2021届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解学案：《阅读精讲 精练3》长难句拔高体验 WORD版含答案.docx

1、长难句拔高体验本节资料难度五颗星，同学们做好心理准备了吗？来挑战一下自己吧！Round 1第一组【例句1】His function is analogous （类似的）to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in an obviousmatterthe course of reasoning which led him to his decision.【例句翻译】他的职责与法官的职责相似，必须承担这样的责任：用明显的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。【例句分析】句子的主干是His function is a

2、nalogous to that of a judge，后面是一个定语从句，修饰a judge，说明法官的职责是什么。注意revealing 的宾语是the course of reasoning（推理的过程），which led him to his decision是the course of reasoning的定语，而in an obviousmatter是作状语。【词语点拨】 obligation n.职责，义务We have amoralobligationto protect the environment.我们有道义责任保护环境。 in an obvious matter 明显

3、地，显然地They cannot pretend ignorancein an obvious matter.他们显然不能假装一无所知。【例句2】Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to spit the answer out for us, modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the worlds problems with this typ

4、e of analysisluckily for us.【例句翻译】虽然今天我们更习惯于在一个搜索引擎里打出几个关键词，然后等待互联网为我们吐出答案，但是现代的科学家和思想家们仍然在用这种分析方法来解决世界的问题-这对我们来说很幸运。【例句分析】该句是由although引导的让步状语从句和后面的主句组成的复合句。从句中谓语动词aremore accustomed to接两个v-ing形式由and连接起来。【词语点拨】 be / get accustomed to习惯于（做）某事（ to +名词/动名词）You will soonget accustomed tothe climate here

5、.你会很快习惯这里的气候的。 analysisn.分析；解析 analyze v.分析；解析We agreed with his acuteanalysisof the political situation.我们都同意他对政治形势的深刻分析。第二组【例句1】I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the

6、factual aspects of those problems.【例句翻译】我之所以把他排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实层面。【例句分析】主句是I have excluded him，从句是原因状语从句，而because原因状语从句又包含一个主从结构，其主句是he has not been charged those problems，从句是while his accomplishments moral problems。the task of approaching any实际表示the task of approaching

7、 any moral problems but the factual aspects of those problems，即他所承担的任务不是解决任何道德问题，而是处理（研究）这些问题的事实层面。【词语点拨】 to be charged with 被控；承担，负责Hewas charged withlying to federal officers. 他被控向联邦官员撒谎。Hewas charged withthe responsibility of designing all new public buildings. 他负责设计所有新建的公共建筑。 approach v. 接近；处理Th

8、e officials in Hubei knew disaster wasapproaching. 湖北的政府官员知道灾难即将到来。How should Iapproachthe issue and solve it? 我该怎么处理并解决这一问题呢？【例句2】And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in larg

9、e space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planets reddish surface. 【例句翻译】由于短期经济回报有疑问、冷战在人们记忆中迅速消失，以及越来越强调在大型空间探险中的国际合作；很清楚的是，迫使人类在那个红色星球表面留下足迹的不是经济利益或国家利益，而是必须履行的使命。【例句分析】句子的主干是it is clear that imper

10、atives will have to compel human beings to leave tracks on the planets reddish surface. 两个with分别引导两个伴随状语。【词语点拨】doubtful imperativeadj. 可疑的；不能确定的n. 必要的事；命令；使命prospecttrackn. 前途；预期n. 轨道；足迹venturereddishn. 冒险旅行；（有风险的）企业adj. 微红的；红色的 compelvt. 强迫，迫使Last year, ill healthcompelledhis retirement.去年他因身体不好被迫退

11、休了。Round 2第一组【例句1】They believe (that) their dance with each sacred moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.【例句翻译】他们相信他们与每一个神圣时刻的舞蹈都是生命的一个礼物，风暴是生活中很自然的一部分，它为情感和心灵的成长带来雨水的滋润。【例句分析】本句包含两个并列的宾语从句和一个定语从句，their

12、dance with与that storms are两个并列的宾语从句，作believe的宾语；which can bring引导定语从句，修饰先行词storms。【词语点拨】 gift n. 礼物，赠品 n.天赋，天资，才能have a gift for 在有天赋One of my wonderful memories is about a Christmasgift.我最美好的记忆之一是关于圣诞礼物的。Ive always been able to learn languages easily, beacaue Ihave a gift forit.我学习语言一向是轻而易举，因为这是天赋。

13、 sacred adj. 神的；神圣的The owl issacredfor many Californian Indian people.猫头鹰对于很多加利福尼亚的印第安人来说是神圣的。【例句2】Now scientists believe thatthis peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the earth, causingstrong solar storms thatcould jam the telecommun

14、ications satellites and internet links sending live Olympic broadcast from London.【例句翻译】如今科学家认为这次（太阳风暴）的高峰会导致产生大量的爆炸物，它们会向地球抛出数十亿吨的带电粒子（charged matter），从而产生强烈的太阳风暴，这会干扰通信卫星和从伦敦发送奥运直播的网络连接。【例句分析】本句包含一个宾语从句，that this peak could result in from London 作believe 的宾语; 在该句中又含有两个定语从句，that could throw billion

15、s of tons of 修饰先行词explosions, that could jam the telecommunications satellites修饰先行词solar storms。 同时，sending liveOlympic broadcast from London 是现在分词短语作后置定语修饰前面的 internet links （网络连接）。【词语点拨】 result in造成，导致 result from 因发生；随产生His hard workresulted inexcellent grades in his exams.他的努力使他在考试中取得了优异的成绩。Poll

16、ution and other serious problems have alsoresulted fromhuman progress.人类的发展引起了污染和其他严重的问题。 charge vt.（向）收费，开价；控告 n.费用；主管，负责I wonder how much youcharge foryour services.我想知道你们收取多少服务费。Sheis chargedwithmurdering her husband.她被控告谋害亲夫。Your order will be sentfree of charge.你订的货物将免费运送。Could I speak to whoev

17、er isin chargeofInternational Sales please?我能同负责国际销售的主管谈谈吗？第二组【例句1】A temperature increase of 1F may not sound like a lot, butifwe continue to produce carbon dioxide and other gases in such huge quantities, we are condemninglife on Earth and should expect severe consequences.【例句翻译】气温升高1华摄氏度听起来无所谓，但是如

18、果我们继续制造如此多的的二氧化碳和其他气体， 我们将毁灭地球上的生命，后果将非常严重。【例句分析】该句主干是一个but连接的并列句，第二个分句又是一个由if引导的条件状语从句。【词语点拨】 quantity n.量；数量；大量 The factory turns out a largequantityof paper products.这家工厂生产大量的纸制品。 condemn vt. 谴责；判处 ；迫使接受困境We must notcondemnher on pure supposition.我们千万不能单凭猜测就谴责她。 consequence n.结果；后果；影响It terrified

19、 me to contemplate theconsequenceof your action.一想到你行动的后果，我就感到害怕。【例句2】That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels.【例句翻译】这一点很重要，因为理论表明，当目标鱼种的生物量大致降至最初水平的50时，渔场

20、才能收获最大的持续捕鱼量。【例句分析】That matters是全句的主干，后面是一个表示原因的从句，而从句又包含一个表示时间的状语从句。【词语点拨】yield v. 生产，生长；屈从 n. 产量；收益The dooryieldedto a gentle push. 轻轻一推，门就开了The child pleaded, but the parents wouldntyield. 孩子苦苦哀求，但父母就是不让步。This yearsyieldfrom the coal mine was very large. 今年这煤矿产量甚丰。crop n. 农作物；产量 v. 收获，收割crop up 突

21、然出现；突然发生A difficulty hascropped upat work. 工作中突然出现困难。matter n. 物质；事件 vi. 有关系；要紧It doesntmatterto me what you do.你做什么我无所谓。The childrenmattermore to her than anything else in the world.对于她来说，在这个世界上没有比孩子更重要的了。Round 3第一组【例句1】He also dismissd concern in the media that parliament was slipping into the Tha

22、mes, while the commissions spokesman denied that the walls around the palace were suffering from a particularly bad sinking problem causing Big Ben to lean.【例句翻译】他还摒除了媒体对议会会滑落到泰晤士河的顾虑，而委员会的发言人则否认是宫殿周围的墙受到严重的下沉，使得大本钟倾斜。【例句分析】本句包含一个同位语从句和一个宾语从句，that parliament was slipping into the Thames作concern 的同位语

23、；that the walls around the palace were suffering from作denied 的宾语。【词语点拨】 concern n.担心，忧虑 vt.与有关，涉及，影响；使担心Issues like food safety doconcernme.食品安全这类问题确实让我很担心。On the whole the warming of the earth is a phenomenon that causes greatconcern.总的说来，地球变暖现象引起了极大的忧虑。This chapterconcernsitselfwiththe historical

24、background.本章是关于历史背景的。They meet every summer to discuss major problems thatconcernthe whole world.每年夏天他们都这类问题确实让我担心。 deny vt.否认，否定deny doing sth 否定做某事Hedeniedtaking money but we were sceptical.他否认收受了贿赂，但我们很怀疑。I neverdenythat youre a great intellect.我从不否认你很有才智。 suffer from v.经历，遭受He issuffering fromt

25、heloss of his old friend.他正遭受失去朋友的痛苦。【例句2】Though they come from all over, they all seem to look alike (lean, pointed, dedicated faces), wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing room tickets h

26、eld for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 1030 a.m.【例句翻译】他们长相一样（尽管他们来自四面八方）瘦削、专注的面孔，穿着牛仔服和凉鞋，啃着面包，在剧院外的石板台阶上席地而卧，等着购买20张坐票和80张站票，这些戏票是剧院为席地而卧的人预备的，并在上午1030向他们出售。【例句分析】They all seem to look alike是句子的主干结构，though they come from all over是让步状语从句。括号中的成分是插入语，对they，即the young people

27、 进一步加以说明。后面几个并列的现在分词短语wearing 、eating、bedding作伴随状语。 to buy是动词不定式作目的状语，held for 和sold to them是过去分词作后置定语修饰tickets。【词语点拨】pointed adj.“尖的，尖削的”a pointed nose 尖鼻子a pointed face 尖脸dedicated adj.专注的，一心一意的be dedicated to，dedicate oneself to 和 dedicate ones life to 都是意为“献身于”。He is a dedicated musician. 他是一富有献

28、身精神的音乐家。第二组【例句1】I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in lifethe activity of thinking in Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moralproblems.【例句翻译】我会把他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任和快乐的人。【例句分析】本句的主干结构比较简单：I shall define him as an individual。但是注意修饰an individual的是一

29、个定语从句，定语从句的宾语是the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems，因为太长了，所以将其后置，这也是本句难点所在。定语从句原顺序是：who has electedthe activity of thinking in Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moralproblemsas his primary duty and pleasure in life.介词结构 as his primary duty and pleasure in life 作其补语。【词语点拨】 define v. 定

30、义；解释define sth as sth 将某物定义为某物The Chinese term of yuanfen in common usage canbe defined asthe binding force that links two persons together in any relationship.汉语中的“缘分”通常是用来表示任意一种关系中两人之间的“凝聚力”。Job stress canbe defined asthe harmful physical and emotional responses one experiences at work.职业压力可以定义为人们

31、在工作时所遇到的有害的身体和情感反应。 elect v. 选举；选择；决定elect sth as sth 推选为Sheelectedto return to work after her baby was born. 她决定孩子出生后再去做工作。Hewas elected asmonitor. 他被选为班长。【例句2】The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that t

32、he Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite（陨石）from Mars. 【例句翻译】由于越来越多的证据表明这个红色行星上曾经有稳定而丰富的液态水，又因人们对从火星的一颗带有细菌化石的陨石落到地球上的说法一直有争议，所以火星上是否存在过生命、是否延续至今的问题一直引人注目。【例句分析】句子的主干是This issue has bee

33、n highlighted. 句中两个whether引导的从句做of的宾语；两个that所引导的从句分别做evidence和suggestions的同位语。 【词语点拨】persistvi. 坚持；持续persist in doing sth 坚持做Why do youpersist in blamingyourself for what happened?你何必为已发生的事没完没了地自责？controversyn. 争论；辩论a bittercontroversyover/aboutthe site of the new airport有关新机场选址的激烈争论highlightv. 突出；强

34、调；使显著The reporthighlightsthe major problems facing society today.报告特别强调了当今社会所面临的主要问题。翻译小练试着将以下句子翻译成中文，注意句式结构及成分的分析。1. We need to thank the great men of the past for the wisdom to know that we dont know it all and probably never will, for that would mean a world without questions.2. What has happened

35、 is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. 3. They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of the

36、m make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.答案助解1. We need to thank the great men of the past for the wisdom to know that we dont know it all and probably never will, for that would mean a world without questions.【句子翻译】我们要感谢历史上伟人的才智，它让我们懂得我们不是什么都懂，将来也不会

37、什么都懂，因为如果我们什么都懂，那将意味着一个毫无疑问的世界。【句式分析】该句是for引导的原因状语从句。主句是We need to thank . for.，to know that 做the wisdom的定语。原因状语从句中的主语that代上文的we dont know it all and probably never will，谓语部分是虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的假设。2. What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in res

38、ponse, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. 【句子翻译】发生的事情是这样的：每当一种原料似乎将要短缺时，价格就上升，相应地，人们就寻找新的供应来源，尽量找到少用这种材料的方法，或者寻找替代品。【句式分析】句子的主干是What has happened is that。主语是what引导的主语从句，that引导的表语从句，该表语从句中every time 引导一个时间状语从句，

39、为第三层从句。3. They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.【句子翻译】他们可以教得更好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的人的问题进行独立思考。【句式分析】本句是主要由表示转折关系的并列句组成。第一个分句They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries 相对简单，第二个分句较难之处是human problems跟了一个定语从句 which involve moral judgment 。