2019年英语新同步人教必修五讲义：UNIT 1 SECTION Ⅲ GRAMMAR—过去分词作定语和表语 WORD版含答案.doc

1、Section_Grammar_过去分词作定语和表语语法图解探究发现But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.From the stomac

2、h the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.He was determined to find out why.He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not b

3、e used.With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the germs.我的发现(1)例句中的过去分词(短语)作定语。(2)例句中为单个的过去分词作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的前面；例句中过去分词短语作定语，常常放于被修饰名词的后面。(3)例句中的过去分词在句中作表语。一、过去分词作定语1过去分词作定语时的位置(1)前置定语一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。The polluted water was to blam

4、e for the spread of cholera. 被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。The recovered animals will be released soon.痊愈的动物会很快被释放。名师点津有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的), given(所给的), concerned(有关的)等。There are few tigers left. It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from dying out.剩余的老虎不多了，是

5、相关当局采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。Is there anything unsolved?还有什么没解决的吗？(2)后置定语过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。Last Tuesday in a mountainous area, there were a total of 173 sheep killed almost immediately (which were killed almos

6、t immediately) when lightning struck.上周二在一个山区，当雷击发生时有173只羊即刻被雷电击死。即时演练1(1)用所给词的适当形式填空(2017北京高考改编)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time spent (spend) with his students.(2016浙江高考改编)To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study conducted (conduct) in Austr

7、alia in 2012.(2015全国卷语法填空)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.(2)同义句转换He is a teacher loved by his students. He is a teacher who_is_loved_by_his_students.The girl, who was brought up b

8、y her uncle, has begun to work now.The girl, brought_up_by_her_uncle,_has begun to work now.2过去分词作定语时的意义(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof. (表示被动)卡车与公共汽车皆烧煤气，煤气装在车顶上的大袋中。The plan put forward at the meeting will b

9、e carried out soon. (表示被动和完成) 会上提出的计划将很快被执行。(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。Our retired soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week.上周我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning.早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀。即时演练2选择填空过去分词作定语有三种情况：A只表示被动B只表示完成C既表示被动又表示完成请判断下列句子中加黑部分属于哪种情况America

10、is a developed country._B_I found it hard to understand the English spoken by the native villagers._A_Is there anything planned for the weekend？_C_3过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别意义形式语态 时态过去分词被动完成现在分词主动进行As we all know, China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。The visitor came from a developed country. 这位游客来自于

11、一个发达国家。即时演练3用分词作定语补全句子Even though it is still in summer, there are many_fallen_leaves on the ground.尽管仍是夏天，但地上有很多的落叶。Nowadays there are a lot of manmade satellites flying_in_space. 如今在太空中有许许多多人造卫星在飞行。4过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别意义形式语态时态done被动完成being done被动进行to be do

12、ne被动尚未发生The building built last year is our classroom building.去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。The building being built now is our classroom building.现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。The building to be built next month is our classroom building.下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。即时演练4用所给词的适当形式填空The cars being_sold (sell) at the market now are made in

13、Guangzhou.Tsinghua University, founded (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.(2014北京高考改编)There are still many problems to_be_solved (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.二、过去分词作表语1过去分词作表语的用法过去分词可放在连系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, look, become等之后作表语，表示主语所

14、处的状态。He looked worried after reading the letter.看完信后，他显得很忧虑。When we heard of it, we were deeply moved.当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。即时演练5(1)用所给词的适当形式填空(2016浙江高考改编)Are you sure youre ready for the test?No problem. Im well prepared (prepare) for it.(2014广东高考语法填空)We got a little sunburned/sunburnt_ (sunburn), but

15、the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind. (2014安徽高考改编)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty. (2)补全句子Why do you always look_tired?你为什么总是看上去很疲劳？I was_disappointed at the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better. 我对昨晚看的电影

16、很失望。我原以为它能好些。2过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。The cup is broken.杯子破了。(系表结构)The cup was broken by Tom.杯子是汤姆打破的。(被动语态)即时演练6对比翻译这本书写得很好。The_book_is_well_written.这本书是他去年写的。The_book_was_written_by_him_last_year.3感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多

17、用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。常用的这类词有： We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。His words were discouraging, which made many people discouraged.他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。即时演练7用所给词的适当形式填空The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened by the frightenin

18、g scene.(frighten)The news was exciting and they were all excited at it.(excite)We all felt encouraged at the encouraging news.(encourage)The audience were all moved to tears by the moving film.(move).单句语法填空1(2015北京高考改编) The park was full of people, enjoying (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.2(2014

19、浙江高考改编)Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed (appoint) to guard her. 3(2014重庆高考改编)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned (return) to our shop for quality problems. 4(2014全国卷语法填空)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and som

20、e of them looked very anxious and disappointed (disappoint). 5(2014福建高考改编)For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying connected (connect). 6(2013湖南高考改编)You cannot accept an opinion offered (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.7If you get

21、 lost (lose) in a strange place, youd better not move and wait for help there.8The puzzled expression on his face showed that the question was puzzling.(puzzle)9The student likes reading stories written (write) by the famous writer.10Many used (use) computers will be sold in this market.单句写作1(2017天津

22、高考书面表达)In_order_to/To_be_a_qualified_volunteer,_I have to improve myself by reading some books about Tianjin so as to know more about it.为了成为一名合格的志愿者，我不得不阅读一些关于天津的书籍来了解更多的相关信息以提高自己。2(2015福建高考书面表达)The moral of the story is: spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never_get_discouraged_easily no matt

23、er how difficult the situation may be.故事的寓意是：尽最大努力获取知识，不管情况多么艰难，都不要轻易失去信心。3(2015北京高考书面表达)If_you_are_interested_in_it,_let me know and Ill send you more information.如果你对此感兴趣，请告知我，我会给你发送更多信息。4(2014湖南高考书面表达)So excited_was_I that I couldnt wait to try wearing them.我太激动了，迫不及待地想穿上它们。5(2014陕西高考书面表达)We are/

24、feel_honoured to have you here in the middle of our English Week Activities.您能来参加我们的英语周活动，我们深感荣幸。6With reference to your_advertised_position,_I have the pleasure to say that I am the just person you are asking for.关于您做广告的职位，我很高兴地说，我就是那个您要找的人。7As for the phenomenon mentioned_above,_some people suppor

25、t it while others do not.关于上文提到的现象，有些人支持，而有些人反对。8The players selected_from_the_whole_country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.人们期待这些选自全国的运动员在夏季比赛中能给我们带来荣耀。.语法填空A motto is a sentence or a phrase _1_ can inspire us especially when we are _2_ (face) with difficulties. Many of us have

26、mottoes, such as “Where there is a will, there is a way.” or “Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.” and so on. My motto is “God helps those who help _3_.” Sometimes I am lazy and dont want to make efforts _4_ (work) hard, _5_ the moment I think of my motto I will get energetic again a

27、nd devote myself _6_ what I am doing. I write my motto _7_ I can see it easily. Every time I fail in my exam and begin to lose heart, my motto inspires me with much _8_ (confident). My motto also makes me become _9_ independent person. That is to say, I wont rely on others easily. My friends, what is your motto? If you still havent got a motto, please choose one because a motto can have a great effect _10_ you.答案：1.that/which2.faced3.themselves4.towork5.but6.to7.where8.confidence9.an10.on