2019-2020学年人教版英语必修四新素养同步讲义：UNIT 3 A TASTE OF ENGLISH HUMOUR 4 SECTION Ⅳ　GRAMMAR WORD版含答案.doc

1、Section Grammar动词ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语1(教材P18)You may find it astonishing(astonish) that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.(宾语补足语)2(教材P18)Such training was common in acting(act) families at this time，especially when the family income was often uncert

2、ain.(定语)3(教材P18)No one was ever bored watching himhis subtle acting made everything entertaining(entertain)(宾语补足语)4(教材P18)He grew more and more popular as his charming(charm) character，the little tramp，became known throughout the world.(定语)5(教材P18)He walked around stiffly carrying a walking(walk) st

3、ick.(定语)6(教材P18)The acting is so convincing(convince) that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted.(表语)动词ing形式作表语作表语的动词ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。1现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, borin

4、g, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing .这类分词有“令人的”的含义，常修饰物。The argument is very convincing.这个论点很令人信服。His performance is very entertaining, which brings us much pleasure.他的表演非常有趣，给我们带来很大的乐趣。不定式和动词ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作，动词ed形式则表示被动、完成含义。2动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。Her job is kee

5、ping the lecture hall as clean as possible.Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。【即时演练1】单句语法填空His job is very boring(bore), but he has to depend on it to support his family.This result is very disappointing(disappoint) and we dont know what to say.It was amazing(am

6、aze) that he didnt keep his word as before.动词ing形式作定语动名词和现在分词都可以作定语，但有所区别。1动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于for引导的介词短语。No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.阅览室里不准大声说话。There is a swimming pool in our school.我们学校有一个游泳池。2现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。The boy playing football o

7、n the playground is my younger brother.The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。The girl performing on the stage has a gift for dance.The girl who is performing on the stage has a gift for dance.那个在舞台上表演的女孩有舞蹈天赋。现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分词表示正在进行或习

8、惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。You should adapt to the changing situation.你应该适应不断变化的形势。The ground is covered with fallen leaves.地上满是落叶。Im looking for a room to live in.我正在找房子住。【即时演练2】单句语法填空/一句多译Grandma came into my bedroom with a walking(walk) stick in her hand.I cant go with you, for I have a lot

9、of work to_do(do)(2019全国卷) When we got a call saying(say) she was shortlisted, we thought it was a joke.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。The_man_speaking_to_the_teacher_is_our_monitors_father.The_man_who_is_speaking_to_the_teacher_is_our_monitors_father.动词ing形式作宾语补足语动词ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词ing形式常作以下动词的

10、宾语补足语。1表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等)sb.doing sth.(作宾补)。I felt somebody standing behind me.我感觉有人站在我后面。I saw the little boy crying there.我看到小男孩在那儿哭。2表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have, let, keep, get, leave等)sb./sth.doing sth.(作宾补)。We kept the fire burnin

11、g all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。I wont have you running about in the room.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语表示“让一直做某事”。接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，表示“让某人做某事”；接过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“主语请某人做某事，使完成某事或主语遭遇某事”。Be careful, or youll have your hands hurt.当心，否则会弄伤手的。3用于with复合结构中。I couldnt do my homework with the noise going on.由于噪音不断，我没法做

12、家庭作业。With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。【即时演练3】单句语法填空When I passed by his office, I heard him singing(sing) a Chinese song.When the little girl found so many people surrounding(surround) her, she felt very nervous.When I was on my way to school this morning, I saw two

13、 women arguing(argue). A beggar in rags stood there with his eyes staring(stare) at the steak on the plate.He had the walls painted(paint) this morning. 单句语法填空1The villagers saw the fire burning brightly in the distance. When they hurried there, they found some houses burnt to the ground already.(bu

14、rn)2When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing(stand) at the entrance.3His father promised to buy him a racing(race) car when he graduated from college.4The woman looking(look) at her map is a relative of my mother.5To my joy, students studying(study) in this school are friendly to

15、 me.6Wandering(wander) along the street, Frederick caught sight of an old friend.7Yesterday I requested Elizabeth to_give(give) me some advice on my English study.8Watching the children playing(play) basketball excitedly on the playground, I couldnt help joining them.9On the bank of the river, we fo

16、und him lying(lie) on a bench, with his eyes fixed(fix) on a kite in the sky.10It was a really terrifying(terrify) experience. Afterwards, everybody was very shocked(shock) 单句改错1The mans job is deal with tourists complaints.dealdealing2Tom left his children watch TV while he was cooking.watchwatchin

17、g3The satisfying smile on his face suggests that he has got the job.satisfyingsatisfied4You may find it surprised that the little girl can speak six foreign languages fluently.surprisedsurprising5Do you know the young lady sat in the middle of the first row？satsitting 语法与写作1在“地球日”前的一周，我们学校就贴出大海报，号召我

18、们学生为建立一个更加环保的地球而行动起来。A week before Earth Day, a big poster was put up on campus, calling_on_us_students_to_take_action for a greener earth.2鸟儿在树上歌唱，满眼绿色，我感到既快乐又放松。With_birds_singing_in_the_tree and everything so green, I feel very delighted and relaxed.3我们白天不应该开着灯。We shouldnt keep_our_lights_burning

19、 in the day.4让他不高兴的是他把他最喜欢的自行车丢了。What has made him unhappy is losing_his_favourite_bike5很多学生不喜欢那些无聊到让人想睡着的演讲。Many students dont like those boring_speeches which make them fall asleep.6安德鲁喜欢看窗外一列列驶过的火车。Andrew likes watching_the_trains_going_by from the window. 单句语法填空1She was an inspiring(inspire) tea

20、cher and a gifted scientist to her followers.2Denny, do you know the girl reading(read) Alices Adventures in Wonderland over there?3The researchers find it surprising(surprise) that the words are still clear enough to read after 2，000 years.4Nick is worried that he cant get promoted, but I think its

21、 silly to_worry about things which are out of his control.(worry)5I saw several children making(make) a big snowman in the yard when I passed by.6I was listening to an amusing(amuse) programme on the radio, which made me laugh out.7The shocking news that he died last night made everyone deeply shock

22、ed(shock)8The man says pleasing(please) customers is one of the best ways business should follow.9He came into the office with a depressed(depress) look because of losing his purse in the morning.10With the love of her parents surrounding(surround) her, she felt very happy. 阅读理解Children experience a

23、dvertising in many formson TV, radio, magazines, newspapers, movies, the Internet, text messages, social media(媒体) and more. And advertising works on children. For example, the more TV a child watches, the more toys that child is likely to want and ask for. This is why its important for children to

24、learn that advertisements are trying to make people purchase something. And advertisers always aim to make their products look good, perhaps even better than they really are.Advertising affects children in different ways. How children think of advertising can depend on several things, including thei

25、r age, what they know or have experienced.At 02 years, children cant tell the difference between advertising and actual programs.At 36 years, children can recognize advertisements and tell them from programs, but they dont understand that ads are trying to sell something. And they are likely to thin

26、k of advertisements as being funny.At 711 years, when children go to primary school, they can understand that advertisements are trying to sell them something, remember advertising messages and recognize some advertising techniques(策略) like advertisements overstating(夸大) how good products are. Howev

27、er, they might not always understand that products arent as good as advertisements say they are, or that advertisers might not be telling them any of the products bad points.To limit the effects of advertising on schoolage children, the most important thing parents can do is talk about advertisement

28、s and encourage their children to think about what theyre trying to do.Its a good idea to focus on the advertisements that a child sees most often. For example, parents can get their children thinking and developing a questioning attitude. In other words, whats the product in this advertisement? Wha

29、t is it for? Who is it for?They can also ask their children about the techniques that are being used to sell a product. This can help them work out how an advertisement makes its product look good.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了孩子们对广告的认知以及如何引导孩子正确看待广告。1What does the underlined word “purchase” in Paragraph 1

30、mean?AWatch.BSay.CBuy.DDiscuss.C解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段中的For example, the more TV a child.want and ask for.可知，孩子们电视看得越多，想要买的东西越多，那么作为父母应该让孩子们知道广告的目的就是说服人们“购买”东西。2What do children aged 02 think of advertisements?AThey are pretty funny.BThey are trying to sell toys.CThey are being shown in many ways.DThey are

31、no different from other programs.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段At 02 years, children cant tell.actual programs.可知，02岁的孩子认为广告和其他节目没有区别。3At what age can children know advertisements are not telling the truth?A2.B3.C5.D8.D解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的recognize some advertising techniques(策略).good products are可知，711岁的孩子逐渐能够判断出广告中的

32、内容有夸大成分，并非全部属实。4How can parents limit the influence of advertising on their children?ABy guiding them to see through advertisements.BBy teaching them how to run advertisements.CBy buying advertised products and comparing them.DBy talking about the most successful advertisements.A解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的Fo

33、r example, parents can get their children.Who is it for？可知，父母要引导孩子看清广告的真相。 完形填空I live in a house with a beautiful view of hills and our little town. When I _1_ here 24 years ago the man next door was building a _2_ in his backyard and I could _3_ him from my window.He was building it alone. I enjoye

34、d watching the _4_ of the boat and I got to know my _5_， Charles. It turned out this was his _6_ boat; he had built a slightly smaller wooden sailboat but had sold it before ever sailing it himself. It was a beautiful boat but Charles _7_ to get on with the bigger steel(钢) boat.Charles did things ve

35、ry carefully and would not be _8_ to finish any part of the boat. He handcrafted(手工制造) it, piece by piece. _9_， with the passing years, Charless _10_ began to worsen. And work on the boat progressed even slowly. Then he was in a bad car accident which left him with a sore(疼痛的) back and that _11_ him

36、 even more. Although we didnt _12_ it, I know he reached a point at which he realized he would never be able to _13_ the boat. He had been working on it almost daily for 25 years but he couldnt _14_Fortunately, Charles was able to _15_ the boat and the other day I looked out the window and the big b

37、oat was _16_. I havent talked to Charles since the boat was taken away. It was a great _17_ to move it and I saw Charles out there helping as he watched his _18_， one that consumed(消耗) so much of his life, head off to its new owner. Im sure he is both relieved that the boat is no longer in the yard

38、to make him _19_ that he couldnt complete it and _20_ that a huge part of his life is no longer there.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的邻居查尔斯二十五年间一丝不苟，亲自铸造一艘钢制帆船的故事。1A.passedBleftCmovedDsearchedC解析：根据上文中的I live in a house with a beautiful view of hills and our little town.以及下文中的I got to know my_， Charles可知，此

39、处表示当“我”二十四年前“搬到(moved)”这儿的时候。2A.houseBboatCgardenDpoolB解析：由下文中多次出现的boat可知，住在隔壁的男子正在建造一艘“船(boat)”。3A.watchBwarnCaskDsupportA解析：根据语境及下文中的I enjoyed watching the _ of the boat可知，从“我”家的窗户上可以“看到(watch)”他。4A.showBpictureCprogressDresultC解析：根据上文中的the man next door was building a_ in his backyard and I could

40、 _ him from my window和He was building it alone.以及下文中的He handcrafted(手工制造) it, piece by piece.可知，“我”喜欢从旁欣赏“邻居(neighbor)”查尔斯的造船“过程(progress)”。5A.workerBneighborCleaderDownerB解析：参见上题解析。6A.firstBsecondConlyDbestB解析：根据本句中的he had built a slightly smaller wooden sailboat but had sold it before ever sailing

41、 it himself可知，这是查尔斯建造的“第二(second)”艘船。7A.regrettedBfailedCagreedDwantedD解析：根据上文可知，查尔斯曾造过一艘木质帆船，还未亲自试水便将它卖给别人。结合本句中的but可知，查尔斯“想(wanted)”建造一艘更大些的钢制帆船。8A.rushedBpleasedCpatientDboredA解析：根据本句中的Charles did things very carefully以及下文中的He handcrafted(手工制造) it, piece by piece.可知，查尔斯做事一丝不苟，“不慌不忙”地亲自铸造每一个零件，rus

42、hed符合语境。9A.StrangelyBSuddenlyCUnfortunatelyDQuicklyC解析：根据本句中的with the passing years以及下文中的And work on the boat progressed even slowly.可知，“遗憾的是(Unfortunately)”，查尔斯年龄越来越大，“身体状况(health)”渐渐不如当年。10A.researchBbehaviorCsafetyDhealthD解析：参见上题解析。11A.encouragedBhelpedCslowedDsurprisedC解析：根据上文可知，查尔斯亲自铸造帆船零件，再加上他

43、年龄大了，身体也不如当年了，造船进程很慢。更糟糕的是，一次交通事故让他开始背部疼痛，这使得造船的进程“更慢(slowed)”了。12A.talk aboutBcare aboutCwait forDdepend onA解析：根据语境可知，“我”虽然没有和查尔斯“谈论(talk about)”过这艘钢制帆船竣工的事，但“我”知道他明白自己不可能“完工(finish)”了。13A.tryBfinishCbuyDforgetB解析：参见上题解析。14A.continueBstartCstopDrestA解析：根据上文的描述以及本句中的but可知，二十五年间，查尔斯潜心于制造这艘钢制帆船，但是他现在无

44、法“继续(continue)”下去了。15A.takeBbuildCsellDturnC解析：根据下文中的its new owner可知，查尔斯将那艘钢制帆船“卖(sell)”给别人了。16A.brokenBdoneCreplacedDgoneD解析：根据上文可知，查尔斯将那艘钢制帆船卖给别人了。结合下文中的the boat was taken away可知，不久前的一天，当“我”往窗外看时，查尔斯的船“不见了(gone)”。17A.dutyBtaskCexerciseDideaB解析：根据上文中的the bigger steel(钢) boat以及下文中的I saw Charles out

45、there helping可知，将帆船从查尔斯的后院搬走是项艰巨的“任务(task)”。18A.toolBbusinessCprojectDplanC解析：设空处指代查尔斯花了二十五年的时间建造的钢制帆船，project意为“工程”，符合语境。19A.rememberBbelieveCimagineDpretendA解析：结合全文，此处表示帆船从查尔斯后院搬走的那一天，他有些如释重负，因为它再也不会在这里“提醒着(make him remember)”自己的遗憾，但同时他也有些“忧伤(sad)”，毕竟这艘船耗费了他二十多年的心血。20A.afraidBworriedCangryDsadD解析：

46、参见上题解析。 语法填空The British are well known 1._ the amount of tea that they drink. The average person in the UK consumes around 1.9 kg of tea every year. Tea 2._(drink) by all classes of society. But tea does not grow in Britain. Tea is mainly grown in India and China. So, how did it become 3._ important

47、 part of British culture?Tea arrived in London in the 1600s. At this time British ships were exploring the world and 4._(come) across the drink in China. It was not long before green tea was available(可得到的). However, this was only available to rich people.At the beginning of the 1700s, the amount of

48、 tea arriving in Britain increased 5._(gradual)In the 1800s, tea was still a product 6._(enjoy) only by rich people. At this time they began to have afternoon tea. This involves drinking tea with a snack(点心) around 4 pm to avoid 7._(feel) hungry between lunch and dinner.In the late 1800s, the price

49、of tea decreased rapidly as more tea began to arrive on ships from India and China. It was no longer a drink just for rich people. Tearoomsshops 8._ you could buy and drink teastarted to appear across the country. People enjoyed drinking tea and socializing in these 9._(place). At the start of the 2

50、0th century, the British began to make tea in 10._(they) homes whenever they felt like it.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了茶如何传入英国并成为英国人生活中重要的一部分。1for解析：考查介词。be known for.意为“因而闻名”。2is drunk解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。设空处所在句意为“英国各个阶层的人都喝茶”，Tea与drink之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。因为设空处所在句描述的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时，故填is drunk。3an解析：考查不定冠词。设空处限定p

51、art，因为part是可数名词，且此处表示泛指，又因为设空处后有形容词important，故填不定冠词an。4came解析：考查一般过去时。At this time指代in the 1600s，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填came。5gradually解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰increased，表示“逐渐地”，故填副词gradually。6enjoyed解析：考查过去分词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰product，设空处所在句意为“在19世纪，茶叶仍然只是有钱人享用的奢侈品”，enjoy与product之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填enjoyed。7feeling解析：考查动词ing形式作宾语的用法。avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”。8where解析：考查关系副词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰shops，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。9places解析：考查名词复数。设空处作宾语，表示“地方”，由设空处前的these可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填places。10their解析：考查代词。设空处作定语修饰homes，表示“他们的”，故填their。