2023届高考英语语法：名词性从句讲义.docx

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1、名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为、和。一、引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：A. 连词：that（无任何词意）whether, if（表示“是否”，表明从句内容的不确定性）as if, as though（表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分B. 连接：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, whichever,whomever ：w

2、hen, where, how, why,how many,how muchC. 不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较：whether与if 均为是否的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有or not Whether he will come is not cle

3、ar.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当。It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.主语从句(The Subject Clause)作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例：

4、What he wants to tell us is not clear. Who will win the match is still unknown. It is known to us how he became a writer.Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 注意：主语为从句时，从句谓语动词一般要用单数形式；但如果what引导的从句做主语、代表复数概念（常可从表语上看出）时，谓语动词则常用复数形式。 What we need is water. What we need are

5、useful books. 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去 + that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句例：That light travels in straight lines is known to all. Its known to all that light travels in straight lines.注意：A.

6、 that引导的主语从句大多数要放在句末。 B. what-引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语的结构。 C. 由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首或句末皆可。 D. 如果带主语从句的句子是疑问式，则须用it作形式主语结构。 Has it been announced when the planes are to take off?注意: 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a p

7、ity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that注意：it引导的强调句与it作形式主语的复合句不可混淆。 强调句是用来对所表达句中的某一成分加以强调的特殊句型。其结构为：. It is/was + 强调部分 + that / who -. (人用who或that;其他用that) 例：I met John in the street yesterday. A. It was I that/who met John in the street yesterda

8、y.(强调主语) B. It was John that/who I met in the street yesterday.(强调宾语) C. It was in the street that I met John yesterday. (强调地点状语，不用where) D. It was yesterday that I met John in the street. (强调时间状语，不用when) 强调主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与被强调的部分一致（即：与原主语一致）。 例：It is I who/that am your true friend. 宾语从句(The Object

9、Clause)在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。动词、介词和形容词都可以带宾语从句。例：1) I think (that) he can do the job well.2) Did she say anything about how we should do the work?3) Im not sure whether / if Ill have time.学好宾语从句要过好三道关：* 第一关，选好连接词（也叫关联词）。引导宾语从句的连接词。 5. 连词that：只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，也无词义，口语中或非正式文体中常被省略。 （连接陈述句； 信息完整，不表疑问） (主句动

10、词常为表肯定概念的观点、看法、意念、要求等，如：believe, feel, hear, hope, expect, explain, prefer, promise, report, say, see, think, understand, wish warn等)例： 1）He knew（that）he should work hard 2）I am glad（that）youve passed the exam 2.连词whether或if：起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，口语或非正式文体中多用if。 （连接一般/选择疑问句/反义疑问句；信息完整，但有疑问，用if/whet

11、her） (主句动词常为表疑问意义的观点、看法、意念、要求等，如：ask, wonder, want to know, dont know, cant remember等)例： 1) Do you know whether he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning？ 2）Tom didnt know if whether his grandpa liked the present 作“是否”解的if 和whether在具体用法上差别较大，同学们不易掌握。在宾语从句中用whether没有用 if 时受到那么多限制。（whether 比 if 用得广）例： 3

12、）He asked me whether or not I was coming他问我是否要来。（该句中的whether不能换成if，因为if不能与or连用）*注意：在下列情况下，一般用whether而不用if: A. 在介词后，作介词的宾语：We didnt think about whether it would rain the next day. that引导的宾语从句只有在except, but, besides, in等少数介词后偶尔可以用到。 Your article is all right except that it is too long. 有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加

13、形式宾语it: Ill see to it that everything is ready. (see to 负责) B. 后跟不定式构成不定式短语：She cant decide whether to get there tomorrow. C. 与ornot连用：I dont know whether he is free or not. D. 提出两种选择时：Tell me whether its a boy or a girl. E. 在discuss, consider, decide后: We discussed whether we would go to Beijing th

14、e next week. F. 宾语从句位于句首时：Whether the plane will arrive on time, we are not sure. G. 引导主语、表语或同位语从句时：Whether he will go to Beijing tomorrow hasnt decided yet. 温馨提示：当用if会造成误解时，常用whether而不用if。 例：Please tell me if he will arrive tomorrow. (是否，最好换成whether) Please tell me if he arrives tomorrow.(如果)3. A.

15、连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which：起连接作用，作句子成分，各有意义。例： 1）The teacher asked the new student which class he was in？（which引导宾语从句，在从句中作定语，修饰class，意为“哪个”） 2）Can you tell me what he is saying？(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作say宾语,涉及说话内容) 注意：what = all that；what 与that不能混用。B. 连接副词when, where, why, how：起连接作用，分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语，各有其自己的意义。例： 1）I wonder where he got so much money（where在从句中作地点状语，修饰got，意为