2020届高考英语专项练习 专题八《七选五说明类专练》.doc

1、2020届高三英语专项练习专题八：七选五说明类专练第I卷（选择题）（每题2分，共40分）一七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A（考点24中难） The USA is a society formed by many different immigrant cultures that produced a new and mixed culture. Most Americans celebrate different customs which started in other countries and start several new

2、 traditions and cultures._They tend to live independently, and communicate directly, honestly and informally with their families, friends and colleagues.Americans always keep advancing with the times._In America, it is relatively common for both parents to work, and American women are equal partners

3、 in marriage.In the USA, the most common family unit consists of the parents and children living under one roof. Most American children are taught to compete, through organized sports and education, as well as speak out their minds and have confidence to stand up for what they believe in._Many immig

4、rant families also feature several generations living under one roof, with younger family members respecting the elders needs and valuing their opinions.When people from different cultures get married and have children, they may have issues when it comes to maintaining their unique traditions and mi

5、xing shared customs at the same time._However, with a little effort, children in these families can benefit from having both outlooks and traditions. Children who are raised bilingually can also benefit in future careers and learn to make decisions better than monolingual kids.A.Many Americans find

6、happy life is important.B.They are also taught to respect their parents at all costs.C.It can be a challenge to find the perfect balance between cultures.D.According to socialists, the American family culture has many unique aspects.E.American children refuse to follow their parents advice and alway

7、s argue with them.F.Changing rather than sticking to tradition is considered by many Americans as improvement.G.The difference is easy to deal with if parents can meet halfway and stand in the others shoes.B（考点24中难） Istill remember my first time going to the Chinese companys canteen. When I stepped

8、onto the elevator, each one was full of people._ However, there was no sign of fire and people were laughing and talking. I followed the flow of the crowd to the doors of the canteen. It occurred to me that in China everyone has lunch almost at the same time._ The canteen followed this schedule, onl

9、y being open a few hours per day. When I stood in the doorway, I realized I had to act fast or I would be left behind._ Unlike my school lunchroom, here everyone lined up and took a tray, and instead of silverware there were chopsticks and soup spoons. As I was pushed along the line, I saw dishes I

10、didnt recognize and as people cut in line and picked up dishes left and right,_ I ended up taking a pork and cucumber dish and a tofu salad. I have been at my company for over a year and a half._ I have learned what dishes I like, mostly by trial and error, and a lot of the workers know me and say h

11、ello to me. I am still getting used to eating lunch at lunchtime, but I think the schedule definitely helps keep me on track during the day.I wish there were something like this at offices in my hometown.A.I thought I had missed a fire drill.B.There was no emergency; it was just lunchtime.C.I notice

12、d things at lunchtime were a bit different.D.I felt that I needed to make some quick decisions.E.The canteen reminded me of my school lunchroom.F.And now I am glad to say I am more confident in the canteen.G.I was not very familiar with the local food or restaurants in China.C（考点24中难）Earth is home t

13、o around 7,000 languages, around half of which are expected to disappear by2100.Languages disappear for many reasons. Sometimes younger generations stop leaming a language because parents want children to fit in._Native American children of the late-19th century were required to attend boarding scho

14、ols where educators forbade them from speaking their native languages.The United Nations ranks endangered languages according to their risk level. For example, a critically endangered language is one that even grandparents don t speak often. New York s Onondaga language is an example with only 50 sp

15、eakers left. An extinct language has no speakers. It is gone forever. Alaska s Eyak language is one example._In the same way, different languages contribute to cultural diversity. Saving theselanguages benefits our understanding of other cultures. Languages can show how a society looks at the world

16、and what it values. A language may describe something in a way that is funny , too. In Welsh , it rains not cats and dogs , but old wives and walking sticks.The Endangered Language Alliance wants to save languages from disappearing._However,its efforts are limited. If an endangered language is going

17、 to make a real comeback, it ll probably get its start in schools. For nearly 100 years, public schools in Hawaii did not teach theHawaiian language. Now students can keep learning in Hawaiian from elementary schools to college and beyond._At least one did. In 1881, a Jewish linguist named Eliezer B

18、en-Yehuda brought the 3 ,000-year-old language Hebrew back to life. Today it is one of the official languages of the country of Israel,with more than 4 million speakers.A. The last person who spoke it died in 2008.B. Why should we save endangered languages?C. Various animals and plants benefit our e

19、nvironment.D. With just 5 speakers left,it is absolutely endangered.E. Can a language with zero native speakers come back to life?F. Sometimes societies force minorities to give up their language.G. The nonprofit group finds native speakers and records their stories.D（考点24中难） Long, long ago people c

20、ouldnt write and they had no books. But they had stories. People learned the stories by heart and taught new ones to one another. Sometimes it was hard to remember them all. _The ancient Egyptians wrote their stories on something made from papyrus (纸莎草）plants. People in other places learned to use p

21、apyrus from the Egyptians._So parchment (羊皮纸)，made from goatskin， later took its place.In ancient China, books looked a little different. At that time, people there used ink to write on bamboo or silk. And then they invented paper. Made of trees，paper was easier and cheaper to make than papyrus or p

22、archment._Papermaking later spread to the West, but there was a big problem with these early books. Every single one had to be copied and written by hand._They carved (雕刻）a page of words into a piece of wood or stone. They could then print the page by spreading ink on the wood or stone and putting i

23、t against paper. But it wasnt until a German printer invented movable, metal letters that books became fast and easy to make. The letters could be used to print copy after copy, and the letters put together again and again to print different pages of words._ Once a luxury (奢侈品）only the rich could bu

24、y. it soon became a treasure everyone could enjoy,A.But papyrus grew mainly in Egypt.B.It took years to finish making just one book.C.Finally books could be printed by the thousands.D.Things grew a little easier when writing was invented.E.Its surface was smoother and better for writing on too.F.Boo

25、ks in the West didnt change for a long time after that.G.The Chinese were the first to think of a way to speed things up a little.第II卷（非选择题）（每题1.5分，共60分）语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（1）Friendship is one of the most important things in everyones life._is very difficult to find a better defini

26、tion(定义) of friendship. A true friend is the person_考点10 can share all our sadness and double all our happiness. In time of trial(尝试) , he or she is always at our side to give us his or her help and comfort. Knowing how valuable friendship is, we should be very _考点06 (care) with our choice of a frie

27、nd. We should_(choice) those people with a good character as our friends, but we must try to avoid_考点08 (make) friends with a bad man. Besides, we should forgive their mistakes and try to help them as much_possible. A true friend can always _考点09 (trust), loved and respected. If you tell a friend yo

28、ur secrets, he or she will not tell others. Friends share their joys _考点12 unhappiness. They help each other when they are _考点03 trouble, and cheer each other up when they are sad._考点01 most important thing is that a friend always understands you. In conclusion, when you have made a good friend, don

29、t forget him or her.（2）The British Museum, _考点08 (locate) in the Bloomsbury area of London, is the first national public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture. Its permanent collection numbers some 8 million works, making it one of the largest in _ 考点04 (exist). It has been _ 考点06 (wide

30、) sourced , documenting the story of human culture _ 考点03 its beginnings to the present. As with all other national museums in _ 考点01 United Kingdom, it charges no admission fee. Its ownership of some of its most famous objects _ 考点10 originally came from other countries is controversial, particular

31、ly in the case of the Parthenon Marbles. Today the museum no longer houses _考点04 (collection) of natural history,and the books and manuscripts(手稿) once it _考点09 (hold) now form part of the independent British Library, _ 考点12 it still keeps its universality in collections of artificial works _考点08 (r

32、epresent) the cultures of the world, ancient and modern.（3）Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said _was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.After our plane lan

33、ded, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months _考点06 (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We_考点09 (tell)that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week, _考点12 for the week after. I didnt understand _this would happen and my credit card had already

34、 been charged _考点03the reservation. Whats worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was _考点06 (surprise)helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _考点01 top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and

35、 we werent charged extra.The next day, my brother and I went to the beach _考点13 we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little_考点08 (sunburn),but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.（4） The British have many traditions but there is nothing more quintessential (典型的) than taking a

36、fternoon tea. We know the British have a love affair with drinking tea, _考点03/08 more than 160 million cups drunk every day, but it was the invention of afternoon tea that turned tea-drinking into _考点01 popular pastime. This sociable feast involves drinking good quality tea _考点06 (comfort) while nib

37、bling (小口吃) on nice sandwiches, scones with jam and cream and a selection of small cakes. And, of course, it can only happen in the afternoon! Afternoon tea, _考点08 (design) as a light snack to bridge the gap between lunch and dinner, dates back to the 1840s. It went on to become a _考点06 (fashion) so

38、cial occasion for the upper classes. Now there is a resurgence (复苏) in its _考点04 (popular) in the UK and it is available to anyone who can afford it. _考点13 it can be enjoyed at home, the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel of caf. But if youre thinking of visiting such a place _考点08 (enjoy

39、) a plate of sweet and tasty treats with a steaming hot brew, remember the rules you must follow to avoid _考点08 (ask) to leave. Writer Henry James once noted that “there are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour devoted to the ceremony known as afternoon tea”. Im sure once you try it, you _

40、考点09(agree). 参考答案一、七选五A、答案：D; A; F; B; C B、答案：ABEDF解析： 本文讲述了作者第一次在中企餐厅就餐的感受。1.A【解析】根据下文“然而,并没有着火的迹象,人们都有说有笑” 可知,设空处的内容需说明一下为何提到“有着火的迹象”。A项“我本以为我错过了消防演习”解释了为何作者会认为应该出现着火的情况,故选A项。2.B【解析】根据“我突然想起在中国每一个人几乎都在同一时间吃午饭”和下文“餐厅遵守着这个时间表”可知,B项“根本没有什么紧急情况,只不过是午饭时间而已”符合语境,故选B项。3.E【解析】下文“每个人排着队,拿着一个托盘,还有筷子和汤匙而不是银餐

41、具”描述的是买饭时的场景,由此可知,E项“这个餐厅让我想起我的学校的餐厅”是对作者看到的餐厅场景的总结,且E项中的school lunchroom与下文呼应,故选E项。4.D【解析】根据上文中描述的周围同事取菜的场景和下文中提到的“我最终选择了黄瓜炒肉和豆腐沙拉”可知,设空处应该与作者取午餐相关,D项“我觉得我应该快速作决定”是对作者取到午餐前的心理描写,符合语境,故选D项。5.F【解析】根据设空前的“我在公司已经一年半多了”以及设空后的“主要是通过反复摸索以后,我已经知道了我喜欢吃什么菜,许多员工也认识我了并且和我打招呼”可知,该段的内容是对作者熟悉在中企工作后的描写,F项“现在我可以很高兴

42、地说我在餐厅更加自信了”是对作者熟悉中餐厅后的描写,故选F项。 C、答案：F; A; C; G; E解析：1.由第二段内容可知,整段都在说明语言消失的原因,所以小题1也是在陈述语言消失的原因。故F选项切题。2.由.An extinct language has no speakers. It is gone forever. Alaska s Eyak language is one example.可知,已经灭绝的语言没有说种这语言的人了。它永远消失了。阿拉斯加语言就是一个例子。所以小题2说的是:说这种语言的最后一人死于2008年,这种语言也就永远消失了。 符合对前文的解释。故A选项切题。3

43、.由第三段可知,第三段主要在讲述人们受益于不同种的语言。再由in the same way可知,小题3在讲述各种动植物有益于环境,以此说明多种语言也有益于人类。故C选项切题。4.由The Endangered Language Alliance wants to save languages from disappearing.可知,这个濒临灭绝语言联盟希望挽救这些即将消失的语言。小题2要说明他们具体的做法。故G选项切题。5.由 At least one did. In 1881, a Jewish linguist named Eliezer Ben-Yehuda brought the 3

44、 ,000-year-old language Hebrew back to life. Today it is one of the official languages of the country of Israel, with more than 4 million speakers.可知,至少有一种语言做到了。在1881年,一位名叫Eliezer Ben-Yehuda的犹太语言学家使这个有3千年历史的希伯来语复活。今天,它是以色列的官方语言之一,有400多万使用者。所以通过回答和举例说明,我们可以判断出小题5要问“没有人说的语言能复活吗?”。故E选项切题。 D、答案：DAEGC解析：

45、1. D提示：根据第二段第句 The ancient Egyptians wrote their stories on something made from papyrus plants.(古埃及人把他们的故事写在用纸莎草这种植物制作的东西上。）可知，第一段的最后一句承接第一段的内容并引起第二段的内容，所以应该填与“把故事写下来”相关的内容。2.A提示:根据前后文，由于纸莎草做的东西可以记录故事，所以其他地方的人也想采用这种方式.后文又提到一种羊皮纸后来取代了纸莎草，说明其他地方的人得到纸莎草不容易，才会选择转代物，A项符合语境。3.E提示：根据前一句 Made of trees，paper

46、 was easier and cheaper to make than papyrus or parchment.(用树木制造的纸，相比纸莎草和羊皮纸更加便宜和容易制作。）可知，这一段是在讲用树木制作的纸的特点。4.G提示:这一空为句首的句子，所以结合整段内容可知，这一段是在讲述怎样让书的制造过程更加简易迅速。结合选项G中的 speed 可以得出答案。5.C提示:此处为最后一段的首句,结合全文可知，这一段对于书的发展史进行了总结，C项符合语境，现在的书可以成千上万的复制印刷。二、语法填空 （1）答案：It; who; careful; choose; making; as; be trust

47、ed; and; in; The （2）答案：1. located 2. existence 3. widely 4. from 5.the 6.that 7. collections 8.held 9.but 10. representing解析： 本文主要叙述了位于伦敦布卢姆斯伯里地区的大英博物馆,它是第一个致力于人类历史、艺术和文化的国家公共博物馆,且不收取费用。1.located【解析】考查词性转换。be located in.为固定搭配,意为“坐落于,位于”,本句为从句“which is located in”的省略句,去掉了which is,故填 located。2.existen

48、ce【解析】考查词性转换,句意:它的永久藏品数量大约为800万,使它成为现存的最大的博物馆之一。in existence为固定短语,意为“现存”。3.widely【解析】考查副词。修饰动词sourced应用副词作状语,故填 widely。4.from【解析】考查介词。from. to.为固定搭配,意为“从 到”。句意:它的来源广泛,记录了人类文化从开始到现在的故事。故填from。5.the【解析】考査冠词。the United Kingdom为固定用法,意为“英国”,故填the。6.that【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知,句中的its most famous objects是先行词,空

49、处在定语从句中作主语,指物,且先行词被形容词最高级修饰,所以要用that引导定语从句。7.collections【解析】考査名词的单复数。 collection是可数名词,此处指很多的收藏品,故填复数形式collections。8. held【解析】考査时态。分析句子可知,空处是谓语动词,与it是主谓关系,根据时间状语once可知,本句要用一般过去时,故填held。9.but【解析】考査连词。分析语境可知,本句与前面的句子是转折关系,是今昔对比,因此要填but。10.representing【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词keeps,故此处的represent在句中修饰名

50、词collections of artificial works,两者是主谓关系,故填representing。 （3）答案：it ; earlier; were told; but; why; for; surprisingly; the; where; sunburnt/sunburned 解析：分析句子结构可知,这是指前面Miami(迈阿密),所以用指示代词it。根据上文的six months可知,这里是说他们六个月前就预定了房间,所以这里用early的比较级。根据上下文的内容可知,这里的tell与主语we是被动关系,应该用一般过去时的被动语态。分析句子结构可知,这里是not.but.(

51、不是而是)的配搭。此处是宾语从句,根据上下文的内容可知,表示疑问,所以用why。“要价;收费”是固定配搭。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰后面的形容词helpful,所以要用副词形式。分析句子结构可知,是特指那里顶层的VIP房间,所以用定冠词。修饰beach,并在从句中作地点状语,所以用where引导。充当表语,而且主语是人,所以用动词的-ed形式。 （4）答案：with; a; comfortably; designed; fashionable; popularity; Though / Although/While; to enjoy; being asked; will agree解析：英国

52、人有喝下午茶的习惯。本文主要介绍了英国下午茶的文化。1.with 考查with复合结构。分析句子结构可知,这句话是with复合结构,即“with+宾语+过去分词”,故填with。2.a 考査冠词。根据语境可知,这里泛指“一种受欢迎的消遣”,故用不定冠词,且popular是以辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。fortably 考査副词。修饰动词短语drink good quality tea应用副词。故填comfortably。4.designed 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是date,故空处应填非谓语动词形式作定语修饰afternoon tea,且afternoon tea和d

53、esign之间是动宾关系,故应用过去分词作定语。5.fashionable 考査形容词。分析句子可知,空处修饰名词occasion ,故应用所给词的形容词形式fashionable。6.popularity 考査名词。由空前的形容词性物主代词its可知, 空处应填所给词的名词形式,且popularity是不可数名词。故填popularity。7.Though/Although/While 考查连词。根据语境可知,前半句表示的是“可以在家里亨受它”。而后半句表示的是“最好的体验它的方式是在一家高档的酒店或咖啡店”,前后是让步关系,故用表示让步的连词。8.to enjoy 考查非谓语动词。由句意及句子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。所以填to enjoy。9.being asked 考杳非谓语动词。avoid后面接动词-ing形式作宾语,且you和ask to leave之间是动宾关系,故填being asked。10.will agree 考查时态。句意:我保证你只要试过之后,就会同意的。句中once引导的是条件状语从句,用的是一般现在时,由“主将从现”的原则可知,主句应用一般将来时。故填will agree。