中考英语词汇归类复习.pdf

1、中考英语词汇归类复习一、从用法上复习归纳词汇，过语法关英语词汇大多具有本身词义外，还有其语法功能，我们在复习时就不要把着眼点单纯放在单词记忆上，而要从它们的语法功能上去把握它们。如在复习动词时我们就要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点，从它们的用法上进行分类记忆。这样，既可记住词汇，又可攻克语法难关。1.宾语不同，意义也不同英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语，但意义不同。它们是高考试题的考查重点。这类词主要有：go on doing(继续干同一件事)go on to do(接着去干另一件事)stop doing sth.(停止正在干的事)stop to do sth.(停下来去干某事

2、)regret doing(后悔干了某事)regret to do(相当于 be sorry to do)forget/remember doing(忘记/记得已做过的事)forget/rem-ember to do(忘记/记得要干的事)mean doing(意味着干)mean to do(想干)try doing(尝试做)try to do(设法做)(95高考)You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.Well,now I regret_ _that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have don

3、e D.having done (92高考)I usually go there by train.Why not_by boat for a change?A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going (87高考)They would not allow him_across the line.A.to risk going B.risking going C.for risk to go D.risk going 2.都可接宾语和宾补，形式却不同某些动词如 forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit

4、,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词，但接宾补时，宾补要用不定式。如：We forbid smoking here.(宾语)We forbid you to smoke here.(宾补)You are forbidden to smoke here.(主补)3.宾语不同、语态不同，意义却相同有些词如 need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式)，可接动名词(要用主动形式表被动意义)，可与worth,worthy一并记忆。两种形式意义相同。如：The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.(85高考)This

5、sentence needs_.A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved 4.只接不定式作宾语的词和词组只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有：decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,make up ones mind,used,be about,be able,have等。如：(89 高考)She pretended_me when I passed by.A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.hav

6、ing not seen 5.只接动名词作宾语的词和词组只接动名词作宾语的词和词组：mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feel like,look forward to,cant help,keep(on),miss,be usedto,excuse,be worth,imagine,put off,give up等。如：(92高考)I would appreciate_back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your cal

7、ling D.you are calling (87高考)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed_.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch 6.系动词系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语，这类词有：表感观的系动词：look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,appear(这些词用形容词作表语)表变化的系动词：bee,get,turn,grow,make,e,go,fall,run表依旧的系动词：remain,keep,stay,continue,stan

8、d,rest,lie,hold 可带名词作表语的系动词：be,bee,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn(该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如：He turned teacher.)(91高考)These oranges taste_.A.good B.well C.to be good D.to be well 7.含 被动 意味的动词有些动词，如sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull,clean,add,cook,let(出租)等，

9、它们的主语是事物，且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态，与行为方式状语连用时，要用主动形式表被动意义：My pen writes smoothly.我的笔好写。Oil burns easily.油易燃烧。(88高考)That suit_over 60 dollars.A.had costed B.costed C.is cost D.cost (97高考)Is this raincoat yours?No,mine_there behind the door.A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung 8.具有两种形式的易混动词中学英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种过去

10、式或两种过去分词形式，使用或考测时极易弄混。如：hang,hanged,hanged(绞死)hang,hung,hung(挂起)light,lit,lit(点燃，作谓语)light,lighted,lighted(过去分词作形容词用时，意谓 燃烧着的 ，作定语)drink,drank,drunk/drunken(喝，饮;过去分词作形容词同时，意谓 醉的，drunk 多作表语，drunke n 多作定语)sink,sank,sunk/sunken(下沉;过去分词 sunken 作形容词用时，作定语)bear,bore,born(出生)bear,bore,borne(结果;生育)The woman

11、,who was born in 1940,has borne five children.lie(撒谎),lied,lied,lying lie(躺，卧，位于)，lay,lain,lying (89高考)Do you know the boy_under the big tree?A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying 英语词汇的搭配十分活跃，复习时我们要把重点放在某些常用的动词、名词或介词、副词。我们可按下列方式进行对比归纳。1.常用的搭配活跃的名词:常用的搭配较活跃的名词有：time,way,moment,means 等。如 time 的搭配短语在中学教材中出现有：i

12、n no time(立刻,马上)，on time(按时)，in time(及时、迟早、最终)，at a time(一次)，behind the times(落伍)，behind time(不及时,晚点)，at one time(曾经)，for a time(一度)，at othe r times(其它时候，平素)，at times(有时候)，at all times(一直,经常)(93高考)If you keep on,you will sueed_.A.in time B.at one time C.on time D.at the same time (94高考)Dont all spea

13、k at once!_,please.A.Each at on time B.One by one time C.One for each time D.One at a time 2.常用的搭配活跃的动词:常用的搭配活跃的动词有：look,take,make,give,get,have,go,do,turn,put,set,e等。复习时我们要尽量将具有相反意义的介词、副词与同一动词的搭配罗列在一起对比记忆，如 turn 一词：turn on(打开)，turn off(关上)，turn up(放大音量等;出现)，turn down(放小音量等;拒绝)，turn in(上交)，turn agai

14、nst(反对)，turn out(生产)，turn away(避开)(81高考)Would you mind_your radio a little?A.turn off B.turning off C.to turn down D.turning down (92高考)Readers can_quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.A.get over B.get out of C.get away D.get off 3.常用的搭配活跃的介词、副词:搭配活跃的介词、副词有：in,out,up,down,on,off

15、,to,from,for,over,with等。复习时，我们要从不同动词、名词等与同一介词、副词搭配进行逐一过关，如on的搭配有：on 与动词的搭配:get on(上车/船等)，live on(以为生)，feed on(以为生)，take on(接受;雇用)，turn on(打开开关/电器等)，look on(旁观)，spy on(侦察/窥探)，call on(号召;拜访)，go on(继续)，have on(穿戴)，dependon(依靠)，wait on(侍候)，carry on(执行)，hold on(坚持)，insi st on(坚持)，play tr-icks on(戏弄)，fix

16、on(注视)，impress on(留下印象)on 与名词搭配(注意冠词的取舍):on duty(值班)，on business(因公;因事)，on fire(燃烧)，on show(展览)，on time(准时)，on strike(罢工)，on watch(监视，观察)，on sale(出售;大减价)，on earth(到底，究竟)，on journey(旅游)，on foot(步行)，on purpose(故意)，on the way(在路上)，on the contrary(相反)，on one hand(一方面)，on the right(在右边)，on the whole(总而言之

17、)，on ones own(独自)，on ones side(支持，站在某一方)，on holiday/leave(度假/请假)其它情况：later on(后来)，from now/then on(从现在/那时起)，on aount of(由于，因为)(93高考)We offered him our congratulations_his passing the college entrance exams.A.at B.on C.for D.of (91高考)A new school was_in the village last year.A.held up B.set up C.sent up D.brought up 1.动作动词和结果动词:英语中有些动词虽然意义相同，但用法不同，有的表示某个动作，而另一个则表示该动作所产生的结果，这类动词常见的有：look for(寻找)，find(找到);look(看)，see(看见);listen(听)，hear(听到);try(试 图，不说明是否成功)，manage(设法，侧重做到);advise(劝告，不说明是否劝成)，persuade(劝服，内容仅供参考