2020届《名师金典》高考人教版英语总复习课时提升作业 十四 必修3 UNIT 4 WORD版含解析.doc

1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。课时提升作业 十四必修3Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars(限时35分钟). 阅读理解AFor your next out-of-this-world vacation, you now have the option of literally going out of this worldbut itll cost you $40 million. Then again, can you really put a pric

2、e tag on having the time of your life? According to a new report from Popular Mechanics, Russia is looking to build a luxury hotel in outer space. There you will wake up to a breathtaking blue planetthe earth! The hotel is expected to be stationed on the International Space Station (ISS). While spac

3、e tourism itself isnt exactly a novel idea, the notion of building a hotel out there hasnt been raised before. Really, other companies are still focused on the transportation part of the puzzle after all, a trip to space is enough for most folks. According to Popular Mechanics, the hotel will includ

4、e a luxury orbital suite with big windows, personal hygiene (卫生) facilities, exercise equipment, and yes, Wi-fi. Because if you cant share your experience on social media, did it really even happen? Of course, the reasons behind the hotel arent just for fun and games. Apparently, space tourism might

5、 be able to help the Russians pay for another module to add to the international Space Station. Russian space contractor RKK Energia is currently building the first such module, which will give scientists a laboratory and power supply station from which to conduct tests. If any of this is going to h

6、appen, however, Russia is going to have to hurry. With the ISS expected to be out of use in 2028, theres little time to build the hotel and find wealthy tourists to actually buy a trip into outer space. So if youve recently come into a fortune and are interested in investing in what could be the tim

7、e of your life, ISS is calling your name. 【文章大意】本文讲述的是“太空旅行”。1. What do we know about the hotel from the first paragraph? A. It is quite affordable. B. It will be built in Russia. C. It will offer an amazing view. D. It costs $ 40 million to build. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段中There you will wake up to a brea

8、thtaking blue planetthe earth! 可知, 它将提供令人惊讶的景色。故选C。2. What does the underlined phrase “the puzzle” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. An orbital suite. B. Space tourism. C. Space exploration. D. A creative idea. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据第二段中While space tourism itself isnt exactly a novel idea, the notion of building

9、 a hotel out there hasnt been raised before. Really, other companies are still focused on the transportation part of the puzzleafter all, a trip to space is enough for most folks. 可知, “the puzzle”指的是“太空旅游”, 故选B。3. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3? A. Hotel guests wont be able to see into space.

10、 B. Visitors are required to take exercise each day. C. Space travel is not possible without the Internet. D. Tourists tend to share traveling experiences online. 【解析】 选D。推理判断题。根据第三段中Because if you cant share your experience on social media, did it really even happen? 可知, 游客们喜欢在网上分享旅行经历。4. The hotel

11、 will be built to provide Russian scientists with _. A. fun and gamesB. financial supportC. space contractorsD. more time in space【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段中Apparently, space tourism might be able to help the Russians pay for another module to add to the international Space Station. 可知, 该酒店将为俄罗斯科学家提供资金支持。故选

12、B。【知识拓展】难句解读Russian space contractor RKK Energia is currently building the first such module, which will give scientists a laboratory and power supply station from which to conduct tests. 翻译: 俄国航空承包商RKK Energia最近正在建这样的航空舱, 这座航空舱将给科学家提供实验室和给实验提供能源的供应站。分析: 本句中which will give scientists a laboratory an

13、d power supply station from which to conduct tests为定语从句修饰the first such module, 在定语从句中from which to conduct tests也是定语从句修饰前面的power supply station。BYou may have never heard of Lanthanum, Cerium or Neodymium, but these elements (元素) and others known as “rare earth” play a major role in modern technolog

14、y. They can actually be found in many places on the earth, but not in quantities that can be mined. Only a few countriesChina, America, India, Australia, Brazil and Malaysia have any that can be mined enough to be traded. Even though some of these elements such as Cerium are as abundant as Copper, t

15、hey are not found in concentrated amounts on the earths surface. They are often mixed together with other metals, which makes extraction (提取) of these elements an expensive and an environmentally messy process. It was due to this reason that the term “rare earth” was invented. Rare earth metals are

16、used widely in our life. Rechargeable car batteries, computers, iPhones, DVD players, computer monitors, televisions, lighting, lasers, glass polishing, and superconductors all use quantities of rare earth metals. Also, with the advancement in “green” technology like solar panels, these shiny materi

17、als are becoming more important than ever. An average electric car uses 10 pounds of Lanthanum for its rechargeable battery! America has large deposits (存储量) of rare earths and has one of the first mines. It was opened in Southern California in 1940. The element “Europium” was the first metal to be

18、separated in quantity for use in color televisions. However, in the 1980s and 1990s, as China started producing these elements in Inner Mongolia, the mines in America and elsewhere could not keep pace. The mine in Mountain Pass, California also failed environmental regulations and shut down in 2002.

19、 Now, recognizing the importance of having more than one supplier of this important resource, other rare earth owning countries like India and Australia are either dusting off their rare earth mines or speeding up their production. It is believed that the debate over rare earths will become louder i

20、n the coming months and years. 【文章大意】文章主要就稀土的相关情况进行了简单的介绍。5. What can we learn about rare earths? A. They are actually as abundant as Copper. B. They can be mined easily as other metals. C. They can only be found in a few countries. D. They are not really as rare as they are named. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第二段

21、中的They are often mixed together with other metals . . . due to this reason that the term “rare earth” was invented. 可知, 稀土其实并非像其名字一样说的十分稀少, 只是因为和其它金属掺杂在了一起而导致其开采成本变高, 故而显得稀少, 所以选D。6. Compared with China, America _. A. paid more attention to EuropiumB. has larger deposits of rare earthsC. started pro

22、ducing rare earths earlierD. has more rare earth mines【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第四段中的America . . . has one of the first mines. It was opened in Southern California in 1940和in the 1980s and 1990s, as China started producing these elements可知, 美国对稀土的开采利用要早于中国, 故选C。7. It can be inferred from the text that rare eart

23、hs _. A. are now in great demandB. can now be used in few fieldsC. are harmful to the environmentD. will soon be replaced by other metals【解析】选A。推理判断题。由最后一段中的other rare earth owning countries like India and Australia are either dusting off their rare earth mines or speeding up their production. 可知, 印

24、度和澳大利亚这些国家都在抓紧开采各自的稀土资源, 所以可以推知目前各国对于稀土的需求量都很大, 故选A。【知识拓展】词汇积累1. actually实际上; 事实上2. element元素; 因素3. abundant丰富的4. surface表面5. process过程; 加工6. material材料7. quantity数量8. regulation规则9. resource资源10. production生产; 产量. 完形填空Abby Harris has a dream. But unlike most ordinary 15-year-old girls, Abbys dream

25、has 1 to do with expensive shopping, meeting her 2 boy bands or throwing huge parties with her friends. This US teenager wants to be the 3 astronaut to walk on Mars. And shes using the 4 of social media to make sure that she gets there. According to Abbys Internet blog, Astronaut Abby, she has wante

26、d to be a(n) 5 since she was 5 years old. She 6 more in the post People Say Im A Dreamer: “When youre young and you have that big a dream, most people just 7 you. But I stuck with it. I made plans, I worked hard and I 8 on my goal. As I got older and continued to stay focused on science, technology,

27、 engineering and math(STEM), people in my life(my family, friends, teachers), began to notice and 9 me to dream big. I had huge ambitions, and was 10 to have people around me telling me that I could achieve them. In the seventh grade, Abby 11 a Twitter account as part of a history project she was do

28、ing on the International Space Station. She 12 wanted to use Twitter to get in touch with NASA employees, but soon she found that it was a 13 place for her to write about her dreams, connect with others who have interest in space and 14 pictures of projects that she was working on. Her connections o

29、n Twitter then 15 her to create her website and blog, Astronaut Abby, located at astronautabby. com. Several years ago, Abby 16 Italian astronaut Luca Parmitano at an airport and 17 him into becoming her mentor(导师). Abby is obviously doing everything she can to make her 18 a reality. Want to help he

30、r along? You can visit her 19 to learn more about this amazing girl and her 20 dream. 【文章大意】本文主要讲了一个女孩在五岁的时候就梦想着成为一名宇航员并且去火星, 最开始别人对她的梦想没有在意, 后来亲戚朋友都坚信她的梦想能够实现, 她为了梦想不停地努力。这篇文章告诉我们有了梦想就要坚持, 相信坚持就能成功。1. A. somethingB. nothingC. everythingD. anything【解析】选B。推理判断题。通过后文可知小女孩想去火星, 而不是去奢侈购物, have nothing t

31、o do with 与无关。2. A. bestB. topC. favoriteD. worst【解析】选C。词义辨析题。best最好的; top顶端的; favorite 最喜欢的; worst最差的。句意: 和最喜欢的乐队男孩见面。3. A. firstB. lastC. youngestD. oldest【解析】选A。推理判断题。通过上下文可知小女孩想成为第一个去火星的宇航员。4. A. energyB. abilityC. strengthD. power【解析】选D。词义辨析题。energy能量, 精力; ability能力; strength力气; power力量。句意: 她正在

32、利用媒体的力量到达那儿。5. A. bloggerB. astronautC. dreamerD. star【解析】选B。上下照应题。根据上文This US teenager wants to be the _astronaut to walk on Mars. 可知, 自从她五岁时就想成为一名宇航员。6. A. arguesB. agreesC. explainsD. explores【解析】选C。词义辨析题。argue争论; agree同意; explain解释; explore探索。句意: 她在邮件中解释了更多。7. A. believeB. blameC. praiseD. ignor

33、e【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。通过后文But I stuck with it. 可知当你那样小却有那样大的一个梦想, 大多数人都会忽略你。8. A. tookB. focusedC. countedD. lived【解析】选B。固定搭配题。句意: 我做计划, 我努力学习, 集中于目标。focus on“集中于, 专注于”, 为固定短语。9. A. pushedB. preventedC. encouragedD. discouraged【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。push推; prevent阻止; encourage鼓励; discourage丧失勇气。句意: 人们开始注意到并且鼓励我。10. A

34、. anxiousB. confidentC. determinedD. fortunate【解析】选D。词义辨析题。anxious焦虑的; confident自信的; determined有决心的; fortunate幸运的。句意: 我有大的志向, 很幸运我周围的人都告诉我能实现梦想。11. A. set upB. built upC. made upD. took up【解析】选A。词义辨析题。set up创立; build up建造; make up制成; take up从事。句意: 在七年级的时候, Abby创建了一个Twitter账号作为她正在做的关于国际空间站的历史项目的一部分。1

35、2. A. rapidlyB. originallyC. rarelyD. finally【解析】选B。逻辑推理题。rapidly快速地; originally最初地; rarely稀有地; finally最终地。这里的意思是: 她最初想用Twitter和NASA的雇员联系。13. A. comfortableB. realC. greatD. quiet【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。根据上下文可知此处指的是小女孩不久发现这是写她的梦想、和其他对太空感兴趣的人联系的一个好场所。14. A. shareB. drawC. takeD. stick【解析】选A。词义辨析题。share分享; draw绘

36、画; take拿; stick粘贴。这里指的是和他人分享她正在进行的项目的图片。15. A. persuadedB. stoppedC. madeD. helped【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。根据语境可知她在Twitter上的联系帮助她创造了她的网站和博客。16. A. came afterB. came acrossC. came intoD. came at【解析】选B。词义辨析题。come after紧跟; come across 碰巧遇到; come into进来; come at袭击, 得到。句意: 几年前, 艾比在机场碰巧遇到了意大利的宇航员Luca。17. A. talkedB.

37、forcedC. trappedD. fooled【解析】选A。固定搭配题。talk sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事。这里指的是说服他成为自己的导师。18. A. planB. mediaC. dreamD. life【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。句意: 艾比在做着每一件能使她的梦想实现的事情。19. A. websiteB. homeC. schoolD. city【解析】选A。上下照应题。根据上文create her website and blog可知此处是登陆她的网站。20. A. awesomeB. absurdC. awkwardD. awful【解析】选A。词

38、义辨析题。awesome令人敬畏的, 极好的; absurd荒谬的; awkward尴尬的; awful可怕的。这里指的是她那了不起的梦想。【知识拓展】如何成为美国宇航员在美国, 要想成为宇航员, 首先要通过一系列严格的体检, 然后进入约翰逊空间中心接受两年的训练。美国的宇航员分成两种: 航天驾驶员和任务专家。约翰逊中心每两年招收一次宇航员候选人。要成为宇航员候选人必须有美国国籍(任务专家中也有来自国外的宇航员); 并拥有正规院校的工程学、生物学、物理学、医学、地理学或是数学等学科的学士以上学位; 必须会游泳; 身高要在1. 62米至1. 93米之间; 要成为航天驾驶员还必须有至少宇航1 00

39、0个小时的飞行经验, 有试飞经验更佳。. 语法填空阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Han Dynasty is one of the most important 1. _(dynasty) in Chinese history. There are many 2. _(wonder) achievements during this period. It was the first Chinese dynasty 3. _(open) its door to other cultures 4. _ its foreign trade was prosp

40、erous. The Silk Road opened up in the Han Dynasty 5. _(lead) to the Middle and Western Asia and even Rome. Various forms of art blossomed during the period 6. _ many great works on literature, history and philosophy appeared. The publishing of Chinas first dictionary 7. _(be) completed in 100AD; it

41、contains 9, 000 Chinese characters. At 8. _ same time, great progress 9. _ (make) in science and technology was really amazing. The Han Dynasty lasted 400 years. However, the rulers corruption (腐败) eventually resulted in 10. _(it) destruction. 【文章大意】本文介绍了汉朝繁荣兴盛的历史。1. 【解析】dynasties。one of + 可数名词的复数形式

42、, 是固定用法, 所以填dynasties。 2. 【解析】 wonderful。考查形容词。修饰名词achievements, 用形容词, 所以填wonderful。 3. 【解析】 to open。考查不定式作定语。当名词前有序数词和last等修饰时, 要用动词不定式作后置定语。4. 【解析】 and。考查连词。它是中国向其他文化打开大门的第一个朝代, 并且它的外贸非常的繁荣。表示并列关系, 所以用连词and。 5. 【解析】 led。考查非谓语动词。lead与其逻辑主语The Silk Road之间是被动关系, 所以用过去分词作定语。6. 【解析】 when。考查时间状语从句。当许多伟大的文学、历史和哲学作品出现的时候, 不同的艺术形式开始在那个时期繁荣。表示“当时候”, 所以用when。 7. 【解析】was。考查时态及主谓一致。由时间状语的100AD以及主语为单数, 可知答案。8. 【解析】 the。考查固定用法。At the same time同时, 是固定用法。 9. 【解析】 made。考查非谓语动词。 make与其逻辑主语great progress之间是被动关系, 所以用过去分词作定语, 填made。 10. 【解析】 its。考查代词。然而, 统治者的腐败最终导致了它的灭亡。表示“它的”, 所以填its。关闭Word文档返回原板块