（新教材）2021-2022学年高中外研版英语选择性必修第一册素养课件：UNIT 5 REVEALING NATURE PERIOD 3 .ppt

Unit 5 Revealing nature Period 3 Using language语法精析课 过去完成时 语法精讲透析语法精讲透析 【体验体验悟悟】阅读下面课文原句阅读下面课文原句,回答以下问题。回答以下问题。原句原句1 His room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.原句原句2 Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor,which had arrived on the islands a long time before.【生成生成得得】crowd这个动作发生在这个动作发生在collect这个动作这个动作_。evolve和和arrive两个动作都发生在两个动作都发生在suspect这个动作这个动作_。之后之后 之前之前 【研学研学析析】一、定义一、定义 过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的动作或状态过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的动作或状态(亦可以亦可以说是说是“过去的过去过去的过去”)。过去完成时由。过去完成时由had加过去分词构成。加过去分词构成。二、过去完成时的构成二、过去完成时的构成 1.过去完成时的肯定句过去完成时的肯定句 句型句型:主语主语+had+过去分词过去分词.过去完成时的肯定句由助动词过去完成时的肯定句由助动词had加过去分词构成加过去分词构成:He had already been to New York earlier in the week.本周早些时候他已经去过纽约了。本周早些时候他已经去过纽约了。2.过去完成时的否定句过去完成时的否定句 句型句型:主语主语+had+not+过去分词过去分词.过去完成时的否定句是在助动词过去完成时的否定句是在助动词had后加后加not,之后是过去分词之后是过去分词:At that time we hadnt met her.那时我们还没有见到她。那时我们还没有见到她。3.过去完成时的一般疑问句过去完成时的一般疑问句 句型句型:Had+主语主语+过去分词过去分词.?回答方式回答方式:Yes,主语主语+had./No,主语主语+had+not.过去完成时的一般疑问句是将助动词过去完成时的一般疑问句是将助动词had置于主语之前置于主语之前(had的第一个字母大写的第一个字母大写),在句尾加问号在句尾加问号;这种语序是倒装语序这种语序是倒装语序:He said he had visited the museum two years ago.他说他两年前就参观了这个博物馆。他说他两年前就参观了这个博物馆。Had you visited the museum before you graduated?你毕业之前参观过这个博物馆吗你毕业之前参观过这个博物馆吗?Yes,I had./No,I hadnt.是的是的,我参观过。我参观过。/没有没有,我以前没有参观过。我以前没有参观过。【内化内化用用】Jane _when you rang.你打电话时简刚走。你打电话时简刚走。The country _from the effects of the war.这个国家尚未从战争的影响下复原。这个国家尚未从战争的影响下复原。By six oclock they _for 8 hours.到到6点钟他们已经工作了点钟他们已经工作了8小时了。小时了。had just left had not yet recovered had worked 三、过去完成时的用法三、过去完成时的用法 1.表示较早的过去表示较早的过去 表示较早的过去表示较早的过去,即某一时刻之前已完成的动作或状态。即某一时刻之前已完成的动作或状态。In 1980,Id never been to Paris.(=I never went to Paris before 1980.)1980年之前我从未去过巴黎。年之前我从未去过巴黎。After we had landed,the plane was searched thoroughly.我们降落后我们降落后,飞机被彻底搜查了一遍。飞机被彻底搜查了一遍。2.用于间接引语用于间接引语 过去完成时的作用有时完全相当于现在完成时的过去形式过去完成时的作用有时完全相当于现在完成时的过去形式,在间接引语中多有这在间接引语中多有这种情况。种情况。Helen said(that)she had moved to another flat.海伦说她已搬到另一套公寓去了。海伦说她已搬到另一套公寓去了。3.用于宾语从句用于宾语从句 过去完成时表示一个过去的动作先于另一个过去的动作的用法过去完成时表示一个过去的动作先于另一个过去的动作的用法,多见于宾语从句。多见于宾语从句。一般说来一般说来,主句中用了主句中用了know(知道知道),realize(意识到意识到),think(认为认为),suppose(猜猜想想),guess(推测推测),find(找到找到),discover(发现发现),decide(决定决定),remember(想想起起),forget(忘记忘记)等动词的一般过去时等动词的一般过去时,如果宾语从句中的动作先于主句的动作如果宾语从句中的动作先于主句的动作,通通常用过去完成时。常用过去完成时。I didnt think to ask her if she had passed her examination.我没有想问她是否考试及格了。我没有想问她是否考试及格了。4.强调过去动作的完成强调过去动作的完成 I began collecting stamps in February and by November I had collected more than 2,000.我从我从2月份开始集邮月份开始集邮,到到11月已收集到月已收集到2 000多枚。多枚。5.用于虚拟语气用于虚拟语气 过去完成时的这一用法过去完成时的这一用法,常见于以常见于以if only等引导的感叹句等引导的感叹句:If only we had listened to their advice!我们要是听了他们的意见就好了我们要是听了他们的意见就好了!If only we had seen her before she died.要是在她去世之前我们能见她一面该有多好。要是在她去世之前我们能见她一面该有多好。过去完成时的这一用法还见于构成虚拟语气的条件从句和过去完成时的这一用法还见于构成虚拟语气的条件从句和I wish.(我希我希望望),Id rather.(我宁愿我宁愿)后的后的that从句中。从句中。Id rather you hadnt been present.我宁愿你当时不在场。我宁愿你当时不在场。If I had asked for directions,I wouldnt have gotten lost.如果我问一下路如果我问一下路,就不会迷失方向了。就不会迷失方向了。6.表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算和意图表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算和意图 过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图,只适用于下列动词只适用于下列动词:expect(期待期待),hope(希望希望),intend(打算打算),mean(打算打算),suppose(料想料想),think(认认为为),want(想要想要)等。等。We had hoped that you would be able to visit us.我们原本希望你会来拜访我们。我们原本希望你会来拜访我们。7.与过去完成时连用的时间状语与过去完成时连用的时间状语 与过去完成时连用的时间状语可以是与过去完成时连用的时间状语可以是already(已经已经),yet(仍然仍然),still(还还),just(刚刚刚刚),hardly.when(刚刚就就),scarcely.when(刚刚就就),ever(曾经曾经),never(从来没从来没有有)等等,也可以是也可以是by(不迟于不迟于),before(在在之前之前),until(直到直到),as soon as(一一就就)等引导的词组或从句等引导的词组或从句:When I came back at midnight she still hadnt finished.我半夜回来时我半夜回来时,她还没有做完。她还没有做完。The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining.比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。【内化内化用用】语法填空。语法填空。When she heard that her father _(die)in the accident,she burst out crying.If only you _(work)with greater care!I _(mean)to take a good holiday this year,but I was not able to leave.had died had worked had meant【常温故常温故勤总结勤总结】两张图理解过去完成时两张图理解过去完成时 .单句语法填空单句语法填空 1.When I returned home,he _(leave).2.By ten yesterday evening,she _(finish)writing.3.He _(study)English for five years before he came here.4.It _(stop)raining when I woke up this morning.5.I _(not read)the book because I had read it before.6.She said she _(be)born in 1992.课时素养达标课时素养达标 had left had finished had studied had stopped didnt read was 7.When he _(come)to China two years ago he found people didnt understand him at all though he _(learn)some Chinese in his own country.8.I saw Han Mei yesterday.We _(not see)each other since I left Beijing.9.When I got to his home,he _(go)to bed.10.She asked if Mr Liu _already _(come)back.came had learned hadnt seen had gone had come.句型转换句型转换 1.I had sold the ticket when she came.(改为否定句改为否定句)_ 2.They began to climb the mountain after they had bought all the food and drinks.(改为否定句改为否定句)_after they had bought all the food and drinks.3.Lucy had already completed the project when I arrived.(改为一般疑问改为一般疑问)_when you arrived yet?I hadnt sold the ticket when she came.They didnt begin to climb the mounta