2021届高考英语一轮复习 基础语法精讲及真题练习 专题09 主谓一致（含解析）.docx

1、高考分析专题09 主谓一致主谓一致的情况比较复杂，考点也比较分散。可从两个方面来把握：1. 根据语法一致和邻近一致的原则准确辨识作主语的中心词；2. 根据意义一致原则深刻理解主语表示的数。一、 主谓一致概览(一) 语法一致用法例句主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数The results of the research are to be published soon.复合不定代词someone, anyone, everyone，nobody/no one,something,anything, everything, nothing等作主语，谓语动词用单数If anyon

2、e sees Lisa, ask her to call me.Nothing is impossible to be a willing heart. 名词复数each of them/us/you 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但“we,you,they或名词复数+each”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式Each of the students has an apple.The students each have an apple.代词all作主语：若指人，谓语动词用复数；若指事物或现象，谓语动词通常用单数All are equal before the law.All is well t

3、hat ends well.不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数Having to change trains is a small inconvenience.many a the wholeeachevery +单数名词作主语谓语动词单数eitherneitherMany a page in this book is missing.The whole nation is in deep sorrow.(二) 意义一致用法例句形式为单数但意义为复数概念的police,cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数The police have not made any arrests.

4、表示一类人/物的the poor/rich/dead/injuried/wounded等和“the+姓氏复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数The rich are to help the poor.The greens are going to London.表示某国人的总成的the Chinese,the British,the Irish等作主语时，谓语动词用复数The Chinese are hard-working.诸如maths，physics,news等以“s”结尾却表示单数或不可数概念的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数Physics is my favorite subjects.Bad

5、 news has wings.单复数同形的名词sheep，deer，means，works（工厂）等作主语，谓语动词的数与实际意义一致Three sheep are eating grass there.A sheep is lying there.集体名词family，class，crew，team，group，public，audience，committee，government等作主语时，动词的单复数要根据主语所指的意义而定。当集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中各个成员时，谓语动词用复数The class consists of twenty-five boys

6、and twenty girls. The class are doing experiments.(三）就近一致1由or, nor, either . or ., neither . nor ., not only . but also .等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数与它临近的主语保持一致。Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter.2there be, here be后接几个并列名词时，谓语be动词的数遵循就近原则。There is an orange and four bananas left.（四）主谓一致的几个

7、难点（一）并列主语的主谓一致1当两个或两个以上作主语的单数名词用and, both .and连接，并表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数形式。但and连接的并列名词如果表示同一人、事或概念，且后面的名词前没有限定词，谓语动词用单数形式，如the needle and thread, the fork and knife, iron and steel, mud and sand等。Both tea and coffee are my favorites.The writer and professor, who I often refer to at the meetings, is popu

8、lar among those people.2由each, every, no,many a修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。No sound and (no) voice has been heard for a long time.Every boy and every girl is treated in the same way in our school. (二)数词和量词作主语时的主谓一致1“分数of/百分数of/the rest of/plenty of/the majority of/lots of/a lot of/a quantity

9、 of可数名词复数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数一般取决于of后名词的数。但quantities of .作主语时，谓语动词用复数。About one third of the books are worth reading.A quantity of water is needed for cooling purpose.Quantities of water are needed for cooling purpose.2“a great deal of/a large amount of不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。但large amounts of .作主语，谓语动词

10、用复数。A large amount of grain has been eaten by birds.Large amounts of grain have been eaten by birds.3a number of, a variety of修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；the number of, the variety of后接名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。The number of the students in our class is 50, and a number of them are from Hebei.A number of students have go

11、ne for an outing.4由kind, form, type, species, portion, series等修饰的主语，其谓语动词的单复数取决于这些词的数，而不是它们后面所跟名词的数。Some new forms of art were discussed at the meeting.(三)其他情况的主谓一致1当主语后带有as well as, as much as, no less than, with, along with, together with, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including, in add

12、ition to等连接的成分时，谓语动词的单复数取决于前面主语的单复数。The house, including the garden and the park, was sold.I think the boss, rather than the workers, was to blame for the loss.2在“one of复数名词who/which/that”引导的定语从句中，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。one前面如果有the only/very修饰，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。This is one of the questions that have been asked by

13、the students.He is the only one of the officers who was invited to the ball.3“more than one/many a(n)单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。More than one boy likes to play basketball while many a girl is good at playing baseball.4强调句it is/was . that/who .中，主句谓语总是用单数。It is he who tells us the news.5由两部分构成一个整体的物体名词如shoe

14、s, trousers, pants, jeans, glasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of, a piece of, a kind of, a series of等来修饰，谓语动词的单复数与表示计量单位的名词一致。His trousers are too long to wear.This pair of glasses was found in the bag.单句语法填空1(2018全国卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it _ (be) m

15、ore effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.2(2017全国卷)Fast food _ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.3(2016全国卷)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _ (be) often acceptable.单句改错1(2018全国

16、卷)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well._2(2016浙江高考)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us._3(2014全国卷)My dream school starts at 8：30 am. and ends . My dream school look like a big garden._4(2014辽宁高考)The early morning barking

17、have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby._5(2014陕西高考)Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky they looked like rain！_1.解析：is根据语境可知，此处叙述的是一般的客观事实，且本句中宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致，故使用一般现在时。it指代上一句的running regularly，是第三人称单数，故填is。2.解析：is本句中的主语是fast food，是不可数名词短语，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式，

18、且此处讲的是现状，所以填is。3.解析：is主语是“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”，所以谓语用单数形式；此处表示客观情况，用一般现在时。1.解析：includeincludes分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，修饰place，关系代词替代place在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致，谓语动词也使用第三人称单数的形式。2.解析：waswere从句中的主语是we，为复数，故be动词应该用were。3.解析：looklooks最后一句的主语是单数形式，所以谓语也用第三人称单数，根据前文可知应用一般现在时，所以用looks。5. 解析：waswere句中主语是“the arrows”，为复数形式，故be动词应该用were。4. 解析：havehas句子的主语为“The early morning barking”，故谓语动词应用单数形式。