初中英语2025届中考词汇讲解系列（共四组）0508.doc

1、中考英语词汇讲解（一）1.produce(v.)生产，制造，生育-product(n.)产品-production(n.)生产-producer(n.)生产者，制片人-productive(adj.)多产的2.progress(n./v.)进步，进展make progress取得进步show my progress展示我的进步3.pick(v.)采，摘，挑选pick up 拿起，拾起，接某人，接电话pick out选出4.polite(adj.)有礼貌的反义词impolite-politely(adv.)有礼貌地-politeness(n.)礼貌be polite to sb对某人有礼貌5.p

2、leasure(n.)快乐，高兴，乐事Its my/a pleasure.不客气，很乐意效劳。-回答感谢for pleasure作为消遣with pleasure高兴地，非常乐意-用于应答请求have the pleasure of doing sth很高兴做某事6.person(n.)个人-people(pl.)become a better person成为一个更好的人in person亲自-personal(adj.)个人的，私人的-personally(adv.)就个人而言，亲自-personality(n.)个性，性格7.follow(v.)跟随，沿着，遵循，跟上，明白-follow

3、ing(adj.)接着的，下列的the following example以下例子-follower(n.)追随者as follows如下follow the rules遵守规则follow me跟我来follow this road沿着这条路8.focus(v./n.)（使）集中/焦点，中心点focus on/upon集中于.,专注于.9.force(n./v.)力量，武力/强迫，强行-forceful(adj.)强有力的，有说服力的a forceful speech有说服力的演讲join the foeces参军force sb to do sth强迫某人做某事10.forward(adv

4、./adj./v.)向前，提前/向前的/转寄，转发反义词back/backward-walk forward向前走-look forward to盼望 look forward to doing sth盼望做某事11.free(adj./adv./v.)-freely(adv.)不受限制地，自由地-freedom(n.)自由adj.自由的，空闲的，免费的be free (to do)有空，自由for free免费in ones free time在某人空闲时间set.free使获得自由，释放adv.免费地，无偿地v.使自由，释放free sb from sth使某人摆脱某事12.friend(

5、n.)朋友-friendly(adj.)友好的-unfriendly(adj.)不友好的-friendless(n.)友好，友善-friendship(n.)友谊an old friend一位老朋友a close friend一位密友make friends with sb和某人交朋友be friendly/good/nice/kind to sb对某人友好例句患难见真情。A friend in need is a friend indeed.13.freeze(v.)结冰，冰冻-froze-frozen-freezing(adj./adv.)极冷的/地-frozen(adj.)结冰的，冷冻的

6、14.full(adj.)满的，完全的，完整的，忙碌的-fully(adv.)完全地full name全名get full marks得满分be full of=be filled with充满make full use of 充分利用full-time(adj./adv.)全职的/地，全日的/地15.have(v.)有，经历，吃，喝，使aux v.(助动词)与过去分词连用have/has-had-hadhave a good time玩得开心=have fun=enjoy oneselfhave a fever/headache/cold/cough发烧/头疼/感冒/咳嗽have a try

7、试一试have /take a holiday度假have breakfast/lunch/dinner吃早/午/晚餐have a party举办聚会have a meeting开会have sb do sth让某人做某事have sth done让某事被做例句杰克理发了。Jack had his hair cut.have to do sth必须，不得不16.fun(adj./n.)有趣的/乐趣-funny(adj.)滑稽的，有趣的例句泼水节多么有趣呀！What fun the Water Featival is!have fun玩得开心(doing sth )in fun闹着玩地for f

8、un为了玩乐make fun of取笑例句大多数学生使用互联网只是为了玩而不是写作业。Most students use the internet for fun not for homework.17.help(v./n.)帮助，有助于/帮助，助手-helpful(adj.)有帮助的，有益的-useful-helpless(adj.)无助的help (sb) with sth帮助做.help (to) do sth帮忙做某事cant help doing sth忍不住做某事help out帮助（某人）克服困难help oneself自便ask / turn to sb for help向某人

9、寻求帮助a good help to sb某人的好帮手with sbs help=with the help of sb在某人的帮助下be helpful to sb对某人有帮助Its helpful for sb to do sth.做某事对某人来说是有帮助的。18.hate(v.)讨厌，不喜欢，憎恨hate sb to do sth讨厌某人做某事19.hear(v.)听见，听到-heard-heard-hearing(n.)听力，听觉hear sb/sth do sth听见某人/物做了某事hear sb/sth doing sth听见某人/物正在做某事hear about/of听说hear

10、 from收到.来信20.honour(n./v.)荣誉，光荣/给予.荣誉the honour of.的荣誉Its an honour to do sth.做某事是一种光荣。Its my great honour to do sth.我很荣幸做某事。例句我很荣幸有机会在这里发表演讲。Its my great honour to have a chance to make a speech here.in honour of sb=in sbs honour为纪念某人（二）1.hide(v.)隐藏，遮掩-hid-hiddenhide behind藏在.后面hide the fact/truth隐

11、瞒事实/真相2.hope(v./n.)希望，期待-hopeful(adj.)有希望的-hopefully(adv.)充满希望地，但愿-hopeless(adj.)没有希望的，绝望的hope to do sth希望做某事hope for sth希望得到某物lose hope失去希望in the hope of/that抱着.的希望wish (sb) to do sth希望（某人）做某事3.consider(v.)注视，仔细考虑，认为-consideration(n.)考虑，体贴-considerable(adj.)相当多/大/重要的consider doing sth 考虑做某事be consi

12、dered as/to be被视为.=see .as=regard as=view.as=count.as=treat.as4.chance(n.)机会，机遇，偶然miss the chance错过机会hold/catch a chance抓住机会have a/the/no chance to do sth有/没有做某事的机会give / offer sb a chance to do sth给某人一个机会做某事a great chance for sb to do sth某人做某事地好机会by chance碰巧，意外地=by accident5.choose(v.)选择-chose-chos

13、enchoose sb to do sth选择某人做某事choose sb as/for选择.作为.-choice(n.)选a good choice一个好的选择make a choice 做选择have no choice but to do sth除了做某事别无选择6.little(adj./adv./pron.)-less-leastadj.小的，幼小的，少的，几乎没有的，短暂的a little house一个小房子my little brother我的弟弟a little while一会adv.少，几乎没有pron.没有多少a little/a bit有点，少量adj.a little

14、 fun/a little difficult些许快乐/有点难a little bit有点，稍微little by little逐渐地，一点点地little/a little不可数名词例句瓶子里几乎没有水。There is little water in the bottle.瓶子里有点水。There is a little water in the bottle.few/a few可数名词复数例句我几乎没有朋友。I have few friends.我有几个好朋友。I have a few good friends.7.litter(n./v.)垃圾，乱扔（垃圾）-rubbish(n.)垃圾

15、throw /take out the rubbish扔垃圾rubbish bin垃圾桶drop litter扔垃圾Dont litter.不要乱扔垃圾。8.all(adj./adv./pron.)全部的/完全地/全体-whole(adj./n.)全部的，整个的/全部the whole family全家all the students所有的学生all of them他们全部all year全年all the time一直all in all总的来说in all总共all kinds of各种各样的not.at all一点也不例句他一点也不害怕。He is not afraid at all.你

16、介意我打开门吗？-不，不介意。Do you mind me opening the door?-No,not at all.not at all不客气（回答道谢）Thanks.-Not at all.all right好的，好了Thats all right.没关系/不用谢。Its all right.别怕/没事/没关系的。9.live(v./adj./adv.)-lively(adj.)活泼的，生气勃勃的，生动的，鲜艳的a lively girl一个活泼的女孩-living(adj./n.)活的/生计（常做定语）make a living谋生living room起居室v.居住，生活live

17、 in / at sp居住在某地live with sb和某人住在一起生存，活着live a adj.life过.的生活(live a happy life)live by.靠.过活live on.以.为食live through经历，度过adj.活的，有生命的（常作定语）现在直播的a live fish一只活的鱼live music现场音乐-alive(adj.)活着的，仍然存在的，充满活力的（常做表语或后置定语）例句鱼还活着。The fish is still alive.他是唯一的幸存者。He is the only man alive.adv.在现场，以现场直播方式play live现

18、场表演10.allow(v.)允许allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事被动语态：sb be allowed to do sth.11.promise(n./v.)承诺，诺言keep/break ones promise信守/违背诺言promise sb to do sth承诺某人做某事=make a promise to do sth to sbpromise sb sth=promise sth to sb承诺给某人某物例句我保证会在学习中尽自己最大的努力。I promise I will try my best in my study.12.project(n.)项目，课题，

19、工程research project研究计划do a project on sth做一个关于某方面的课题13.problem(n.)问题，困难，习题-question(n.)问题answer the question回答问题cause heart /teeth problems造成心脏/牙齿问题maths problem数学题work out/find out/solve/deal with the problem解决/查明/处理问题No problem.没问题（表同意）/没关系，不客气（回答道谢或道歉）例句你能帮我搬下这个箱子吗？-当然，没问题。Could you please help m

20、e carry this box?-Sure,no problem.谢谢你的帮助。-不客气。Thanks for your help.-No problem.14.afford(v.)买得起，承担得起afford to do sth负担得起做某事cant afford to do sth负担不起15.alone(adj./adv.)单独的/地，独自的/地-lonely(adj.) 孤独的，寂寞的，荒凉的leave/let sb alone不打扰某人，不管某人stay at home alone独自在家feel lonely感到孤单a lonely old man一位孤单的老人a lonely

21、island荒凉的岛屿16.afraid(adj.)害怕的，恐慌的be afraid of doing sth害怕做某事=be afraid to do sthIm afraid so/not.恐怕如此/恐怕不行（用于礼貌拒绝）17.beat(v./n.)打，击败，战胜，跳动/节拍-beat-beatenbeat the illness打败疾病beat the drums打鼓例句雨水开始猛烈地打在窗户上。The rain began to beat heavily agsinst the windows.听到我的名字时，我的心跳得很快。When I heard my name,my heart

22、 beat so fast.-hit(v./n.)击，打，碰撞，袭击-hit-hit/打击，风靡一时的作品hit sb on the身体部位hit him on the head击中他的头be hit by被.击中18.become(v.)变得，成为-became-becomebecome a singer成为一名歌手become popular流行起来19.basketball(n.)篮球play basketball打篮球baseball棒球volleyball排球badminton羽毛球运动shuttlecock羽毛球，毽子football/soccer足球ping-pong/table

23、 tennis乒乓球tennis网球hockey曲棍球-basket(n.)篮子，筐例句不要把鸡蛋放在一个篮子里。Dont put all your eggs in one basket.20.cut(v./n.)砍（下），切（下），剪（下），割（下）-cut-cut-cutting/伤口a bad cut一个严重的伤口cut up切碎cut down砍到，减少cut off切断，切掉cut out剪下，删除cut in line插队get/have ones hair cut理发paper cutting剪纸（三）1.control(v./n.)控制，支配，管理be in control o

24、f控制be out control of/lose control of失控take control of控制，支配under control处于控制之下2.change(v./n.)变化，改变，零钱-changeable(adj.)无常的，可变化的change ones life/mind改变某人的生活/主意change into变成make changes/a change做出改变例句美猴王有72般变化。The Monkey King has 72 changes.-exchange(v.)交换，交流an exchange student一名交换生3.conversation(n.)谈话，

25、会话have a conversation with sb和某人谈话start a conversation打开话题4.convenient(adj.)便利的，方便的-convenience(n.)方便，便利-inconvenient(adj.)不方便的a convenience store便利店Its convenient for sb to do sth.做某事对某人来说是方便的。5.create(v.)创造，创建-creation(n.)创造，创造物-creative(adj.)有创造力的-creator(n.)创造者，发明者-creativity(n.)独特性，创造力be create

26、d by sb被某人创造be created to do sth被创造来做某事6.cool(adj./v./n.)adj.凉爽的，凉快的，冷静的，沉着的，极好的，极妙的，酷的v.冷却，冷静下来，变凉n.凉快的地方keep ones cool沉住气，保持冷静cool down/off平静下来，冷却a cool dry place一个干燥凉爽的地方a cool drink清爽的饮料7.break(v./n.)打破，弄破，中断，违反/休息，间歇，中断-broke-broken-broken(adj.)损坏的，破碎的，不流利的a broken heart一颗破碎的心broken English蹩脚的英

27、语break ones heart伤了某人的心break the rules/law/promise违反规则/法律/承诺break ones word食言break the record/silence打破记录/沉默break down出故障，打破break into破门而入break off中断break out（火灾，战争等）爆发break away(from.)挣脱.break up（使）破裂take/have a break休息8.breath(n.)呼吸-breathe(v.)呼吸-breathing(n.)呼吸-breathless(adj.)气喘吁吁的take a deep br

28、eath深呼吸out of breath上气不接下气hold ones breath憋住气9.bright(adj.)明亮的，鲜艳的，聪明的，欢快的，光明的-brightly(adv.)明亮地，欢快地，伶俐地-brighten(v.)使明亮bright green亮绿色a bright room一间明亮的房间a bright future一个光明的未来a bright idea一个聪明的主意look on the bright side持乐观态度例句她既勤奋又聪明。She is hard-working and very bright.我希望每个学生在这里都拥有既快乐又丰富多彩的校园生活。 I

29、 hope each student would enjoy a bright and colourful school life here.10.bring(v.)带来，拿来，引起，导致-brought-broughtbring sb sth=bring sth to sb给某人带某物bring sth with sb某人随身携带某物bring about=cause引起，导致bring back把.带回来，使回忆起，使恢复bring out取出，拿出，表现出bring up=raise养育，提出11.build(v./n.)建造，培养，发展/身材-built-built-building(

30、n.)建筑物-rebuild(v.)重建build up 增强，逐步建立build on建立在.之上，以.为基础be of medium build中等身材12.busy(adj.)忙的，繁忙的，占线的-busier-busiest-busily(adv.)繁忙地be busy doing sth忙于做某事例句我们正忙着准备歌唱比赛。We are busy preparing for the singing competition now.be busy with sth忙于某事a busy day繁忙的一天例句电话占线。The line is busy.petition(n.)竞争，比赛-c

31、ompete(v.)竞争，比赛-competitor(n.)竞争者compete against/with sb和某人竞争lose/win a competition输掉/赢得比赛take part in/enter the maths competition参加数学竞赛plete(v./adj.)v.完成，结束-finish，使完整adj.完全的，彻底的-total完整的，全部的-whole-completely(adv.)完全地，彻底地-totallycomplete the homework/task/table完成作业/任务/表格completely right完全正确15.total

32、(adj./n.)总的，全部的，彻底的/总数，合计-totally(adv.)完全地in total总共，总计例句一共是560元。Its 560yuan in total.16.business(n.)商业，公司，职责-businessman(n.)商人-businessmen(pl.)-businesswoman(n.)女商人-businesswomen(pl.)do business做生意on business出差business hours营业时间run a big business经营一家大公司start a business创办一家公司Mind your own business.别

33、管闲事。Its none of your business.与你无关。17.buy(v.)买-bought-bought反义词sell（见Day10）-buyer(n.)买家反义词sellerbuy sb sth=buy sth for sb为某人买某物buy sth for.以.购买某物18.care(v./n.)在意，关心/照顾，照料，小心-caring(adj.)关心他人的，体贴的-careful(adj.)小心的，谨慎的，仔细的-carefully(adv.)仔细地，小心地-careless(adj.)粗心的，不仔细的-carelessly(adv.)粗心地-carelessness(

34、n.)粗心大意take care of=look after=care for照顾，处理take good care of好好照顾take care小心，当心，珍重care about sth/sb在意某事/关心某人I dont care.我不在乎。health/medical care医疗护理Be careful!小心！be careful with/about.对.小心谨慎19.medical(adj.)医学的，医疗的-medicine(n.)药，医学take the medicine吃药例句欢笑是良药。Laughter is the best medicine.20.catch(v.)抓

35、住，捕捉，追上，赶上，感染上-caught-caughtcatch the bus赶公交catch a cold/fever感冒/发烧catch ones attention/eye吸引某人的注意/目光catch up with追上，赶上catch fire着火例句早起的鸟儿有虫吃。The early bird catches the worm.（四）1.carry(v.)提，拿，搬，携带，运送-carried-carriedcarry out执行，实行carry on继续进行，开展2.case(n.)箱子，事例，案件，情况a pencil case铅笔盒in case 以防万一，假使in t

36、hat case既然那样in case of 在.情形下，万一the case事实3.cause(n./v.)原因/引起,导致-reason(n.)原因forthe cause of.的原因There is no reason.没有理由the reason why从句.的原因cause sb to do sth导致某人做某事cause many health problems导致许多健康问题4.deal(n./v)协议，交易，处理-dealt-dealtdeal with处理，应对-do withhow to deal with/what to do witha big deal重要的事例句没

37、什么大不了的！Its no big deal!a great/good deal ofun.大量的，很多的make a deal达成协议5.day(n.)天，白天-daytime(n.)白天-nighttime夜间-daily(adj.)每日的，日常的daily life日常生活China Daily中国日报询问星期：What day is it today?Have a nice day!祝你一天愉快！on National Day在国庆working day工作日all day一整天day by day一天天地day after day日复一日地day and night整日整夜地the

38、day before yesterday前天the day after tomorrow后天some day（将来）有天，有朝一日one day（过去或将来）某一天these days现在，如今6.death(n.)死，死亡反义词birth-die(v.)死亡-died-died-dying(adj.)垂死的-dead(adj.)死的反义词alive-deadly(adj.)致命的die from/of死于.die out灭绝，消失die down逐渐变弱，消失die off相继死去7.decide(v.)决定-decision(n.)决定，抉择decide to do sth 决定做某事de

39、cide on/upon决定make a decision to do sth决定做某事8.depend(v.)依赖，依靠，取决于-dependence(n.)依赖-independence(n.)独立性-dependent(adj.)依赖的，依靠的-independent(adj.)独立的depend on依靠，取决于It/That (all) depends.视情况而定。9.check(v./n.)检查，核实，打勾/检查，账单check in登记，报到check out查看，观察，结账离开have a check检查the check for dinner晚餐的账单10.cheer(n./

40、v.)欢呼声/欢呼，喝彩-cheerful(adj.)高兴的-cheerfully(adv.)兴高采烈地-cheers(int.)干杯cheer (sb) up使振奋起来，使高兴起来cheer on为.加油cheer (for) sb为某人欢呼11.collect(v.)收集，采集，收藏-collector(n.)收藏家-collection(n.)收藏品collect stamps/coins集邮/收藏硬币-coin(n.)硬币例句事物都有两面性。Every coin has two sides.collect sth for sb为某人收集某物12.either(pron./adj./ad

41、v./conj.)pron.（两者之中）任何一个either of两者之一adj.任一的，各一的adv.也（否定）例句我也不知道。I dont know either.conj.或者，要么either.or或者.或者.，要么.要么. （就近原则）例句不是你错就是我错。Either you or I am wrong.-neither(adj./adv./pron.)（两者）都不的，（两者之中）无一个，也不neither of 名词复数/代词，谓语可单可复。例句他们两个都没有车。Neither of them has/have a car.neither.nor.既不.也不.neither 助/

42、be/情主语。Neither do I.Me neither.我也不.13.easy(adj./adv.)容易的，舒适的/容易地，顺利地-easier-easiest反义词uneasy/hard/difficult-easily(adv.)容易地Its easy for sb to do sth.Take it easy.别紧张，放松，不急easy-going(adj.)随和的14.especially(adv.)特别，尤其15.excellent(adj.)优秀的，极好的an excellent student一名优秀的学生16.field(n.)田地，田野，运动场，领域the sports

43、 field运动场walk across the field穿过田野17.fight(v./n.)打架，战斗，争论-fought-fought-fighter(n.)战士，战斗机-fighting(n.)战斗fight against与.战斗fight for为.战斗fight over为.奋斗fight back反击18.find(v.)找到，发现，认为-found-found-finding(n.)发现，调查结果find out查明，弄清look for寻找find sb doing sth发现某人正在做某事find it adj.to do sth发现做某事.例句我发现讲英语很难。I f

44、ind it hard to speak English.19.finish(v./n.)完成，结束，吃光，喝光/结束，结局反义词begin/startfinish doing sth 做完某事from start to finish从始至终20.touch(v./n.)触摸，接触，感动-touching(adj.)令人感动的-touched(adj.)受感动的touch ones heart打动某人get/keep/stay in touch (with sb)跟.保持联系lose touch (with sb)失去联系by touch 通过触觉be touched by被.感动/be moved by例句我们都被那位老人感动了。We were all touched by the old man.-move(v./n.)移动，搬家，使感动，前进-moving(adj.)移动的，动人的-moved(adj.)感动的be deeply moved by被深深感动a moving story一个感人的故事-movement(n.)活动，运动move home搬家move on继续前进move out搬出去move in搬进新居move away搬走，离开move about/around四处走动，经常搬动move from.to.从.移动到.14