广东省惠州市华罗庚中学2018届高三英语第三轮复习阅读理解之词义猜测(共39张PPT).ppt

1、猜测词义If you come across new words when reading,What will you do?Look them up in the dictionaryIgnore them and continue readingGuess the meaning 333词义猜测题主要是测试考生利用上下文判断单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力，以及it，they，them等判断指代内容，做此类题目，考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，“上下取证”，通过构词法，语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确定词义。对考纲外生词的猜测对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对短语或句义的猜测对代词的猜测

2、对考纲外生词的猜测Many United Nations employees are Many United Nations employees are polyglotspolyglots:Mr.:Mr.Jim,for example,speaks five languages fluently.Jim,for example,speaks five languages fluently.“polyglot”most probably“polyglot”most probably means means“_.”“_.”通晓数种语言的人通晓数种语言的人 Can dogs and cats li

3、ve in perfect harmony in the same home?People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight.A recent research has found a new recipe of success.According to the study,if the cat is adopted before the dog,and if they are introduced when still young(

4、less than 6 months for cats,a year for dogs),it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly.Twothirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.31.The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.A.earlyB.sweetlyC.q

5、uicklyD.smoothly对考纲内熟词新义的猜测l The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic.If you ask your brain to learn,it will learn.(07四川卷)l By saying“the brain at any age is highly plastic”,the writer means the brain can be_.A.used B.mastered C.devel

6、oped D.researched对句义的猜测88(2013(2013四川卷四川卷BB篇篇)Two 12yearold boys,Christian)Two 12yearold boys,Christian and Jack,rowed out a boat to search for a football.Once and Jack,rowed out a boat to search for a football.Once theyd rowed beyond the calm waters,a beach umbrella theyd rowed beyond the calm wate

7、rs,a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water.The pair panicked and tried to row back to open water.The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore.But they were no match for shore.But they were no

8、match for itit and the boat was and the boat was out of control.out of control.36.What does“it”in Paragraph 2 refer to?36.What does“it”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.The beach.B.The water.A.The beach.B.The water.C.The boat.D.The wind.C.The boat.D.The wind.D对代词的猜测词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1The underlined word/phrase“

9、_”in the third paragraph means_.2The underlined word“_”in the second paragraph can be replaced by_.3Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the underlined word“_”in the last paragraph?4The underlined word“_”in the fourth paragraph refers to_.生活常识上下文对比转折因果关系同位关系同义词反义词构词法定义猜How to guess th

10、e meaning of words?解题秘笈1.Definition 定义法3.Similarity 相似法2.Contrast 对比法4.Cause and effect 因果法5.Example 例举法8.Common Sense 普通常识6.Word Formation 构词法猜测词义7.Context 上下文 1.It will be very hard but very brittle that is,it will break easily.1.Definition 定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。A.fragile B.soft C.weak D.

11、strong 2.The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.(n.牧羊人)通过标点符号来下定义 使用破折号，引号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容3.They will be on the night shift from midnight to 6 a.m.next week.由破折号之间的解释内容，我们可以了解到“night shift”意思为“夜班”。1.定义法定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is，or，that is(to say),in other words，be called，be known

12、as,be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示Guess the Meaning of the Word小结2.Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比的词有but、while、however、otherwise等。1.Most of us agreed,however,Bill dissented.2.She is usually prompt for all her classes,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.A.punctual B.late C.slowl

13、y D.quickly A(disagreed)l Tests on rats show that those who raise two or three litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies.l A.baby rats B.animals l C.old rats D.grown-up rats表转折关系的词常有如but,while,however,instead of,rather than,unlike,yet,otherwise

14、,though on the contrary等。小结2.对比法3.Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。1.Cleaning up waterways is an gigantictask.The job is so large,in fact,that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.(adj.巨大的;极大的)2.“The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,”says fr

15、iend Pat Williams,“He wasnt a great actor or a great speaker.He was just Joe Everybody.”74.“He was just Joe Everybody.”(in the last paragraph)means _.A.Dave was famous B.Dave was ordinary C.Dave was stupid D.Dave was shy 根据同义词3.The new tax law supersedes,or replaces,the law that was in effect last y

16、ear.and,or,such as,like，for example,for instance常连接同义词组。小结取代4.Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。1.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.2.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.(adj.贫穷的,穷困的)(adj.大的)3.She did not hear what you said

17、 because she was completely engrossed in her reading.Not hear what you saidconcentrate/focus her attention on 4.Since I have finished my paper now,I am going to give myself a treat tonight.I am going to watch a movie on campus,an action movie called“Face Off”.The underlined words“a treat”here means

18、_.A.an action movie B.something pleasant to enjoy C.a rest D.something nice to eatAll his attempts to unlock the door was futile,because she was using the wrong key.徒劳的Guess the meaning of the word根据因果关系小结常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，so,so that,such thatso,so that,such thattherefo

19、re等)表示前因后果。5.Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance,for example,such as等。1.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances,for instance,washing machines,refrigerators and color televisions.(n.电器用具)2.Although the hazards of the trip were many for example,the unbearable heat,

20、the lack of water,the possibility of getting lost,the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes Collins nevertheless decided that she must go.A)pleasures B)conveniences C)dangers D)equipment 6.Word Formation 构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌

21、握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。通过构词法猜测词义 运用合成，派生，转化的方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。1.根据合成(compounding)词猜测词义2.根据前缀(prefix)猜测词义3.根据后缀(suffix)猜测词义4.猜测词性转换(conversion)猜测新词含义superman childish(超人)nonnatural mispronouce(非自然的)homeless antiageing(无家可归的)shewolf sleepwalk(母狼)Can you guess the right meanings?(孩子气的)(

22、抗衰老的)(发错音)(梦游)1.With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(2003NMET)unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，绝对的没有判断力的根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等派生 Derivationl 2.According to Morrissey,trying to

23、 find a diet that can cure your illness,or make you superwoman is a fruitless search.l 43.“a fruitless research”means_l A.an effort without resultsl B.a search for diet without fruitsl C.a research on fruitless dietl D.a diet serving as medicine l He was something out of an ancient legend,his very s

24、trange,dusty felt hat,his funny accent from who-knows-where（06广东卷）合成 Compounding谁都不知是什么地方l Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say.（08广东卷）lShe rested herself against a post close to the tracks（09广东卷）转化 Conversionv.n.发

25、言，发表意见n.v.倚靠1.Spending as little as$US 5 a day on someone else could significantly boost happiness,the team at the University of British Columbia found.A.help to find B.help to bring C.help to increase D.help to getC7.Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。下文：Their experiment on more than 630Americans showed t

26、hat they were measurably happier when they spend money on others.根据上下文线索The whole family had experienced such a storm before and everyone remembered the damage it had caused to stock and cropsThere was very little we could do about the corps.But we needed to protect the animals in case the river flo

27、oded again(江西卷)The underlined word stock refers to_.A.money owned by the family Bgoods for sale C.supplies for family use Dfarm animalsDD8.Common sense 普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。When a

28、doctor performs an operation on a patient，he usually gives an anesthetic to make himunconscious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.n.麻醉剂(药)嫁妆Guess the meaning根据生活常识In old days,when girls from rich families were married to their husbands,they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry.l 根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。小结根据生活常识1.Definition 定义法3.Similarity 相似法2.Contrast 对比法4.Cause and effect 因果法5.Example 例举法8.Common Sense 普通常识6.Word Formation 构词法猜测词义7.Context 上下文Summary