新教材2022届新高考英语外研版一轮复习课件：选择性必修 第四册 UNIT 6　SPACE AND BEYOND .ppt

1、Unit 6Space and beyond主题:人与自然子话题:宇宙奥秘探索对应教材:必修第三册 Unit 5What an adventure;选择性必修第三册 Unit 4A glimpse of the future;选择性必修第四册 Unit 5Into the unknown;Unit 6Space and beyondStep 1 诵读经典渗透文化意识.细品味经典文章Working in spaceBored with your life?Dreaming of something different?When I feel like that I look up and won

2、der what life would be like 400 km above my head.Thats where the International Space Station orbits the Earth,with six astronauts living and working on board,for months at a time.How do they sleep?They spend the night floating in a sleeping bag inside a small cubicle on the ceiling.American astronau

3、t Sunita Williams explains:“Its like a little phone booth but its pretty comfy and it doesnt matter if I turn over and sleep upside down.I dont have any sensation in my head that tells me Im upside down.”Brushing your teeth in a place where you cant have a tap or a sink can be a challenge.Can you im

4、agine the mess that running water would make in zero gravity?Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield uses a straw to put a big blob of water from a sealed bag onto an ordinary toothbrush and adds a little toothpaste which he has to swallow when hes done.Daily exercise is essential.The lack of gravity make

5、s bones more brittle and muscles lose strength so astronauts are encouraged to work out for at least two hours a day.The role of astronauts in the International Space Station is to act as lab technicians for scientists back on Earth.So they spend their time maintaining their environment and performi

6、ng and monitoring experiments in a confined space about the size of a Boeing 747.One of their most valued perks(待遇)is the view from“the office”,dominated by that gigantic blue ball down there,sitting in the darkness of space.Wow!Absolutely breathtaking!.按要求完成任务1.写出与本单元有关的话题词汇。_ The International Spa

7、ce Station,orbit,astronaut,gravity,monitor,giganticblue ball,dominate.2.写一写你认为优美的句式。_ _Thats where the International Space Station orbits the Earth,with sixastronauts living and working on board,for months at a time.One of their most valued perks is the view from“the office”,dominated bythat giganti

8、c blue ball down there,sitting in the darkness of space.Step 2 固本强基锻造语言能力.重点词汇1.shadow n.坏影响,阴影【教材原句】It was the most disastrous space accident ever,and it cast a shadow on peoples hearts.(P63)这是有史以来最具灾难性的太空事故,给人们的心灵留下了阴影。【词块必记】(1)cast a shadow on.给留下阴影(2)catch at shadows捕风捉影【名师点津】shade阳光照不到形成的阴凉之地。s

9、hadow指人或物在光照下形成的影像,有明显的轮廓,指“影子”。【语境速测】选词填空(shade/shadow)The death of her husband has cast a _on life.He was very tired,so he lay in the _under a tree and soon fell asleep.In the evening your _is longer than you are.完成句子The current developments _the future of the talk.目前的形势给谈判的前途投下了阴影。The children we

10、re having fun,_.孩子们追逐着彼此的影子,玩得很开心。shadowshadeshadowcast a shadow overchasing each others shadows2.submit v.提交;投降;屈服【教材原句】Submit a three-minute video introducing yourself and saying why you would be an ideal space candidate.(P67)提交一段三分钟的视频介绍你自己,并说说为什么你会是一个理想的太空候选人。【词块必记】(1)submit sth.to sb.向某人提交某物sub

11、mit to向屈服(2)submissionn.提交;投降;屈服【语境速测】单句语法填空I have decided to submit my proposal for urban development _the city council.Those who tend to submit _their fate are sure not to make any achievements.The defeated general showed his _(submit)by giving up his sword.totosubmission【写作金句】Never submit to a th

12、reat.永远不要屈服于威胁。3.fetch v.(去)拿来【教材原句】A vacuum cleaner also comes in handy for fetching items that are floating around out-of-reach!(P71)真空吸尘器也可以用来吸取那些在你够不着的地方飘着的东西!【词块必记】(1)fetch sb.sth.=fetch sth.for sb.去给某人拿来某物(2)fetch+价钱售得钱【语境速测】单句语法填空I asked her _(fetch)me an evening paper._(fetch)me the book on

13、the desk,please.to fetchFetch完成句子Its warm enough _out the garden chairs.天气转暖了,该把花园椅搬出来了。The painting is expected _between two and three million pounds.预计这幅画将售得两三百万英镑。to fetchto fetch.核心短语4.be accustomed to 习惯于【教材原句】Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969,people have

14、 become accustomed to the notion of space travel.(P62)自从1969年7月20日尼尔阿姆斯特朗第一次踏上月球后,人们已经习惯了太空旅行的概念。【词块必记】(1)be accustomed to(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事(表状态)get/become accustomed to(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事(表动作)(2)accustom vt.使习惯于accustom sb./oneself to(doing)sth.使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事【语境速测】单句语法填空Im _(accustom)to listening

15、to some light music before sleep.She was a person accustomed to _(have)eight hours sleep a night.一句多译这位老人习惯于生活在农村,他发现适应城市生活很难。The old man _,and he finds it hard to adapt to the life in the city.accustomedhavingis accustomed to living in the countryside _,the old man finds it hard to adapt to the lif

16、e in the city.(过去分词作状语)_,the old man finds it hard to adapt to the life in the city.(现在分词作状语)Accustomed to living in the countrysideHaving accustomed himself to living in the countryside.经典句式5.We didnt have much patience waiting for the launch.我们没有太多的耐心等待发射。【句型公式】(1)have patience in doing sth.有耐心做某事

17、,其中介词in可以省略(2)have trouble/problems/difficulty with sth.对某事有困难(3)have trouble/problems/difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难have a hard time(in)doing sth.做某事有困难have no trouble/difficulty/problems(in)doing sth.毫不费力地做某事【语境速测】单句语法填空Homeless people often have difficulty _(find)a job because they have no home a

18、ddresses.Youll imagine what difficulty we had _(walk)home in the snowstorm.If your awareness is as sharp as it could be,youll have no trouble _(answer)these questions.Shes having a lot of trouble _the new computer,but she doesnt know whom to turn to.findingwalkingansweringwith6.And,for a long while,

19、people were unable to understand what they could see.并且,在很长一段时间里人们无法理解他们所看到的。【句型公式】(1)what用作连接代词,用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。what同时在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或补足语。(2)根据不同的语境,what可以表示不同的意思,例如“的东西或事情”“的人或样子”等,此时基本没有疑问的意思。(3)what引导名词性从句,要作从句的主语、宾语、表语等;而that在名词性从句中只起连接作用,不作任何句子成分。介词后不接that引导的宾语从句。【语境速测】单句语法填空 _makes the bo

20、ok so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.China is no longer _it used to be.The shocking news made me realize _terrible problems we would face.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to$20,half of _it used to charge._she was admitted to Harvard University

21、made her parents very happy.WhatwhatwhatwhatThat【备选要点】unexceptional adj.寻常的【教材原句】Following the Moon landings,space travel rapidly became unexceptional to the public,as innovations succeeded each other.(P62)登月之后,太空旅行对公众来说迅速变得寻常,因为创新相继出现。【词块必记】(1)exceptionaladj.异常的;优秀的(2)exceptionally adv.异常地(3)except

22、ion n.例外with the exception of除之外,不包括without exception律;无一例外地(4)except prep.除之外conj.除了【语境速测】单句语法填空The theatre was booked up for every evening this week _Tuesday.This deadline will be extended only in _(exception)circumstances.The weather,even for January,was _(exceptional)cold.完成句子Since then,Michael

23、_(过着平常的生活).All the questions must be answered _(除之外)the last one.exceptexceptionalexceptionallyhas lived an unexceptional lifewith the exception ofStep 3 强化检测提升学习能力.单句语法填空1.(2020新高考全国卷)As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer _(simulate)and imagine themselves living at a differ

24、ent time in history or walking through a rainforest.2.(2020天津高考)Jones idea has been fully realizedthe“HAPPY TO CHAT”benches help break down the _(visible)social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.simulationsinvisible3.(2020浙江高考)Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of

25、technology _(change)lives.4.(2018全国卷)Unexpectedly,Im face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins _(scream)at the top of her lungs.5.(2018全国卷)To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to strengthen your leg _(muscle).to changescreamingmuscles.完成句子1.We had great difficulty _.我们费了很大的劲才找

26、到了停车场。2.The high bell tower _the grass.高高的钟楼在草地上投下了长长的影子。3.It is hot in summer and cold in winter,but you will _the climate soon.这里夏天热冬天冷,但是你会很快习惯于这里的气候的。in finding a parking lotcast a long shadow onbe accustomed to4.No man has ever _that isolated island;it is impossible to land there.没有人踏足过那座孤岛,在那里

27、登陆是不可能的。5.We _,but we went to the concert instead.我们昨晚本该学习的,但是我们去听音乐会了。set foot onshould have studied last night.语法填空Neil Armstrong set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969.1._had once been considered impossible had now been achieved.2._(follow)the Moon landings,space travel rapidly became unexcept

28、ional to the public.3._(tragic)the Challenger space shuttle exploded after it took off on 28 January 1986,and all seven astronauts on board were killed.It was the most disastrous space accident ever,and it cast a shadow 4._peoples hearts.After the disaster,space shuttle flights 5._(suspend)for nearl

29、y three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated.But there was never any doubt that manned 6._WhatFollowingTragicallyonwere suspendedflights(flight)would continue,and on 29 September 1988,the space shuttle programmeresumed with the 7._(success)launch of Discovery.It 8._(be)over 30 year

30、s since the loss of Challenger.The memory of those seven will live forever,9._(write)in the stars,inspiring us to join them in humanitys greatest journey of exploration and discovery.The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us,reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars,no matter 10._d

31、istant they might seem.successfulhas beenwrittenhow直击高考培养思维品质核心素养 加深学生对天文学的了解,并激发对探索外太空的兴趣,培养科学研究的思维和品质高考链接 2020全国卷语法填空;2020全国卷阅读理解B;2020天津高考阅读理解C;2020浙江高考阅读理解B;2019全国卷阅读理解D.话题与阅读理解Round and Round They GoSpace is becoming more crowded.Quite a few low-Earth-orbit(LEO)satellites have been launched int

32、o the sky,which are designed to move around the Earth only a few hundred kilometres above its surface.SpaceX and OneWeb plan to launch LEO satellites in their thousands,not hundreds,to double the total number of satellites in orbit(轨道)by 2027.That promises to change things on Earth.LEO satellites ca

33、n bring Internet connectivity to places where it is still unavailable.This will also be a source of new demand for the space economy.Morgan Stanley,a bank,projects that the space industry will grow from$350 billion in 2016 to more than$1.1 trillion by 2040.New Internet satellites will account for ha

34、lf this increase.For that to happen,however,three worries must be overcome.Debris(碎片)is the most familiar concern.When enough satellites were packed into low-Earth-orbit,any collision(碰撞)could cause a chain reaction which would eventually destroy all spaceships.One solution is to grab the satellites

35、 with problems and pull them down into the Earths atmosphere.Another is to monitor space more closely for debris.But technology is only part of the answer.Rules are needed to deal with old satellites safely from low-Earth-orbit.Cyber(网络的)-security is a second,long-standing worry.Hackers(黑客)could tak

36、e control of a satellite and steal intellectual property,redirect data flows or cause a collision.The satellite industry has been slow to respond to such concerns.But as more of the worlds population comes to rely on the infrastructure of space for access to the Internet,the need for action will int

37、ensify.Measures will surely be taken to protect network security.The third issue follows from the first two.If there is a simple mistake or a cyber-attack,it may cause a chain reaction which wipes out hundreds of billions of dollars of investment.Who is responsible for that?Now the plans of firms wi

38、shing to operate large numbers of satellites are being studied.But there is a long way to go before the risks are well understood,let alone priced.As space becomes more commercialized,mind-bending prospects open up:packages moved across the planet in minutes by rocket rather than by plane,equipment

39、sent to other small planets,passengers launched into orbit and beyond.All that and more may come,one day.But such activities would raise the same questions as LEO satellites do.They must be answered before the space economy can truly develop.【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了一家名为SpaceX and OneWeb的公司计划在2027前发射数千颗近地

40、轨道卫星之事,及太空卫星数量剧增带来的三个安全方面的担忧。1.What can we learn about LEO satellites from the passage?A.They are supposed to limit the space economy.B.They are expected to increase in large numbers.C.They are designed to move beyond the Earth as far as possible.D.They are mainly intended to bring Internet connecti

41、vity to remote areas.【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“SpaceX and OneWeb plan to launch LEO satellites in their thousands,not hundreds,to double the total number of satellites in orbit by 2027.(SpaceX 和 OneWeb计划在2027年前发射数千颗近地轨道卫星,这将使轨道上卫星总数量增加一倍。)”可知,LEO卫星预计将大量增加。2.To deal with debris in space,the author sugges

42、ts _.A.depending entirely on the modern technologyB.monitoring the movement of spaceships carefullyC.strengthening rules to remove old satellites safelyD.destroying all the satellites with problems instantly【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“Rules are needed to deal with old satellites safely from low-Earth-orbi

43、t”可知,为了安全处理老旧的近地轨道卫星,需要制定一些规则。故选C项。3.What does the underlined word“intensify”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Measure.B.Increase.C.Spread.D.Repeat.【解析】选B。词义猜测题。由第四段中句子“But as more of the worlds population comes to rely on the infrastructure of space for access to the Internet,the need for action will

44、intensify”可知,因为世界上越来越多的人依赖太空基础设施提供上网的通路,人们行动的需求将intensify。可推断,依赖太空基础设施的人数增多,因此需求就增强了。故画线词与increase意思相近。4.What is the authors attitude toward the launch of LEO satellites?A.It should be further confirmed for its ownership.B.It should be continued because of its advantages.C.It should be done carefull

45、y to avoid potential risks.D.It should be stopped in face of the space economy.【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“Rules are needed to deal with old satellites safely from low-Earth-orbit.”、第四段最后一句“Measures will surely be taken to protect network security.”及文末最后一句“They must be answered before the space economy ca

46、n truly develop.”可知,关于发射大量的近地轨道卫星,作者认为应该慎重操作,避免潜在的危险。【难句剖析】If there is a simple mistake or a cyber-attack,it may cause a chain reaction which wipes out hundreds of billions of dollars of investment.分析:If引导条件状语从句,句中含有there be句型,主句中 reaction带有which引导的定语从句,which在从句中作主语。翻译:如果有一个简单的错误或网络攻击,它可能会引起连锁反应,摧毁数

47、千亿美元的投资。【微技能点拨】词义猜测题解题时往往借助上下文语境,有时也会运用构词法,大大提高词义猜测的准确性。本文中的intensify所在句的前半句说“因为世界上越来越多的人依赖太空基础设施提供上网的通路”,可知人们对于行动的需求将增强。intense,adj.非常强烈的,紧张的;intensive,adj.加强的,增强的;-fy是形容词转化为动词的一个后缀。结合前半句语意及构词法知识,可推出intensify意为“使增强”。话题词汇orbit轨道,collision 碰撞,satellite 卫星,cyber 网络的,hacker黑客,intensify增强,commercialize商

48、业化短语 launch into 投入,进入;chain reaction连锁反应熟词新义 project v.计划;表达【微语法填空】Space is becoming more crowded.Quite a few low-Earth-orbit(LEO)satellites 1._(launch)into the sky,which are designed to move around the Earth only a few hundred kilometres 2._its surface.SpaceX and OneWeb plan to launch LEO satellit

49、es in their thousands,not hundreds,3._(double)the total number of satellites in orbit by 2027.have been launchedaboveto doubleThat promises to change things on Earth.LEO satellites can bring Internet 4._(connect)to places 5._it is still unavailable.This will also be a source of new demand for the sp

50、ace economy.Morgan Stanley,a bank,projects that the space industry will grow from$350 billion in 2016 to more than$1.1 trillion by 2040.New Internet satellites will account for half this increase.connectivitywhereAs space becomes more 6._(commercial),mind-bending prospects open up:packages moved acr

51、oss the planet in 7._(minute)by rocket rather than by plane,equipment sent to other small planets,passengers 8._(launch)into orbit and beyond.All that and 9._(much)may come,one day.But such activities would raise the same questions as LEO satellites do.They must be answered 10._the space economy can

52、 truly mercializedminuteslaunchedmorebefore.话题与写作假定你是李华,你们班对于是否需要太空探索进行了热烈的讨论。请根据下面的提示,用英语写一篇短文。1.大部分赞成:许多新产品,如气象、通信卫星都直接得益于太空研究,使全球受益匪浅。2.一些人反对:太空探索浪费时间和金钱。3.你的观点。注意:词数80左右。Step 1 写作技巧1.词汇提升(短语优先)。There are many students who believe that space exploration has more advantages.There are _students who

53、 believe that space exploration has more advantages.2.句式多变(用it作形式主语)。However,others think that space exploration is a waste of time and money.However,others think that _.a majority ofit is a waste of time and money to explore space3.思维品质(谚语的使用)。_(凡事都有两面性).In my opinion,though space exploration is a

54、challenge to human beings,it is worth it.Every coin has two sidesStep 2 妙笔成篇Recently,our class had a heated discussion about whether we need space exploration.There are a majority of students who believe that space exploration has more advantages.Many new products,such as weather and communication s

55、atellites,are products of space programs,and they have benefited people all over the world.However,others think that it is a waste of time and money to explore space.They point out the fact that it has cost billions of dollars to carry on the space research,but there have been many mysteries with li

56、ttle information brought back.Every coin has two sides.In my opinion,though space exploration is a challenge to human beings,it is worth it.【加固训练】阅读填句(2021 广州模拟)Much of the work in todays world is accomplished(完成)in teams.Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of

57、 the most talented individuals.1Companies spend millions hiring top business people.Is their money well spent?2They focused on football,basketball and baseball.The results are mixed.For football and basketball,adding talented players to a team proves a good method,but only up to the point where 70%o

58、f the players are top talent;above that level,the teams performance begins to decline.Interestingly,this trend isnt evident in baseball,where additional individual talent keeps improving the teams performance.To explain this phenomenon,the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance

59、by a team requires its members to coordinate(协调)their actions.3In baseball,the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates.They conclude that when task interdependence is high,team performance will suffer when there is too much talent,while individual talent will have positive e

60、ffects on team performance when task interdependence is lower.If a basketball star is,for example,trying to gain a high personal point total,he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate,affecting the teams performance.Young children learning to play team sports a

61、re often told,“There is no I in TEAM.”4Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team,some players may make less effort.Just as in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛),whenever a person is added,everyone else pulls the rope with less force.5An A-team may require a balancenot just A player

62、s,but a few generous B players as well.A.Its not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.B.Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent.C.The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers attention.D.Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sport

63、smanship.E.Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.F.Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.G.This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容的球队比简单地雇用最优秀的人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可

64、能需要一种平衡不仅仅需要最好的球员,也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。1.【解析】选B。上文说“大多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的人”。下文说“公司花费数百万雇用顶级商业人士。”该空承上启下,也是在举例,B选项“运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。”切题,故选B。2.【解析】选E。下文说“它们聚焦足球、篮球和棒球。结果有好有坏。”这些都属于体育方面,该空引出下文,E选项“最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。”切题,故选E。3.【解析】选G。上文说“为了解释这一现象,研究人员探究了一个团队的良好表现在多大程度上需要其成员协调他们的行动。”,下文说明了研究结果,该空承上启下,G选项“这种任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。”切题,故选G。4.【解析】选D。上文说了“一个球星可能会为了个人得分,而影响团队的表现”,该空承接上文,D选项“球星显然没有遵守这条运动员精神的基本原则”切题,故选D。5.【解析】选F。下文说“一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡不仅仅是最好球员,也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。”该空引出下文,F选项“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇用最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”切题,故选F。