2019版高考英语一轮复习精选题辑：阅读提速练（五） WORD版含解析.doc

1、阅读提速练(五)时间：40分钟阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。A(2018福州市高三毕业班适应性练习)No human has set foot on the Moon since 1972.Now，after more than four decades of inactivity，interest in putting humans back on the Moon is finally heating up again.But who will get there first?

2、CHINAOn 14 December 2013，China successfully landed its Jade Rabbit rover(探测车)on the Moon.It is now working on its next exploration mission.Named Change 4，the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018.If successful，it will be the first landing on the Moons far side.R

3、USSIARussia plans a manned Moon landing in 2030.It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)INDIAFollowing the success of its Chandraya

4、an1 in 2008，India announced a followon mission.Chandrayaan2 was meant to cooperate with Russia.But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013，India decided to go it alone.Chandrayaan2 is about to be sent up in 2018.USAIn December 2018，NASA plans to send up the Exploration Missio

5、n 1，an uncrewed test of their Orion astronaut capsule in which the craft will circle around the Moon before returning to Earth.All being well，a crewed capsule will follow in 2023.Should the mission prove a success，the astronauts will be the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own

6、 eyes since Apollo 17 in 1972.1What will China do in its next space mission?AImprove its Jade Rabbit rover.BWork with other countries.CLand Change 4 on the Moon.DExplore the south pole of the Moon.2Why did India try to carry out its followon mission alone?AIt couldnt find a partner.BIt didnt get the

7、 lander as planned.CThe Russians refused to work with India.DIt planned to launch Chandrayaan2 in advance.3Which country is interested in resources on the Moon?ARussia.BChina.CIndia. DUSA.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国、俄罗斯、印度和美国的登月计划。【难句分析】It is currently working an a project whose idea is that the landers

8、will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)分析：该句为主从复合句。句中whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provi

9、de for a human outpost(前哨站)为whose引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a project；该定语从句中含有that引导的表语从句。译文：当前(俄罗斯)正启动一项工程，其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极，寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用。1C考查细节理解。根据第二段第三句“Named Change 4, the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018”可知，嫦娥四号将在2018年底降落在月球Aitken Basin地区。据此可知，中国的下一步空间计划是嫦娥四号

10、登月，故C项正确。根据第三段第二句“It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon”可知，探索月球南极是俄罗斯的计划，而不是中国的计划，故D项错误；A、B项文中没有提及。2B考查细节理解。根据第四段第三句“But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013, India decided to go it alone”可知，由于俄罗斯没能给印度提供

11、着陆器，故印度决定自己实施登月计划，故B项正确。根据第四段第二句“Chandrayaan2 was meant to cooperate with Russia”可知，印度Chandrayaan2任务计划和俄罗斯合作完成，故A项错误；根据第四段第三句可知，俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器，而不是拒绝合作，故C项错误；D项文中没有提及。3A考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句“It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring

12、 for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站)”可知，当前俄罗斯正启动一项工程，其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极，寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用。故A项正确。B(2018云南高三年级八校跨区调研考试)If our kids dont fall，they dont learn to get up.I still remember the day in high school that my mom forgot to pick me up from s

13、chool.Im the oldest of four children，and no doubt shed had a long day with the other kids and itd slipped her mind.After waiting at school for an hour，I walked the three miles home，and when I got to my house，I shut our front door with anger，stormed into the kitchen and screamed in my moms face that

14、shed forgotten me.Later that night，my dad told me I no longer had a ride to school the next day.I figured my mom would still take me，but when the morning came，she refused.It was midterm，and as a straightA student ready to start college applications，being late wasnt an option.In my mind，missing these

15、 tests would have been the end of my academic career.I begged my mom.I told her she was ruining my future and everything Id worked for.But she held_her_ground，and that day，I walked to school.And I missed my tests.My mom didnt rescue me from failure.She let me suffer from it.She let me figure it out.

16、She let me learn.Now，as a mom myself，Ive realized that I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow，learn and think outside of ourselves.Its how we selfeducate to learn whats right and respectable，and whats not.Its how we become responsible and enthusiastic.Falling down makes

17、us better，because we learn how to get up.4Why did the author shout at her mother?ABecause she was tired after walking home.BBecause she missed some important tests.CBecause her mother had ruined her future.DBecause her mother didnt pick her up home.5How does the author feel about her experience now?

18、ADisappointed. BMerciful.CBeneficial. DEmbarrassed.6What does the underlined phrase“held her ground”in Paragraph 2 mean?AStuck to her decision.BGave in to me.CSaid yes to me.DStayed in the place.7What is the best title for the text?AOffer Your Kids Help if NecessaryBStop Rescuing Your Kids from Fail

19、ureCBe Responsible for Your Kids FailureDTry to Meet Your Kids Demands【解题导语】本文作者通过亲身体会告诉我们：失败让我们变得更好，因为我们在失败中学会成长。【难句分析】Now, as a mom myself, Ive realized that I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow，learn and think outside of ourselves.分析：这是一个复合句。本句含有that引导的宾语从句；because引

20、导原因状语从句， how引导表语从句。译文：现在，作为一个母亲，我意识到我想让我的孩子经历失败，因为失败是我们如何成长、学习和思考的一个过程。4D考查细节理解。根据第一段的“After waiting at school for an hour, I walked the three miles home，and when I got to my house，I shut our front door with anger，stormed into the kitchen and screamed in my moms face that shed forgotten me”可知，作者在学校等

21、了一个小时，后来自己走回了家，因此她对妈妈没有去学校接她非常生气。故选D。5C考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Now, as a mom myself, Ive realized that I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow，learn and think outside of ourselves”说明作者现在认为她之前的经历对她是有益的(Beneficial)。6A考查词义猜测。根据第二段的“But she help_her_ground，and that day, I walked to sc

22、hool”中But的转折意味以及后面作者仍然走着去上学可知，妈妈仍坚持她的观点，没有送作者去上学。7B考查标题判断。根据第三段和第四段的叙述，尤其是第三段的“My mom didnt rescue me from failure”及“I want my kids to experience failure because failure is how we grow，learn and think outside of ourselves”可知，B项最适合做文章标题。A项“如果有必要，给你的孩子提供帮助”与D项“尽力满足你孩子的要求”均与文章内容相悖。C项“对你孩子的失败负责”是年少时作者对妈

23、妈的不满。C(2018江西名校联盟检测)For over a century，the Nashua River in Massachusetts provided power for mills(工厂)，which gave jobs to thousands of people.Over the years，these paper，cotton，wood，and woolen mills had dumped their waste into its waters.By the 1960s，the Nashua River was about as polluted as any river

24、 could get.Its waters ran red or green or blue with dye (染料)from paper mills situated on its banks.The fumes(烟)from this dye blackened paint on the buildings near the river.Then along came Marion Stoddart with a simple but overwhelming ideaclean up the Nashua.This was no onewoman campaign.Stoddart e

25、ncouraged the paper mills and the business community to form partnerships to reclaim the river.She carried jars of dirty river water to local officials to demonstrate the seriousness of the problem.Stoddart talked with business leaders about economic problems.She talked with environmentalists about

26、the longterm problems of pollution.Stoddart knew that the State Water Pollution Control Board would have the final say on forcing the cleanup.When she spoke to the board，she insisted that the Nashua should be made safe for swimming.They thought her goals were unrealistic.However，the partnerships Sto

27、ddart had helped form and the volunteers who were drawn to her cause never gave up.They all realized that cleaning up the river was in everyones best interests.By 1993，several water treatment plants had been built，and a conservation area called a“greenway”had been created along the banks of the rive

28、r.Today mills are still operating along the river，but there are also fish in the river.The Nashua River welcomes boaters，naturalists，and even swimmers.None of this would have been possible without a woman of vision and a community working together.8What does the underlined word“reclaim” refer to?ARe

29、scue. BEnlarge.CMonitor. DExplore.9Whats the boards attitude to Stoddarts goal of improving the river?ASupportive. BDoubtful.CNeutral. DCautious.10What kind of person is Marion Stoddart?AIndependent and broadminded.BDetermined and farsighted.CIntelligent and creative.DStubborn and proud.11What messa

30、ge is conveyed through the no onewoman campaign?AItll be all right on the night.BPrevention is better than cure.CMany hands make light work.DFailure is the mother of success.【解题导语】本文讲的是Marion Stoddart如何联合个体、团体和政府部门共同治理河水污染。【难句分析】None of this would have been possible without a woman of vision and a c

31、ommunity working together.分析：本句用了虚拟语气。None of this would have been possible表示与过去事实相反的情况，without引出虚拟条件。译文：如果没有一个具有远见卓识的女人和一个一起努力的团体，所有这一切都是不可能的。8A考查词义猜测。结合语境及上下文中出现的“clean up the Nashua”“the cleanup”“cleaning up the river”等信息可知，此处指的应是河流治理方面的内容，由此可推知画线词的意思应是“改造”，与A项意思相近，故选A。9B考查观点态度。根据第四段中的“When she s

32、poke to the board.They thought her goals were unrealistic”可知，该委员会认为Stoddart改善河流状况的目标不切实际，即是持怀疑的态度的，故选B。10B考查推理判断。根据文章第三、四段中对Stoddart为了改善河流状况东奔西走的描述及最后一段中的“a woman of vision”可知，Marion Stoddart是一个有决心和有远见卓识的人。故选B。11C考查推理判断。通读全文可知，改善纳舒厄河被污染的现状并不是Stoddart一个人的战斗，她还积极地联合个体、团体和政府部门共同治理河水污染，并最终收到成效。由此可知，C项“人

33、多好办事，众人拾柴火焰高”符合题意。A项意为“车到山前必有路”；B项意为“预防优于补救”。D(2018辽宁省部分重点高中第三次联考)Those who claim bananas are fattening argue that bananas cause the body to make lots of insulin(胰岛素)，and insulin causes fat growth.How much insulin we produce is related to how fast food becomes sugar in our bloodstream.How can you kn

34、ow if food makes a lot of sugar quickly? The glycemic index(血糖指数)，or GI rating tells us.Foods with GI scores above 75 are considered highGI foods，leading to faster sugar development.Bananas have a GI of 62，which is considered low.Weight loss can be a struggle for anyone，but it is especially hard for

35、 diabetics(糖尿病患者)A study looked at how the starch from unripe bananas affected the weight of a group of obese diabetics.After four weeks of a diet high in bananas，diabetics lost significantly more weight than on a control diet.They also saw improvements in insulin sensitivity from the banana diet.Wh

36、ats more，bananas have been shown to cut risks of strokes，diabetes and cancers(Bananas are the most powerful fruit for lowering the risk of kidney cancer.)Bananas are also a rich source of fiber，which has been shown to help weight loss.Bananas that still have some green on the skin are even higher in

37、 fiber.Skins from green bananas can be taken and，after removing the stem and dark tip，cut into small pieces 23 inches long and 1/2 inch wide.These pieces can be made into a tea or added to a dish.When you eat the skins，be sure you are eating organic bananas.The flesh of regular bananas is low in pes

38、ticides，but the skins are not.12What conclusion can we draw from Paragraphs 1&2?ABananas are likely to make people fat.BInsulin determines the amount of sugar.CLowGI foods can turn into sugar more slowly.DThe faster the food becomes sugar，the less insulin.13What does the author say about bananas?AIn

39、cluding bananas in diets is good for health.BBananas can cure people suffering kidney cancer.CEating organic bananas protect people from strokes.DBananas abundant fiber improves insulin sensitivity.14What is discussed in the last paragraph?AThe use of banana skins.BThe benefits of banana skins.CThe

40、importance of banana skins.DThe ways of choosing organic bananas.15In which section of a newspaper can we read this passage?AEducation. BHealth.CCulture. DScience.【解题导语】本文反驳了“吃香蕉会使人发胖”这一错误观点，告诉大家香蕉不会使身体分泌很多胰岛素而导致脂肪增加，相反，香蕉对身体健康有着诸多好处。12C考查推理判断。根据第二段中“How can you know if food makes a lot of sugar qui

41、ckly? The glycemic index(血糖指数).faster sugar development”可知，血糖指数高的食物往往能更快地转化成糖分，反之，血糖指数低的食物转化成糖分的速度较慢。故选C。13A考查推理判断。根据文章第三段中的“diabetics lost significantly more weight than on a control diet.They also saw improvements in insulin sensitivity from the banana diet”及第四段的“bananas have been shown to cut ris

42、ks of strokes，diabetes and cancers.weight loss”可知，香蕉可以帮助人们减肥，也能降低人们患中风、糖尿病及癌症的风险，由此可得出这样的结论：将香蕉列入日常饮食对人们的健康有益，故选A。14A考查主旨要义。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“.can be made into a tea or added to a dish”可知，本段主要讲的是香蕉皮的用途。故选A。15B考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，香蕉不仅有助于减肥，还能降低人们患中风、糖尿病及癌症的风险，而且香蕉皮也有用处。由此可知，本文最有可能出现在报纸的健康专栏。故选B。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满

43、分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2018合肥市高三调研性检测)How to Set GoalsWhether you have small dreams or high expectations，setting goals allows you to plan how you want to move through life.Some achievements can take a lifetime to attain，while others can be completed in a day._1_Determine your

44、 life goals.Ask yourself some important questions about what you want for your life.What do you want to achieve today，in a year，and in your lifetime？The answers to this question can be as general as“I want to be happy”or“I want to help people”_2_Set specific goals.Be specific and realistic about wha

45、t it is that you want to achieve.Research shows that setting a specific goal makes you more likely to achieve it._3_ For example，“Be healthier”is too big and vague to be a helpful goal.“I want to eat more vegetables，and I want to run a marathon” is better.Write out your goals.Be detailed，be clear，an

46、d include your steps._4_ Keep your list in a place where you can get informed frequently.This will help keep you motivated. _5_ You may find yourself set in your ways concerning broad life goals，but take the time to reevaluate your smaller goals.Are you accomplishing them according to your timeline？

47、Are they still necessary to keep you on track towards your larger life goals？Allow yourself the flexibility to make some small changes to your goals.AAdjust your goals.BTrack and measure your progress.CHaving deadlines will keep you motivated.DConsider what you hope to achieve in 10,15，or 20 years.E

48、Here are some important ideas that you may find helpful.FWriting them down tends to make them become a little more real.GRemember that you may need to break large goals into smaller goals.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了设定目标的四种方法。1E根据空处所在位置可知，空处承上启下；结合下文各段的主题句可知，空处引出设定目标的有用方法，故E项符合语境。2D根据该段的主题句“Determine your l

49、ife goals”可知，该段主要建议“确定你的终身目标”；据此可知，该目标属于长期目标，故D项符合语境。3G根据下文中的“For example，Be healthieris too big and vague to be a helpful goal.I want to eat more vegetables，and I want to run a marathonis better”可知，该处举例说明要把大目标分解成小目标，故G项符合语境。4F根据该段的主题句“Write out your goals”可知，要写下你的目标；据此可以判断，空处解释“写下目标”的原因，故F项符合语境。5A根据空处所在位置可知，空处是该段的主题句；结合该段内容尤其是该段尾句“Allow yourself the flexibility to make some small changes to your goals”可知，该段主要讲可以灵活地对你的目标做一些改变，故A项符合语境。