初中英语2025届中考词汇讲解系列（共四组）0511.doc

1、中考英语词汇讲解（一）1.a/an(art.-不定冠词) 一，每一a university a useful book an hour an honest student an NBA player an X-ray2.useful(adj.)有用的It is useful to do sth.做某事是有用的。be useful to sb对某人有用useless(adj.)无用的，无效的use(v./n.)v.使用，利用use sth to do sth用某物做某事-被动语态：sth be used to do sthn.使用，运用，用途the use of.的使用词块use up 用光，耗

2、尽in use 正在使用make (full/good)use of(充分)利用It is no use doing sth.做某事没用。例句我们应该充分利用时间。We should make good use of the time.used(adj.)习惯于，适应，用过的be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事used to do sth 过去常做某事well-used使用得多的3.honest(adj.)诚实的，正直的，直率的honesty(n.)诚实，正直honestly(adv.)诚实地，正当地，坦白说反义词dishonestto be honest老实说be

3、honest with sb对某人诚实4.ability(n.)能力，才能 bltihave the ability to do sth 有能力做某事例句一个人必须有与他人合作的能力。One must have the ability to work with others.disability(n.)残障，缺陷例句他的孩子有学习障碍。Her child has a learning disability.able(adj.)能够的，有能力的-unablebe able to do sth 能够做某事例句你能来帮我们打扫一下房间吗？Will you be able to come and he

4、lp us clean the room?disable(v.)使残废，使失去能力-disabled(adj.)残疾的，失去能力的the disabled 残障人士enable(v.)使能够enable sb to do sth使某人能够做某事例句这个技能将使你能够找到一份工作。This skill will enable you to find a job.5.about(prep,adv,adj)prep.关于，在.周围What/How about.?例句去公园怎么样？What/How about going to the park?-That sounds good./Good idea

5、.adv.大约，左右；到处，在周围；将近，差不多about 7:30amadj. be about to do sth 正要做某事例句我们正要离开，这时Tom来了。We were about to leave when Tom arrived.词块think about 思考 talk about谈论 care about关心，在意 worry about/be worried about担心 learn/know about学习，了解 hear about听说，得知 be sure about确信 be crazy/mad about痴迷于be curious about对.感到好奇6.ab

6、ove(prep,adv,adj)prep.在.上方，大于，超过-belowabove all最重要的是，尤其是例句最重要的是，我要感谢我的家人。Above all, Id like to thank my family.adv.在上面，以上，上述例句我会接受上述建议。Ill follow the advice above.adj.上面的，上述的7.belowprep.在.下面，在.以下below the windowten degrees below freezing/zeroadv.在下面8.baby(n.)婴儿，幼小的动物a baby wolf（wolf-wolves）9.back(n,

7、adj,adv,v)n.背面，背部，后面反义词frontat the back of在.后面back to back背靠背adj.后面的adv.向后，回到原处，归还例句在我们回家的路上下起了雨。It began to rain on our way back home.我下星期一早上回来。I will be back next Monday morning.V.后退词块get/go back回来/去 call back 回电话bring back恢复，使想起，归还come back回来 talk back 顶嘴look back at回首，回忆10.background(n.)背景backgr

8、ound information / knowledgeeducational background（二）1.behindprep.在.后面，落后于例句教学楼后面有一个运动场。There is a sports filed behind the teaching building.adv.在后，落后，慢2.front(n,adj)n.前面，正面，身体前部in front of/in the front of例句教学楼前面有一个花园。There is a garden in front of the teaching building.adj.前面的3.bad(adj.)不好的，差的，糟糕的，不

9、擅长的，严重的-badly(adv.)反义词goodbe bad/good at doing sth不擅长做某事get a bad cold/cough/headachebe bad/good for sb对.有害bad-worse-worstgood/well-better-best例句那是我看过的最糟糕的一部电影。That is the worst movie Ive ever seen.看太多电视对我们的眼睛有害。Watching too much TV is bad for our eyes.我考试考砸了。I did badly in my exams.4.cabbage(n.)卷心菜

10、5.cake(n.)蛋糕-strawberry cakea piece of cake小菜一碟例句学英语对他来说是小菜一碟。Learning English is a piece of cake for him.6.calendar(n.)日历 klnd(r)例句中秋节是农历八月十五。Mid-Autumn Festival is on August 15th of the lunar calendar.u月份一月：January二月：February三月:March四月：April五月：May六月：June七月：July八月：August九月：September十月：October十一月：No

11、vember十二月：December7.call(v./n.)V.给.打电话，命名，把.叫做（name），大声喊叫call sb at 电话例句当你面临危险时，打电话报警！When you arein danger, call the police!n.打电话，通话get/have/receivea call from sb接到某人电话give sb a call给某人打个电话make a call打电话词块call back回电话 call in 召来，叫来call up打电话给.,征召call off取消（cancel）call for提倡，需要call on/upon号召，要求例句我们需

12、要号召更多的人停止捕食野生动物。We need to call on more people to stop eating and hunting wild animals.我们应该号召更多的人来保护野生动物。We should call on more people to protectwildlife.接打电话用语When you call sbWhen you answer the phoneHello/Hi,its.This is.speaking.Hello?/Who is it?May I ask whos calling?Could I speak to.?Is.there,pl

13、ease?Yes,hold on,please.Sorry,he/she is out at the moment.Can I take a message?Would you like to leave a message?Could you tell her/him to call me back?No problem./Sure.8.danger(n.)危险，风险-dangerous(adj.)in danger 处于危险中out of danger 脱离危险be danger to/for sb对某人来说是危险的Keep/stay away from danger远离危险It is d

14、angerous (for sb) to do sth.做某事对某人看来说很危险。endangered(adj.)濒危的9.police(n.) 警察机关，警方集体名词，作主语，谓语动词常用复数。policeman-policemen男警察policewoman-policewomen女警察10.receive(v.)收到，接收 /rsiv/receive sth from sb/sthreceive a good education接受良好的教育（三）01accept(v.)接受，接纳/ksept/反义词refuse辨析：receive客观上收到accept主观上接受例句她收到了他的礼物，但

15、没有接受。She received a gift from him,but didnt accept it.acceptable(adj.)可接受的02refuse(v.)拒绝refuse to do sth拒绝做某事03education(n.)教育 /edjke()n/-educational(adj.)有教育意义的-educate(v.)教育-educated(adj.)受过教育的，有教养的-educator(n.)教育家，教育工作者a college/university education大学教育physical education(PE)体育educate sb to do sth

16、教育某人做某事例句良好的教育有助于你的成功。A good education helps you succeed.04succeed(v.)成功/sksid/反义词fail(v.)-success(n.)-failure-successful(adj.)-unsuccessful-successfully(adv.)succeed in doing sth 成功做某事achieve success 取得成功a big success巨大的成功05fail(v.)未能做到，不及格fail to do sth 没能做某事fail the exam考试不及格-pass the exam通过考试fai

17、lure(n.)失败，失败的人/事例句失败是成功之母。Failure is the mother of success.06achieve(v.)取得，完成，实现achieve ones dream/goal实现某人的梦想/目标achievement(n.)成就，完成make a great achievement取得巨大成就a sense of achievement 成就感07cancel(v.)取消，终止，撤销-canceled过去式/过去分词cancel out 抵消08protect(v.)保护，防护-protection(n.)-protective(adj.)protect th

18、e environment保护环境protect.against/from (doing)sth保护.免受.09wildlife(n.)野生生物-wild(adj./n.)野生的，荒凉的,荒地-wildly(adv.)失控地，激烈地wild animals野生动物in the wild在野外010hold(v.)拿，举办，拥有，容纳，保持hold-held-held词块hold on 别挂断，等一下，坚持hold a meeting开会hold up支撑，举起hold back抑制hold out 伸出，递出hold ones breath屏住呼吸011moment(n.) 某一时刻，片刻，时

19、机词块at the moment 此刻，目前for a moment 片刻，一会in a moment 马上，立刻the right moment 适当的时机 wait a moment 稍等一下the moment(that)引导时间状语从句一.就.(as soon as)例句他说他一到家就给你打电话。He said hed phone you the moment he got home.012message(n.)消息，口信，信息leave a message 留个口信take a message 捎个口信get/receive a message收到信息send a message发信

20、息013calm (adj./v.) /km/adj.镇静的，平静的stay/keep/remain calm保持镇静例句面对危险，保持镇静很重要。It is important to keep calm when you are in danger.v.平静，平静下来calm down 使平静下来014important(adj.)重要的-importance(n.)unimportant(adj.)不重要的Its important for sb to do sth.对某人来说做某事是重要的。play an important part/role 发挥重要作用015remain(v.)保持

21、，仍然是，剩下，停留（四）daily(adj./adv./n.)adj.每日的，日常的in ones daily life 在某人的日常生活中adv.每日=every day n.日报China Daily中国日报damage(v./n.)损害dance(v./n.)跳舞-dancer(n.)舞者-dancing(n.)舞蹈，跳舞have a dance 跳舞dance to the music跟着音乐跳舞darev.敢于（不用于进行时）dare to do sth敢于做某事model v.敢例句我不敢当众讲英语。I dare not speak English in public.dark(

22、adj./n.)-darkness(n.)adj.黑暗的，昏暗的-light例句天快黑了。It is getting dark.深色的，黑色的-lightdark brown深褐色n.黑暗in the dark在黑暗中date(n./v.)n.日期，日子，约会date of birth=birth date出生日期What is the date today?=What is todays date?今天几号？out of date 过时的up to date 最新的v.注明.日期，约会date back to/date from追溯到eachadj.每个的 each lessonpron.各

23、自，每个例句我们各不相同，每个人都很独特。We are different and each of us is special.adv.对每个each other=one another互相，彼此different(adj.)不同的，有差异的反义词similar/samebe different from 与.不同例句我的朋友拉里与我很不一样。My best friend Larry is quite different from me.differently(adv.)不同地difference(n.)差别，差异，不同之处make a difference 有影响，有作用例句拉奇对我的人生有

24、重大影响。Lucky makes a big difference to my life.similar(adj.)相似的，类似的be similar to和.相似eagle(n.)鹰 an eagleear(n.)耳朵 Walls have ears.隔墙有耳。early(adj./adv.)早的,在早期get up early早起 early bus早班车in the early 1990s在20世纪90年代初earn(v)赚得，挣得earth(n.)地球，土，泥(soil)例句我们都应该开始植树，使地球变得更美好。We all should start planting trees to

25、 make the Earth a better place.earthquake(n.)地震soil(n.)土，土壤face(n./v.)n.脸，面部，表面a smile on your face 你脸上的笑容the north face of the mountain山的北坡词块face to face 面对面in the face of 面对，不顾lose face 丢脸，失面子make faces/a face做鬼脸v.面对，面临face difficulties/challenges面对困难/挑战facial(adj.)面部的a facial expression 面部表情lose(

26、v.)丢失，输掉lose-lost-lostlose ones life失去某人的生命lose interst/hope失去兴趣/希望lose ones way迷路=get lostlose oneself in 专心于loss(n.)丧失，失去loss of memory=memory loss失忆lost(adj.)丢失的，迷路的be lost in沉浸于，专注于lost and found失物招领处difficult(adj.)困难的，难的反义词easyIt is difficult for sb to do sth.对某人来说做某事很难。difficulty(n.)困难，难题have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困难例句我无法入睡。I have difficulty in sleeping.当你遇到困难时，不要放弃。When you meet difficulties,dont give up.保罗发现学英语很难。Paul finds it difficult to learn English.10