2020年高考英语重难点突破训练 阅读理解之说明文（含解析）.doc

1、阅读理解之说明文A team of international scientists is due to set off for the worlds biggest iceberg in a mission aiming to answer fundamental questions about the impact of climate change in the polar regions. The scientists, led by the British Antarctic Survey( BAS), are trying to reach a newly revealed eco

2、system that had been hidden for 120,000 years below the Larsen C ice shelf.Last year, part of the Larsen C ice shelf calved (崩解) away, forming a huge iceberg-A68-which is four times bigger than London, and revealing life beneath for the first time. Now scientists say it is a race against time to exp

3、lore these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light. Marine biologist Dr Katrin Linse from the BAS is leading the mission.“The calving of A68 provides us with a unique opportunity to study marine life as it responds to a huge environment change,” she said. “It is important that we get

4、 there quickly before the undersea environment changes as sunlight enters the water.”Professor David Vaughan, science director at the BAs, said, “We need to be bold (大胆的) on this one. Larsen C is a long way south and theres lots of sea ice in the area, but this is important science, so we will try o

5、ur best to get the team where they need to be. He said climate change had already affected the sea around Antarctica and is warming some coastal waters. “Future warming may make some habitats warm. Where these habitats support unique species that are adapted to love the cold and not the warm, those

6、species are going to either move or die.”There is growing concern about the possible impact of climate change in the Antarctic. Earlier this month, a report revealed that melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica are speeding up the already fast pace of the sea level rise. The research, publish

7、ed by the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine, said, “At the current rate, the worlds ocean will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century.” However, it found that the process is accelerating, and more than three quarters of the acceleration since 1993 is due

8、 to melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, the study shows.1. Why are the scientists eager to go to the iceberg?A. To study how the iceberg was formed.B. To study a newly discovered ecosystem.C. To explore a new way to prevent climate change.D. To explore the geography of the Larsen C ice s

9、helf.2. What do the underlined words “this one” in the fourth paragraph refer to?A. The Larsen C ice shelf.B. Climate change in Antarctica.C. The A68 iceberg with the ecosystem beneath it.D. The condition of animal species in Antarctica.3. What can we learn about the A68 iceberg from the text?A. It

10、is as big as London.B. It is part of an ice shelf in the Arctic.C. It will disappear in a very short time.D. It has uncovered an unknown ecosystem in Antarctica.4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. There is no need to worry about climate change in Antarctica.B. The ice sheets in Greenland

11、 and Antarctica are melting at a steady rate.C. Many creatures living in deep water will die out due to climate change.D. By 2100, the sea level will have risen to a much higher level than now.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。南极地区的拉森C冰架崩解形成了一座巨大的冰山A68 iceberg。冰山下面显现的新的海洋生态系统为科学家提供了研究未知的海洋生物的机会。1. B【解析】细节理解题。由第二段Now s

12、cientists say it is a race against time to explore these new ecosystems before they are transformed to the light.可知，科学家着急赶去世界最大的冰山是为了在其受到光照影响之前研究这座冰山下面的海洋生态系统。故选B。2. C【解析】词义猜测题。由第三段The calving of A68 provides us with a unique opportunity to study marine life.可知A68冰山的形成为科学家提供了研究海洋生物的独一无二的机会，所以Profess

13、or David Vaughan认为科学家要果敢地抓住这次机会，故this one指的是A68冰山和它下面的生态系统。故选C。3. D【解析】细节理解题。由第二段which is four times bigger than London可知A选项错误。由第四段Larsen C is a long way south and theres lots of sea ice in the area可知拉森C冰架位于南极地区，B选项错误。由第一段to reach a newly revealed ecosystem that had been hidden for 120,000 years bel

14、ow the Larsen C ice shelf.可知D选项正确。C选项在文中没有提到。4. D【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段At the current rate, the worlds oceans will be, on average, at least 60cm higher by the end of the century.可推测D选项正确。College visits are important. Before you commit years of your life and money to a school，be sure youre choosing a place

15、that is a good match for your personality and interests. You cant get the “feel” of a school from any guidebook，so be sure to visit the campus. Below are a few tips for getting the most out of your college visit.Explore on Your OwnOf course you should take the official campus tour，but be sure to all

16、ow time to hang around on your own. The trained tour guides will show you a schools selling points. But the oldest and prettiest buildings dont give you the entire picture of a college. Try to walk the extra mile and get the complete picture of the campus.Read the Bulletin BoardsWhen you visit the s

17、tudent center，academic buildings and residence halls，take a few minutes to read the bulletin boards. They provide an easy way to see whats happening on campus. The ads for lectures，clubs and plays can tell you whats going on outside the classrooms.Eat in the Dining HallYou can get a good feel for st

18、udent life by eating in the dining hall. Try to sit with students if you can. Do the students seem happy or stressed？Also，is the food good？Are there adequate healthy options？Many admission offices will give prospective students coupons（优惠券）for free meals in the dining halls.Visit a Class in Your Maj

19、orIf you know what you want to study，a class visit makes a lot of sense. Youll get to observe other students in your field and see how involved they are in classroom discussion. Try to stay after class for a few minutes and chat with the students to get their impressions of their professors and majo

20、r. Be sure to call in advance to schedule a classroom visit-most colleges dont allow visitors to drop in at class unannounced.Talk to Lots of StudentsYour campus tour guide has been trained to market the school. Try to talk to students who arent getting paid to impress you. These important conversat

21、ions can often provide you with information about college life that isnt part of the admission script. Few university officials will tell you if their students spend all weekend drinking or studying，but a group of random students might.For more tips，please go to collegeapps. about. com.5. The best w

22、ay to know about a college in an official campus tour is_.A. to walk around the campus aloneB. to take pictures of the campusC. to visit the oldest and prettiest buildingsD. to hire a trained tour guide6. Reading the bulletin boards can help you _.A. decide-the major you want to studyB. find out the

23、 after-class activities on campusC. get free coupons from the admission officesD. find out the options of healthy food7. If you plan to attend a class on campus, _.A. drop in at a class in your majorB. have talks with students before classC. make an appointment in advanceD. ask the professor for per

24、mission8. To get a real idea of the college during a visit, its best to talk to_.A. famous professorsB. campus tour guidesC. admission officersD. random students9. Where does the passage probably come from？A. A news report.B. A tourist poster.C. An educational journal.D. A geographical magazine.【文章大

25、意】本文属于说明文，本文对上大学之前需要了解的信息给出了一些建议，可以自行探索，阅读公告栏，在餐厅试吃，旁听课程和与其他同学交谈。5. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一个标题下的第一句中的but be sure to allow time to hang around on your own可知，要想了解一所大学，最好能独自在校园逗留一段时间。故选A。6. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二个标题下的They provide an easy way to see whats happening on campus，可知，公告栏可以让你了解校园课外活动的相关信息。故选B。7. C【解析】细节理解题。根

26、据第四个标题下的Be sure to call in advance to schedule a classroom visit-most colleges dont allow visitors to drop in on class unannounced。可知，并不是所有的课都可以旁听的，你需要提前预约。故选C。8. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第五个标题下的Youll get to observe other students in your field and see how involved they are in classroom discussion可知，要想真正了解一所大学的

27、情况，最好能随机地和一些学生交谈。故选D。9. C【解析】推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文对上大学之前需要了解的信息给出了一些建议，所以最有可能来自教育期刊。故选C。Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into spac

28、e.This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more freque

29、ntly over next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other sci

30、entists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused war

31、ming. Ozone（臭氧）levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground.

32、 Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.“We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.” Scientists tracked the change in amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and

33、 found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they deter

34、mined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicated, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained o

35、r lost from the earth.10. According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may _.A. result in a warming climateB. cause the forest fires to occur more frequentlyC. lead to a longer fire seasonD. protect the forests and the environment there11. The following are all the im

36、mediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT _.A. large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphereB. the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increaseC. snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into spaceD. ashes from the fire fall on the ice surface and take in more radiation from the

37、 sun12. Earlier studies about northern forest fires _.A. analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climateB. indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphereC. suggest that people should take measures to protect the environmentD. suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming13

38、. The underlined phrase “soak up” in the last paragraph most probably means _.A. releasedB. absorbedC. createdD. distributed14. From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may _.A. warm the climate as the supposition goesB. allow more snow to reflect mor

39、e sunlight into space and thus cool the climateC. destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea iceD. help to gain more energy rather than release more energy10. A【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段1,2行This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenho

40、use gases may warm the climate in northern regions说明这样的措施最终导致了北部地区的气候变暖。故A正确。11. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段后三行The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into spac

41、e, leading to cooling.说明地上的雪反射阳光这是大火的间接的影响，是在第二年春天的时候发生的事情，并不是immediate effects。故C符合要求。12. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段2,3行Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmos

42、phere and thus trap heat.说明D正确。13. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据本句0.5 watts per square meter of area burned aresoaked upby the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space.说明该词与send back该词相反的意思，故应该指吸收，因为send back指反射。故B正确。14. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二行scientists have discover

43、ed that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.可知选 B。For all the pressures and rewards of regionalization(地区化) and globalization, local identities remain the most deeply impressed. Even if the end result of globalization is to make the world s

44、maller, its scope seems to foster the need for more private local connections among many individuals. As Bernard Poignant, mayor of the town of Quimper in Brittany, told the Washington Post, “Man is a fragile animal and he needs his close attachments. The more open the world becomes, the more ties t

45、here will be to one s roots and ones land.”In most communities, local languages such as Poignants Breton serve a strong symbolic function as a clear mark of “authenticity(原真性)”. The sum total of a communitys shared historical experience, authenticity reflects a noticeable line from a culturally idea

46、lized past to the present, carried by the language and traditions associated with the communitys origins. A concern for authenticity leads most secular(世俗的) Israelis to defend Hebrew among themselves while also acquiring English and even Arabic. The same obsession with authenticity drives Hasidic Je

47、ws in Israel or the Diaspora to champion Yiddish while also learning Hebrew and English. In each case, authenticity amounts to a central core of cultural beliefs and interpretations that are not only resistant to globalization but also are actually reinforced by the “threat” that globalization seems

48、 to present to these historical values. Scholars may argue that cultural identities change over time in response to specific reward systems. But locals often resist such explanation and defend authenticity and local mother tongues against the perceived threat of globalization with near religious eag

49、erness.As a result, never before in history have there been as many standardized languages as there are today: roughly 1,200. Many smaller languages, even those with far fewer than one million speakers, have benefited from state-sponsored or voluntary preservation movements. On the most informal lev

50、el, communities in Alaska and the American northwest have formed Internet discussion groups in an attempt to pass on Native American languages to younger generations. In the Basque, Catalan, and Galician regions of Spain, such movements are fiercely political and frequently involved loyal resistance

51、 to the Spanish government over political and linguistic rights. Projects have ranged from a campaign to print Spanish money in the four official languages of the state to the creation of language immersion nursery and primary schools. Zapatistas in Mexico are championing the revival of Mayan langua

52、ges in an equally political campaign for local autonomy.In addition to causing the feeling of the subjective importance of local roots, supporters of local languages defend their continued use on practical grounds. Local tongues foster higher levels of school success, higher degrees of participation

53、 in local government, more informed citizenship, and better knowledge of ones own culture, history, and faith. Government and relief agencies can also use local languages to spread information about industrial and agricultural techniques as well as modern health care to diverse audiences. Developmen

54、t workers in West Africa, for example, have found that the best way to teach the vast number of farmers with little or no formal education how to sow and rotate crops for higher yields is in these local tongues. Nevertheless, both regionalization and globalization require that more and more speakers

55、 of local languages be multi-literate.15. In paragraph 1, the author quoted a mayors word to show that globalization _.A. strengthens local identitiesB. weakens regionalizationC. strengthens individualismD. weakens local attachments16. The influence of globalization on authenticity is that it _.A. w

56、eakens the authority of authenticityB. prevents the development of authenticityC. enhances the importance of authenticityD. promotes the maturity of authenticity17. In terms of campaigns for language protection, America differs from Spain and Mexico in that _.A. its volunteers have enough sponsorshi

57、p from the state.B. its locals are not interested in finding native Americans.C. its youths are eager to pass on the local traditions.D. its movements are not political.18. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Practically, local languages are less used than English.B. Local languages are

58、 more important in daily life.C. The smaller the world is, the more united the locals are.D. The relation between localization and globalization is double-win.【文章大意】本文是说明文。对于区域化和全球化的所有压力及其回报来说，本地的认同还是最关键的。即使全球化的最终结果是促使世界变小了，这一能力依然促进了众多个体最初在本土相连的需求。世界越是变得开放，其本源与本土的连接就会越紧密。文章列举了当地文化的现状及各国采取的保护措施。15. A

59、细节理解题。根据第一段得知，作者用引用的句子是为了说明全球化让世界越变越小，但它也促使个体之间更加亲密，增加了地方认同。故选A。16. C推理判断题。根据第二段In each case, authenticity amounts to a central core of cultural beliefs and interpretations that are not only resistant to globalization but also are actually reinforced by the“threat”that globalization seems to present

60、 to these historical values.得知，全球化对真实性的影响是增强了真实性的重要性。故选C。17. D细节理解题。根据第三段communities in Alaska and the American northwest have formed Internet discussion groups in an attempt to pass on Native American languages to younger generations.阿拉斯加和美国西北部的社区已经形成了互联网讨论会来保护语言，而西班牙和墨西哥通过政治活动保护语言。故选D.18. A细节理解题。根

61、据最后一段得知，地方语言的众多用处，但并没有明确比较地方语言和英语在实际应用方面孰多孰少。A项表述错误。故选A。A Swiss airplane powered only by energy from the sun left from Abu Dhabi early on March 9. Its creators hope the plane will make the first around-the-world journey without any fuel. The plane is called Solar Impulse 2. It has one seat and is ma

62、de from carbon fiber. The plane weighs only as much as a car but its wings are wider than a Boeing 747. The planes wings stretch 72 meters across. Those wings include 17,000 solar units, or cells, which capture the suns energy. The energy allows the plane to fly day and night.Two Swiss scientists bu

63、ilt the plane. Bertrand Piccard is also an explorer who made the first non-stop flight around the world in a balloon. Andre Borschberg is an engineer and trained fighter pilot. The scientists say they are not trying to alter the airplane industry. Instead, they want to show that new energy sources a

64、nd technologies can achieve what some say is impossible. “We want to show we can fly day and night in an aircraft without a drop of fuel.” Mr. Piccard said.Some parts of the trip will require the pilots to be in the tiny plane for five to six days and nights in a row. So it is good that the pilots s

65、eat is also a toilet.The planes route begins in the United Arab Emirates. The pilots also plan stops in Oman, India, and China. They will cross the Pacific Ocean, stop in the United States, and continue over southern Europe or North Africa. They plan to arrive back in the United Arab Emirates in lat

66、e July or early August.Internet viewers can go to the Solar Impulse website to see the planes location and listen to broadcasts from the pilots.19. Why does the plane have wider wings?A. It can fly faster and land safely.B. It can get the suns energy easily.C. It may look like a Boeing 747.D. It wil

67、l make the plane appear larger.20. What does the underlined word “alter” in Para 2 probably mean?A. Improve.B. Change.C. Rebuild.D. Destroy.21. What do we know about the trip made in the plane?A. It will take five to six days and nights.B. It is a non-stop flight around the world.C. It is broadcast

68、live on the Internet.D. It doesnt include North America.22. What does the text mainly talk about?A. A solar-powered plane will travel the globe.B. A good way to save energy has been found.C. A newly-built plane consumes no energy.D. Solar energy waits to be fully explored.【文章大意】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向

69、我们描述了科学家们将新能源科技运用到飞机上制造太阳能飞机的实验。19. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句Those wings include 17,000 solar units, or cells, which capture the suns energy. The energy allows the plane to fly day and night.可知，飞机有更宽的机翼是因为它可以很容易地获得太阳能。故选B。20. B【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段中Instead, they want to show that new energy sources and technol

70、ogies can achieve what some say is impossible.（相反，他们想要证明，新能源和新技术可以实现一些人所说的不可能实现的目标。）可知“科学家们并没有试图改变航空业。”所以推知划线词的意思是“改变”。故选B。21. C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段Internet viewers can go to the Solar Impulse website to see the planes location and listen to broadcasts from the pilots.（互联网观众可以访问太阳能动力公司的网站，查看飞机的位置，并收听飞行员

71、的广播。）可知，关于这次飞行，将在互联网上直播。故选C。22. A【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段中A Swiss airplane powered only by energy from the sun left from Abu Dhabi early on March 9. Its creators hope the plane will make the first around-the-world journey without any fuel. The plane is called Solar Impulse 2.（3月9日，一架仅靠太阳能供电的瑞士飞机从阿布扎比起飞。它的创造者希望这架飞机能进行第一次无燃料环球飞行。这架飞机被称为太阳动力2号。）可知，本文讲述的是一架太阳能飞机将环游世界。故选A。