2022版新教材英语人教版选择性必修第二册基础训练：UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS SECTION Ⅳ EXPANDING YOUR WORLD WORD版含答案.docx

1、课时评价作业基础达标练. 单句填空1.Their helpers are gifted （gift） with amazing power of patience.2.The blood on his shoes was a proof （prove） of his guilt.3.The findings （find） of the commission have not yet been made public.4.Ill ask my personal assistant （assist） to deal with this.5.If the primary infection （inf

2、ect） is not treated, further outbreaks may occur. 同义替换multiple; come down with; transform; above all; handle; infect; subscribe to; substantial1.It is not possible to spread the disease to another person through kissing. infect 2.How much did you donate to the disaster fund? subscribe to 3.He went t

3、hrough many difficulties, which didnt cast him down. multiple 4.The young boss has the ability to deal with the difficult problem. handle 5.New economic development policies led to fairly large and rapid growth. substantial 6.She tried changing literature into braille for blind readers. transforming

4、 7.I suffered from flu and was unable to go to work. came down with 8.Most of all, you should keep it in mind to be temperate when eating and drinking. Above all . 完成句子1.随着他们的兴趣被大大激发，我开始教他们如何泡茶。With their interest greatly sparked, I began to teach them how to make tea .2.这次会议如此重要，以至于我们每一个人都得出席。This

5、meeting is so important that every one of us should attend it.3.似乎没有人知道公园里发生了什么事。 It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park.4.没有什么东西比时间更宝贵。 Nothing is more precious than time .5.我看见他把钥匙插进锁孔、转动钥匙，然后打开了门。 I saw him put the key into the lock, turn it and open the door.素养综合练. 阅读理解（2020安徽高

6、二上期末联考）Jerome Karle and Isabella Lugoski met in their first physical chemistry class at the University of Michigan in 1940. Jerome Karle was in his first year of doctoral work, and Isabella Lugoski was in her last year as an undergraduate（本科生）， and they were laboratory partners. However, they didnt

7、get along well at first.Isabella Lugoski looked back on the past, “I walked into the physical chemistry laboratory and there was a young man at the desk next to mine with his equipment all set up running his experiment. I didnt think I was very polite about my question. I asked him how he got there

8、early and had everything all set up. He didnt like that. So we didnt talk to each other for a while.”Their relationship got going as they competed for the top grade in that course and they started to build a connection because both of them were interested in chemistry. They got married in 1942. By 1

9、946, both of the Karles had earned doctorates in physical chemistry, and, after a period of time at the University of Chicago working on the Manhattan Project, they moved to Washington D.C. to join the United States Naval Research Laboratory.Each specialized in a different aspect of X-ray crystallog

10、raphy（晶体学）：Jerome focused on developing equations（方程式） that could determine how atoms（原子） were arranged inside complex mol ecules, while Isabella ran practical experiments to test how well the equations worked. Working together, they created what is now called the direct method for determining mol e

11、cular structures（分子结构），which has allowed scientists to effectively study and copy complex organic mol ecules to continue further study.Jerome Karle was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1985. Although he was disappointed that the Nobel committee had ignored Isabellas contribution to that work

12、, she was unfazed. At that point, she had already won more awards and prize money for her experimental work than he had.1.What did Isabella Lugoski do when she first met Jerome Karle?A.She blamed him for his being late.B.She set up all his equipment for him.C.She asked him a question impolitely.D.Sh

13、e observed his experiment silently.2.What made Jerome Karle and Isabella Lugoski become connected?A.Their common interest in chemistry.B.Their wonderful marriage in 1942.C.Their first pleasant talk in a laboratory.D.Their successful cooperation in courses.3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly intended to sho

14、w?A.The Karles encouraging further study.B.The Karles good teamwork in science.C.How the Karles worked with others.D.Why the Karles won the Nobel Prize.4.Which of the following best explains the underlined word “unfazed” in the last paragraph?A.Generous.B.Touched.C.Shocked.D.Calm.答案：1.C 解析：1.语篇解读 本文

15、主要叙述了Jerome Karle和Isabella Lugoski这两位科学家的相关内容。【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第二段中I didnt think I was very polite about my question. I asked him how he got there early and had everything all set up. （我觉得我的问题不太礼貌。我问他怎么这么早到那儿，并且把一切都安排好了。）可知应选C。答案：2.A 解析：2.【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第三段中they started to build a connection

16、 because both of them were interested in chemistry. （他们开始建立联系，因为他们两个都对化学感兴趣。）可知应选A。答案：3.B解析：3.【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第四段中的Jerome focused onwhile Isabella ran practical experimentsWorking together可知，第四段主要展示了夫妇俩在科学上的良好合作。故选B。答案：4.D 解析：4.【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】画线词所在的主句与从句在意思上是转折关系, 由此推断出，尽管Isabella的贡献被忽视了, 但是她

17、很平静。故画线词的意思是“平静的, 冷静的”。故选D。深度解析词汇积累1. doctoral adj.博士的；博士学位的2. for a while 暂时3. specialize vi.专门从事；专攻4. at that point 就在那时难句分析原句：Working together, they created what is now called the direct method for determining molecular structures（分子结构），which has allowed scientists to effectively study and copy c

18、omplex organic mol ecules to continue further study.句意：他们一起工作，创造了现在被称为确定分子结构的直接方法，这使科学家能够有效地研究和复制复杂的有机分子，以继续深入研究。分析：这是一个主从复合句。what引导宾语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the direct method。. 完形填空It was New Year time. We were travelling in a van （小型货车） distributing toys to the homeless. When we 1 the spot, someth

19、ing caught my eye. Something or someone was moving in the rubbish. Soon I 2 that it was the home of a poor family. There were two 3 , both about my age at the time, and a lady I supposed to be their mother. They sat there hopelessly.As a little girl myself I was 4 interested in the little girl. How

20、5 our lives were. She lived for the day, 6 through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach. I was well looked after and never had to worry about 7 . I had a good education and thus a 8 future. I looked at the little girl. The only 9 she had was the worn-out dress that she was wearing. Seeing t

21、his little girl I made the decision to give away a doll that had belonged to me for a while. When the van came to a 10 , I stepped out, called the girl over and placed the doll in her hand. At first she looked at me with 11 and wasnt certain what to do, but then she smiled and I saw 12 in her eyes.

22、I went back into the vehicle and we started to 13 off, and thats when we realized the little girl was running 14 . We stopped again and opened the door. The girl had 15 with us. She looked directly at me and said two simple words “Thank You”.1.A.leftB.changed C.choseD.approached2.A.guaranteedB.reali

23、zed C.decidedD.accepted3.A.boysB.children C.driversD.adults4.A.stillB.less C.especiallyD.probably5.A.similarB.different C.difficultD.ordinary6.A.searchingB.gettingC.runningD.breaking7.A.foodB.safetyC.healthD.transport8.A.doubtfulB.distant C.promisingD.foreseeable9.A.presentB.decoration C.requirement

24、D.possession10.A.stationB.stop C.streetD.signal11.A.angerB.pain C.surpriseD.disappointment12.A.hopeB.loneliness C.anxietyD.astonishment13.A.walkB.getC.liftD.drive14.A.behindB.awayC.outD.in15.A.got alongB.come along C.caught upD.turned up 答案：1.D解析：1.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。本文通过一个贫穷小女孩接受礼物的故事告诉人们要懂得感恩。【解题思路】此处指接

25、近（approached）目的地。答案：2.B 解析：2.【解题思路】根据空后的“it was the home of a poor family”并结合语境可知,“我”很快意识到（realized）那是一户贫困人家的家。答案：3.B 解析：3.【解题思路】根据下文中的“both about my age at the time”及第二段的“As a little girl myself”可知，当时那里有两个和“我”的年龄差不多大的孩子。答案：4.C解析：4.【解题思路】根据语境可知，作为一个小女孩，“我”尤其（especially）对那个小女孩感兴趣。答案：5.B 解析：5.【解题思路】根据

26、下文中的“She lived for the dayto fill her stomach”和“I was well looked aftera 8 future.”可知，我们的生活不同（different）。答案：6.A解析：6.【解题思路】根据上文中的“Something or someone was moving in the rubbish.”可知，当时那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找（searching）东西以填饱自己的肚子。答案：7.A 解析：7.【解题思路】根据上文内容可知，那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找食物，而“我”却得到了很好的照顾，从来不用担心食物。答案：8.C 解析：8.【解题思路】根

27、据该空前的“I had a good education”可知，“我”接受了良好的教育，“我”也有一个有前途的（promising）未来。答案：9.D 解析：9.【解题思路】根据上文内容并结合语境可推知，那个小女孩仅有的财产（possession）就是她身上穿的那件破旧的裙子。答案：10.B 解析：10.【解题思路】根据上文内容可知，“我”决定把自己的玩具娃娃送给那个小女孩，所以当车一停下（stop）来，“我”立刻下车, 叫那个小女孩过来, 然后将玩具娃娃放在她的手里。答案：11.C 解析：11.【解题思路】根据空后的“and wasnt certain what to do”和语境可知，那个

28、小女孩刚开始惊讶地看着“我”。答案：12.A 解析：12.【解题思路】根据上文内容可知，那个小女孩一家绝望地坐在垃圾旁边，并结合语境可知，“我”将玩具娃娃放在她手里，她对“我”微笑，“我”从小女孩的眼中看到了希望（hope）。答案：13.D解析：13.【解题思路】根据下文中的“We stopped again”可知，“我”回到车上，我们开车（drive）离开，那时我们才意识到，那个小女孩正在后面（behind）追赶我们。答案：14.A解析：14.【解题思路】参见上题。答案：15.C 解析：15.【解题思路】根据上文的“We stopped again and opened the door.”

29、可知，小女孩追上了我们。catch up with表示“追上，赶上”。. 读后续写1.（2020重庆第一中学高二上学期联考试题）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。On December 16, 2008, Randy Heiss was hiking in Patagonis, a town near the US-Mexico border when he noticed there was a red balloon. He walked towards it, and found the balloons string was attached t

30、o a piece of paper. “Dayami”, it read on one side, in a childs writing. Heiss turned the paper over. It was a numbered list, all in Spanish.Heiss suspected that a child had tried to send Santa Claus a Christmas wish list by balloon, something he used to do himself when he was a kid. Nobody had ever

31、returned his letters, but he wondered whether he could find the girl who had sent this one. It would be difficult, but Heiss had a few clues. About 20 miles to the southwest, was the city of Nogales, Mexico. Based on the blowing wind, he was pretty sure thats where it came from.Heiss brought the not

32、e home to his wife, who is fluent in Spanish and helped him translate the list. They found that Dayami had asked for a doll, a dollhouse, clothes and art supplies. Heiss then posted about his search on Facebook, attaching photos, hoping some of his friends in Nogales might know the girls family, but

33、 with no success. Heiss worried that time was running out before Christmas. On December 19, 2008, he sent a private message to Radio XENY, a radio station in Nogales.The next morning, Heiss got a message from Radio XENY: They had located Dayami, an eight-year-old girl whose parents were killed in a

34、car accident. They would arrange a get-together with Dayami at the radio station. So they bought just about everything on Dayamis list.注意：续写词数应为150左右。Then the Heisses drove for 45 minutes, crossing the border into Nogales. Ten years later, Heiss received a phone call from Dayami. 解析：解题思路体裁：记叙文时态：一般过

35、去时原文核心内容解读：Randy Heiss在远足时看到了一个红气球，他走近后发现气球的一端绑着一张纸。上面是一个孩子试图通过气球向圣诞老人发送圣诞节愿望的清单。他向Nogales的广播电台求助，找到了八岁的女孩Dayami，她的父母在一场车祸中丧生。他们将在电台与Dayami相聚并为她购买了圣诞节愿望清单上的几乎所有商品。文章脉络When: A few days before Christmas in 2008Where: a townWho: Randy Heiss and his wife, DayamiWhat: Randy Heiss and his wife tried their

36、 best to help a girl whose parents were killed in an accident to realize her wish.写作思路续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：然后Heiss夫妇开车长达45分钟时间，越过边界进入Nogales。接下来应该写：他们带着所有礼物到达XENY广播电台，终于见到了这个激动的小女孩。她没想到通过气球表达的愿望真的能实现。接下来发生的事情超出了她的想象。她简直不敢相信有人在乎她。第二段的开头是：十年后，Heiss接到了Dayami的电话。接下来可以写Heiss对Dayami仍然记得他感到惊讶，Heiss问她的情况如何。她用兴奋的

37、声音告诉他，她已经被墨西哥的一所著名大学录取，她对Heiss非常感激。她还告诉他，她发起了“圣诞老人帮助者计划”，以延续十年前她收到的关爱。答案：One possible version:Then the Heisses drove for 45 minutes, crossing the border into Nogales. They arrived at the Radio XENY with all the presents and finally met this excited little girl. She didnt expect that the wish balloon

38、 really did work. What happened was beyond her wildest dream. She couldnt believe somebody out there did care about her. ; Ten years later, Heiss received a phone call from Dayami. Heiss was surprised that Dayami should still remember him and asked her how everything was going on with her. She told him in an excited voice that she had been admitted to a famous university in Mexico and she owed a lot to Heiss. She also told him that she started a Santa Clauss Helper Project to pass on the love she received ten years ago. 7