美国手语初级教材 第一单元.pdf

1、Unit One Objectives To learn proper greetings and farewells in ASL To introduce yourself and others To learn basic ASL sentence structure To ask and answer questions To learn how to interact appropriately with Deaf people To learn the role of facial expressions and non-manual signalsU N I T O N EWel

2、come!2UNIT ONE Welcome!Unit One Vocabularyto be Absent.30Afternoon .7Again,repeat .17American SignLanguage .17Bathroom .17Blank face.26to be Bored .26to be Busy .5Can,may.29Cant,may not .29to be Confused .5Deaf.12Deixis .6Dont know.29Dont like .29Dont understand .29Due,to owe .30Evening,night .7to b

3、e Excited .26Eye contact .8Facial expressions .26Favorite .30Fine.5Focus,pay attention .8Friend .12to Go to .17to be Good,well .5Good-bye .20Handwave.14to be Happy .5Hard of hearing .12He/she/it .6Hearing .12Hello .4Hi.4Hold on.8Homework .8I am,me .6I dont mind .30Im not,not me.29to Introduce .12to

4、Know.29Last .10Later .20to Learn.17to Like .29Look at me .8to be Mad,angry .26Me too,same here .20to Meet .12Morning .7Movie .30My .12Name.10Nice.12NMS:Head nod .28NMS:Head shake.28NMS:Question-Maker .15No .17No eye contact .8Nothing,not much .5Please .17to Practice.30to be Sad .26Same old,the usual

5、 .5to be Scared,afraid .26School.30to See.20Shoulder tap.14to be Sick .26to Sign,sign language.17to be Sleepy .5Slow,to slow down .17So-so .5Take care .20Thank you.17They are .6to be Tired .5Today,now .30Tomorrow.20Turn off voice.14to Understand.29to Want .12We are,us .6Whats up .4Yes.17You are .6Yo

6、u are(plural).6Key PhrasesHow are you?.4Im fine .4Nice to meet you .12See you later .20See you tomorrow .20What is your name?.9Whats for homework?.83Welcome!UNIT ONEIn her role as an ASL teacher,Rita presents information that focuses onASL grammar and Deaf culture,gives tips on how to improve yoursi

7、gning,and answers common questions students have about ASL.For example,a frequent questions is:“What is the differencebetween deaf and Deaf?”When deaf is not capitalized,it describesones hearing status.When capitalized,Deaf describes those individuals who are proud to be deaf and consider themselves

8、 members of the Deaf culture.They use American Sign Language astheir preferred means of communication.Four characters highlighting the variety of backgrounds within the Deaf community are profiled throughoutMaster ASL!Level One.They will present useful vocabulary,highlight aspects of Deaf culture,an

9、d share theiraccomplishments and interests.You will realize that the lives of Deaf people are very much like your own.Sean lives in Boston,Massachusetts,and is the onlyDeaf person in his family.Originally from Texaswhere he attended the Texas School for the Deaf,he now attends a public school and us

10、es sign lan-guage interpreters in his classes.Marc,his brother,and a younger sister are Deaf;his mother is hard of hearing,and his father ishearing.He plays football at a school for theDeaf,is a member of the speech and debate teamand is involved in student government.He planson attending Gallaudet

11、University,the worldsonly university for Deaf students.Kelly,like Sean,is the onlyDeaf person inher family,though sheconsiders her-self lucky becauseher parents andolder brother all learnedAmerican Sign Language.Kellyenjoys drama,photography,and spending time onher creative writing.She wants to teac

12、h Deaf childrenafter college.A pet peeve?When hearing people say,“Illtell you later”or“Its not important.”Kris is a university student studying government and lawwhose siblings,parents,andgrandparents are all Deaf.An avid athlete,she lovesto snowboard,ski,andplay tennis.When she isnt studying,she ca

13、n befound spending time with her family and isespecially fond of story-telling competitions.KRISSEANKELLYMARCRITAMeet the Characters4UNIT ONE Welcome!GreetingsWhen signing to a friend,sign Hi!,butwith adults or people you dont knowwell,use the more formal Hello.Whether you want to be formal orcasual

14、,accompanying the sign with asmile means a lot to both Deaf andhearing people!Whats up?is aninformal way to ask How are you?inboth American Sign Language andEnglish.You can also sign Whats up?one-handed,but both signs must include raising your chin.Hello!Hi!Whats up?Whats up?How are you?Im fine.How

15、are you?5Welcome!UNIT ONE1Hello!Exchange greetings with a classmate and ask how he or she is doing.2How are you?Ask a partner to tell you how another classmate is doing.3Greetings.Look at the list of people in italics.Would you use Whats up?or How are you?to greetthem?1.an acquaintance4.your partner

16、7.buddy10.school 2.parents5.your ASL teacher8.younger brotheradministrator3.an ASL student6.grandmother9.teacherVocabularyClassroom Exercise To be busyConfusedFineTo be good,well To be happyNothing,not muchSame old,the usualSleepySo-soTo be tiredAHow are you?&Whats up?How is he/she?He/she is happy.6

17、UNIT ONE Welcome!ASL Up CloseDeixisI am,meYou areHe,she,it isWe are,usYou are(plural)They arePointing is a logical feature ofa signed,non-spoken language.It is not considered rude orimpolite.If a person or objectis not visible,point to anempty space and continuesigning.Using the index fingerto point

18、 is called deixis.Classroom Exercise BFYI Dont forget to point backto the person.American Sign Language is of great value to the deaf,but could also be of great benefit tothe hearing as well.It is superior to spoken language in its beauty and emotional expressiveness.It brings kindred souls into a m

19、uch more close and conscious communionthan mere speech can possibly do.Thomas H.Gallaudet,1848How is everybody?Sign each sentence in ASL following the example.Use deixis as needed.Conjugating Verbs:To Be1.They are busy.5.Shes good.2.She is happy.6.Im sleepy.3.I am confused.7.Its so-so.4.We are happy

20、.8.Hes fine.“”Im not too bad7Welcome!UNIT ONEVocabularyMore GreetingsClassroom Exercise C1Greetings.Greet your classmates and ask how they are doing.2Dialogue.Work with a partner to sign a dialogue using vocabulary youve learned.3What time of day is it?Is it afternoon,evening,or morning in each illu

21、stration?MorningEvening,nightAfternoon+123456788UNIT ONE Welcome!Classroom Exercise 1Using Eyes on ASL.Work with a partner to sign a dialogue that includes signs learned in Eyes on ASL#1.2Eye contact.What similarity do you see in the signs eye contact,look at me,and no eye contact?Whatdo you think i

22、t means?3Hold on.Practice using the hold on sign with your teacher or a classmate.What is a polite way of signing hold on?What about a rude or impolite way?Homework ExerciseWhats for homework?ATeach a friend or family member how togreet you in American Sign Language.BPractice fingerspelling your fir

23、st and lastname until you become comfortablespelling quickly and clearly.Watch the DVDfor examples of fingerspelling.1DEyes on ASL#1 Eye contactHold onLook at meWhich sign means focus or pay attention,and which means no eye contact?How do you know?Maintain eye contact when signing to others or when

24、others sign to you.Maintaining eye contact does not mean staring.If you must look away,make the hold on sign first.Fingerspelling Names9Welcome!UNIT ONENamesWhat is your name?My name is Kelly Boyd.I Want to Know.Why do I have to point twice?Pointing back to yourself or the person youre talking about

25、shows completion of a train of thought.This allows somebodyelse to begin signing without interrupting you.Using deixis at theend of a sentence is called a closing signal.Closing signals areespecially important when asking questions using the Question-Maker(page 15)or the WH-Face(page 42).Remember to

26、 use aclosing signal when:Making a statement or comment about yourself or somebody else.Asking a question.Eyes on ASL#2Always use a closing signal to complete asigned sentence.ASL sentences lacking closingsignals are incomplete.10UNIT ONE Welcome!Classroom Exercise E1Introduce yourself to your class

27、mates,finger-spelling your complete name carefully.2Practice signing each sentence in ASL.1.She is Nina Patel.6.My name is _?_.2.My name is Cheryl.7.She is Erin.3.Hes Tyler Brophy.8.His name is Jeff.4.Im Niki,hes Aaron.9.Her name is Lisa.5.Hes Luis Cortez.10.Her name is _?_.NameLastEyes on ASL#3 The

28、re is no such thing as a one-word answer or reply inAmerican Sign Language.When responding to a question or state-ment,one-word replies are incomplete.Introductions in the Deaf community tend to include both first and last names.Often,new acquaintances know relatives or have friends in common.Many D

29、eaf peoplehave stories about meeting a friend of afriend in other cities,states,and evencountries!How is this similar or differentfrom your own community?Deaf Culture MinuteClassroom Exercise F1What are their names?Provide each persons name in a complete ASL sentence,following the example.2What is y

30、our name?Ask classmates for their names.Fingerspell it back to make sure youre right.3First&last.Practice fingerspelling the first and last names of your classmates.Pause slightlybetween the first and last name.1234511Welcome!UNIT ONEClassroom Exercise G1Classroom introductions.Introduce two classma

31、tes to each other.2Introductions.Sign the following dialogues in pairs or groups of three as needed.Use deixis to sign“this.”Dialogue 1Student A.Hi!How are you?Student B.Im fine.How are you?Student A.Im good.Im Eric Morse.Im Deaf.Student B.Hi,my name is Chris Sarn.Im hearing.Dialogue 2Student A.What

32、s up?How are you?Student B.Im busy.How are you?Student A.Same old.I want you to meet myfriend Cara.Student B.Hi,Cara.How are you?Student C.Im fine.Nice to meet you.IntroductionsIntroductions in the Deaf community vary depending on whether one is hearing or Deaf.If you are Deaf,back-ground informatio

33、n like where one goes or went to school is exchanged.If you are hearing,then you will beintroduced as a hearing person who knows or is learning American Sign Language.This exchange of informationallows everybody to understand where he or she is coming from and reduces cultural misunderstandings.It i

34、sculturally appropriate to shake hands when meeting new people or greeting friends.Like many hearing people,Deaf friends often hug each other when saying hello and good-bye.Her name is Lisa.I want to introduce my friend.12UNIT ONE Welcome!VocabularyFriendHearingHard of hearingTo introduceTo meetDeaf

35、Nice to meet youTo wantMyNiceIntroductionsFYI Use deixisinstead of the sign my whensigning“My name is.”When fingerspelling your complete name,youdont need to sign last name between the first and last name.Just pause briefly and continue on!Accent Steps13Welcome!UNIT ONEClassroom Exercise HIntroducin

36、g a FriendDialogue.Practice signing thedialogue with a classmate.Answer the comprehensionquestions when done.FYI These blue segmentsshow the completion of a thought orconcept,like punctuation markers.When signing classroom or homeworkexercises,take a slight pause each timeyou see the blue marker.1Co

37、mprehension.Answer each question in ASL.1.Who is Deaf?Who is hearing?2.Is Lisa a friend of Kris or Sean?3.Who introduced Lisa?2Sign the dialogue with a different partner.14UNIT ONE Welcome!Interacting with Deaf PeopleAs a student of American Sign Language,learn how to interact with the Deaf communit

38、y by becoming famil-iar with Deaf cultural behaviors that differ from the way you are used to doing things as a hearing person.One cultural behavior youve already learned is that it is considered rude to break eye contact when signingwith Deaf people,which for most hearing people is often difficult.

39、Think of how often you turn your head inthe direction of sound and you can realize it will be a challenge to break this habit!Getting the attention of a Deaf person isdifferent from the way you interact withhearing people.Many hearing peopletend to work harder than necessary togain a Deaf individual

40、s attention by wildly swinging their hands in the air,stomping on the floor,or flashing over-head lights in a strobe-like pattern.Noneof this is necessary!Gently tapping theDeaf persons shoulder or slightly wavinga hand in his or her direction until youare noticed is the most effective and considera

41、te way to get attention.Using your voice to talk to another hearing individual instead of signingwhen a Deaf person is near is considered rude.Develop the habit of alwayssigning when you know a Deaf person is in the same room with you.Thisway,everybody has equal access to what is being communicated.

42、If youmust speak to a hearing person who doesnt know ASL,then tell your Deaffriend or teacher that first,before speaking.You may be surprised to learnthat most Deaf people know when hearing people are talking,even if someone is whispering.How so?Remember,Deaf people rely on theirvision far more than

43、 hearing people do!Your teacher may remind you toturn off voice if youre being rude in class.Deaf CultureHandwaveTurn off voiceShoulder tapGETTING ATTENTIONNOTEVOICES15Welcome!UNIT ONEClassroom Exercise I1Questions.Use the Question-Maker with the vocabulary on the right to make a complete sentence.2

44、Responses.Use the signs yes or no in response to the samequestions in Part 1.An example is provided.1234FYI Slowly shakeyour head during sentencesbeginning with no.ASL Up CloseTheQuestion-MakerRaising youreyebrowsforms the Question-Maker,anexpression that shows you areasking a question.Keep the eyeb

45、rows raised until youvecompleted signing the question.In the example,notice the onlydifference between a questionand a comment is the facialexpression.The signs them-selves remain the same.Question-MakerIm going to the bathroom.Am I going to the bathroom?16UNIT ONE Welcome!Do you“talk”silently while

46、 signing?Some hearing people do this out of habit,and others think it helps Deafpeople lipread.Only about 30%of the English language can be lipread.Deaf people lipread English,notAmerican Sign Language,so dont mix the two.Sometimes a Deaf person will“talk”silently to help hearingpeople understand wh

47、at is being signed,but dont with those who understand ASL.You will learn the rolethe lips have as part of the non-manual signals used in ASL.In the meantime,dont pronounce the Englishtranslation on your lips while signing!Classroom Exercise J1Community.You are about to attend your first Deaf event.P

48、ractice how you would introduce yourself and explain you are learning ASL.2Language differences.Practice signing each sentence.When done,translate them into writtenEnglish.What differences do you see between ASL and English?123Accent Steps17Welcome!UNIT ONEVocabularyAmerican Sign LanguageBathroomTo

49、go toNoYesThank youTo learnPleaseAgain,repeatTo sign,sign languageSlow,to slow downMakingConversationClassroom Exercise K1Making conversation.Complete the sentence using appropriate vocabulary,andsign it to a classmate.Repeat when done.1.Hello,my name is _.Im learning _.2.What is _ name?Are you Deaf

50、?3.Please _ slowly.4.I want to meet _.What is your name?5.Im hearing.Are you?2More conversation.Fill in the blanks withappropriate vocabulary and sign it to a classmate.Repeat when done.1.Hi,whats up?Nice _ you.2.Are you _?3._ hearing._ learning ASL.4.Please _ again.5.I _ learn sign language.3Dialog

51、ue.Create a dialogue with a partnerusing vocabulary youve learned.When you use deixis,look towards the area youre pointing to.This is called eye gaze and helps“hold”thatlocation for the person or thing youre signing about.Accent Steps18UNIT ONE Welcome!1Asking questions.Use the Question-Maker to ask

52、 a partner several questions.Be sure to respondin a complete sentence,including a closing signal.When done,switch roles and repeat the exercise.2Correcting information.Work with a partner and ask him or her each question.Your partner will respond according to the information in bold.Switch roles and

53、 repeat.1.Is he/she paying attention?(Yes,he/she is paying attention.)2.Are you sick?(No,Im fine.)3.Do they want to learn ASL?(Yes,they want to learn sign language.)4.Are you sleepy?(Yes,I am sleepy.)5.Are you Deaf?(No,I am hearing.)3Dialogue.Work with a partner to make a dialogue about a hearing AS

54、L student meeting a Deaf person.Classroom Exercise LHomework ExerciseAWrite a dialogue between two or more characters in which everybody is introduced.Use deixis,eyegaze,and the ASL vocabulary youve learned so far.Prepare to sign the dialogue with a partner.BPrepare to introduce yourself formally to

55、 your classmates in American Sign Language.Practice greeting signs and fingerspelling your name clearly.CWrite assignments A or B in ASL gloss.1.Are you learning sign language?2.Are you hearing?3.Do you want to learn ASL?4.Do you want to meet my friend?5.Good morning.How are you?FYI A widespread pet

56、 peeve in theDeaf community is someone who says deathinstead of Deaf,especially when they ask“Areyou death?”2Are you learning how to sign?Yes,Im learning how to sign./Yes,Im learning sign language.19Welcome!UNIT ONEThe signgood-bye is a well-known way to say fare-well.Signing take care is aninformal

57、 way to say good-bye.Often,good-byes are nevercomplete until plans are madefor the next time friends willsee each other again.Shakinghands and hugging is common.It is considered impolite andrude to leave a group of Deaffriends without saying good-byeto each person,which meansfarewells can take a lon

58、g time!Is this similar to howhearing people leavegroups of friends?Good-bye!Yes,tomorrow morning.Take care!Me too!Ill see you tomorrow.Im happy to have met you!Dont add the separate sign for youwhen signing see you later or see youtomorrow.Accent StepsSigning Good-byeGood-bye.Watch Marcand Kris sign

59、farewell onyour studentDVD.20UNIT ONE Welcome!1Farewells.Practice signing good-bye with your classmates.When will you see them again?2Dialogue.Create a dialogue with a partner that includes greetings,introductions,and farewells.3Conversation.Complete each sentence with signs from the vocabulary sect

60、ion below.Classroom Exercise M123VocabularyFarewellsGood-byeTomorrowTake careTo see,to see youLaterMe too,same hereSee you laterSee you tomorrow21Welcome!UNIT ONEGrammar review.Can you spot the errors in each sentence?Identify the error and sign the corrected sentence.Classroom Exercise N12345Homewo

61、rk ExerciseAPractice signing three different ways of saying farewell with a friend.Practice the farewells until yousign them clearly.BCreate 5 incorrect ASL sentences,similar to those seen in Classroom Exercise N.Explain why eachsentence is wrong and how to correct them.322UNIT ONE Welcome!Focus:How

62、 do people learn The majority of Deaf people are raised in families wheredeafness is not common.Approximately 10 percent ofDeaf people have Deaf parents and grow up in familieswhere American Sign Language is used daily.When thesetwo populations came together at schools for the deaf,those who did not

63、 know sign language,learned from theDeaf children with Deaf parents.Often,the use of signlanguage was forbidden at schools for the deaf but thedesire for a natural,visual language could not be suppressed.Many Deaf people can share stories of onlybeing allowed to sign when class was not in session.He

64、aring people who learned ASL tended to be children ofdeaf adults or individuals whoworked with the deaf.In the 1960s,ASL gained recognition as a unique language differentfrom English.In the 1970s,schools for the Deaf began using ASL toteach their students and sign language classes for hearing people

65、mushroomed across the United States.By the 1980s,the Deafcommunity was considered a cultural minority rather than agroup of disabled persons,an important change based largely onthe successful Deaf President Now movement at GallaudetUniversity,the worlds only university for the Deaf.At thesame time,D

66、eaf accom-plishments in the arts,film,and television brought widerexposure to the Deaf community.By the1990s,American Sign Language became the fastest growinglanguage offered as a second or foreign language,a trend thatcontinues today.The best way to learn any language,including ASL,is toimmerse you

67、rself in the community where the language isused.Make Deaf friends and attend Deaf sporting,theatrical,and social events when invited.You will quickly realize thereis a different“Deaf World”to learn about and participate in,provided you make the effort to sign.As a student learningASL,it is up to yo

68、u to learn the language and culture of theDeaf community.You can do this by being open-minded,practicing,and taking an interest in the Deaf community.Suppressing the learning and use of signlanguage has taken many forms across the centuries.Courtesy:Signum VerlagThe Deaf President Now movementis con

69、sidered the breakthrough event that focused the world on the abilities,language,culture,and community of the Deaf.Courtesy:Gallaudet University23Welcome!UNIT ONEAmerican Sign Language?As a student studying American Sign Language,the following principles will help prepare you to learn thischallenging

70、 visual language.The most fundamental and essential point is to recognize and accept thatAmerican Sign Language is not English.ASL has its own grammar,structure,and nuances that are designedfor the eye,not for the ear,unlike spoken languages.Remember that ASL makes visual sense and was devel-oped to

71、 serve the language needs of a community of people who do not hear.Other considerations to keep in mind:One word in English can have many separate signs in ASL,depending on the concept.For example,the word“get”and“got”in the following sentences each uses a different sign.1.Please get the book.2.Plea

72、se get him.3.I dont get it.4.I get tired.5.I got home.6.Ive got it.Though its a challenge,try not to translate word for word or sign by sign.Try to visualize the conceptinstead.Likewise,dont worry about not knowing specific signs for the particular English phrase you havein mind;try to communicate y

73、our concept by pointing,miming,and using other signs you know ratherthan fingerspelling the unknown term.Dont fall into the habit of“talking silently”or whispering while you sign.You will learn how ASL uses thelips as part of its grammar.Some students rely on lipreading rather than signing skills,a

74、sure way tobecome frustrated since most of the English language cannot be lipread!Using ASL signs while talking or“mouthing”English is not ASL.As a beginning signer,you will naturally want to keep your eyes on the hands of the person who is signing.With exposure and practice you will learn to watch

75、the signers hands,face,and eyes nearlysimultaneously.ASL is not only comprised of signs but also includes specific mouth movements and headshakes and nods.Eye contact informs the signer that youre paying attention!Practice ASL and make Deaf friends and acquaintances in your community.Before long you

76、ll be given thecompliment,“You sign like a Deaf person!”To understandShoulder tapTo haveTo arriveTo becomeTo get somethingCan you figure out which signmatches each sentence?24UNIT ONE Welcome!I Want to Know.Where are all the“little”words like is,to,and are?This question is often asked by beginning A

77、merican Sign Language students.It is part of a much bigger question:Is ASL like English,except that its signed instead of spoken?The answer is no,not at all.Just asJapanese,Spanish,and Latin are not English,neither is ASL.All languages have different ways of puttingwords together into correct senten

78、ces.If you translate an English sentence word for word into any other language,or use ASL signs in English word order,the results dont make sense.The grammar and syntax(the order in which words are put together)of ASL is different from English.ASL does not need separate“little”words because these wo

79、rds are already included in each sign.For example,look at the sign thank you.Even though English requires two wordsto make sense(the verb“to thank”and the object“you”),ASL uses one sign thatincorporates both the verb and the object.How so?Where does the thank you signpoint toward?The object,or you.S

80、till unsure?What would happen if you added thesign you to thank you?It would“look funny”and make as much sense in ASL assaying“thank you you”does in English!Take a look at the ASL sentence below.ItsEnglish translation is“My name is Kelly.”The sentence can be broken down andanalyzed sign by sign:Beca

81、use ASL is a“real”and separate language different from English,it is important that you learn how touse the language properly.This means respecting the language for how it is structured,instead of wonderingwhy it isnt like your own spoken language!Deixis conveys the verb“to be”whether its a person o

82、r thing:Iam,you are,it is,we are,they are.I amThank youKellyClassroom Exercise O1Little words I.Sign each phrase or sentence in ASL.1.She is happy.4.They are busy.2.My name is _.5._ is named _.3.He wants to learn ASL.6.We are _.2Little words II.Work with a partner to develop several sentences of you

83、r own similar to those in Part I.Named25Welcome!UNIT ONEASL Up CloseFacial Expressions&Non-Manual SignalsOne noticeable difference between American Sign Language and English is the use of facial expressions andnon-manual signals.Non-manual signals(abbreviated NMS)are the various parts to a sign that

84、 are notsigned on the hands.For example,ASL adverbs are made by the eyes and eyebrows,and ASL adjectivesuse the mouth,tongue,and lips.One important group of NMS are facial expressions,which convey yourtone of“voice”while you sign.Your facial expressions should match the meaning and content of whatyo

85、ure signing so if youre signing I am happy,then look happy!Changing a facial expression modifies the meaning of the sign,even if the sign itself doesnt change.Thinkof facial expressions as occupying positions on a scale,like the one shown below.Unlike English whichuses separate words to describe rel

86、ated meanings,ASL uses related facial expressions with the basemeaning of a sign.Why doesnt theexample make sense?How can you makethe sentence clearer?Classroom Exercise P1Facial expressions.Using one sign you know,how many different meanings can you make by changingfacial expressions?2Comparisons.U

87、se the correct sign with various facial expressions to show the difference betweeneach meaning.1.Im not afraid.afraid.terrified.6.Im not sad.sad.terribly sad.2.Im not busy.busy.overwhelmed.7.Im not tired.tired.exhausted.3.Im not bored.bored.incredibly bored.8.Im not excited.excited.enthusiastic.4.Im

88、 not sick.sick.deathly ill.9.Im not angry.angry.furious.5.Im not stressed.stressed.stressed out.10.Im not happy.happy.joyous.No meaningNot scared at allScaredVery scaredTerrified26UNIT ONE Welcome!Eyebrows and more!As you make each facial expression,think about the meaning behind the face.When would

89、 you use it?Classroom Exercise Q12345678910VocabularySigningwith Facial ExpressionsBlank faceTo be mad,angryTo be boredTo be sadFacial expressionsTo be scared,afraidTo be excitedTo be sick27Welcome!UNIT ONEClassroom Exercise RABCDEIJFGH1Using non-manuals.What can you say about each illustration?An e

90、xample is provided.2Matching.Pair the vocabulary word with the NMS or facial expression that best matches.1.Blank face 2.Sad3.Sick 4.Afraid 5.Happy6.Bored 7.Tired 8.Confused 9.Good 10.Busy It is normal to feel awkward or uncomfortable making facial expressions at first,but with practice you willbeco

91、me more confident and skilled.Without them you cant sign questions,show interest,or carry on a satisfying conversation.Think of learning facial expressions as a fun challenge!Accent Steps1234528UNIT ONE Welcome!Using Non-Manual SignalsYou have already begun usingtwo important non-manual signals when

92、 you sign yes or no.These signs must be paired withtwo NMS called the head nodand the head shake.Use thesenon-manual signals when usingyes or no or when you affirm ornegate sentences.Gently nod orshake your head while signingyour sentence instead of wildlyexaggerating your head move-ment!Look at the

93、 examples tosee how these NMS are used inASL sentences.Head shakeYou dont need a separate sign fordont or not.Just use the head shakewhile signing the sentence.NMS.Use the correct NMS while signing each sentence.1.Im not Deaf.Im hearing.4.They arent sick.2.Yes,Im learning how to sign.5.Were not busy

94、.3.I didnt go to the bathroom.Classroom Exercise SHomework ExerciseAMost people use some sort of facial expression in every language.What are three facial expressionsyou tend to use most often?When do you use these expressions?Prepare to show the facial expressions to your classmates.BHow many diffe

95、rent meanings can you create by changing facial expressions with the signs bored,fine,sad,sick,afraid,and excited?Make a list of the meanings you develop and practice each facialexpression.4Accent StepsHead nodYes,I am Mia.No,Im not Deaf29Welcome!UNIT ONE1Q&A.Sign each sentence to a partner,who will

96、 respond using the information in bold.When done,switch roles and repeat the exercise.1.Can I go to the bathroom?(No,you cant.)2.Do you understand the homework?(Yes,I understand the homework.)3.Im not Marie.Im Pat.(I didnt understand.Please sign it again.)4.I dont understand.Do you?(No,I dont unders

97、tand.)5.We dont know his/her name.(I know his/her name.He/she is _.)2Dialogue.Work with a partner to sign the dialogue in ASL.AlanHi!My name is Alan.Whats your name?HollyMy name is Holly.Nice to meet you!AlanAre you Deaf?HollyNo,Im hearing.Im learning ASL.Do you know how to sign?AlanYes,I can sign.H

98、ollyAre you Deaf?AlanNo,Im not Deaf.Im hearing.I sign okay.I want to sign well.HollyMe too!I want to understand ASL.AlanDo you want to meet me tomorrow morning?HollyYeah!Ill see you tomorrow!AlanGood-bye!Classroom Exercise TFYIUse so-so forokay,and goodfor well.VocabularyUsing NMSCan,mayDont underst

99、andCant,may notDont likeDont knowIm not,not meTo knowTo understandTo like30UNIT ONE Welcome!VocabularyConversationTo be absentI dont mindFavoriteDue,to oweMovieTo practiceToday,nowSchool1Using NMS.Sign the phrase or sentence using the correct NMS.1.Im not absent.4.I dont mind.2.Not today.5.We dont u

100、nderstand.3.The homework isnt due.6.They dont like the movie.2More Q&A.Sign each sentence to a partner,who will respondusing the information in bold.When done,switch roles andrepeat the exercise.1.Do you want to go to a movie?(Yes,tomorrow night.)Do you like scary movies?(So-so.)My favorite movie is

101、 _.Do you like it?(?)2.My friend is absent today.Do you know whats for homework?(Yes,practice ASL.)Is the homework due tomorrow?(Yes,the homework is due tomorrow.)Thank you!(Youre welcome.)Classroom Exercise UFYI Practice alsomeans exercise,as in“Exercise U.”Eyes on ASL#4 When signing yes,nod your h

102、ead;when signing no,shake your head.Combining a sign and headshake negates the meaningfrom positive to negative.31Welcome!UNIT ONEAsking&Answering Questions.Your partner will ask you a question.Respond in a complete ASL sentence.Switch roles and repeat when done.Asking&Answering Questions.Your partn

103、er will ask you a question.Respond in a complete ASL sentence.Switch roles and repeat when done.Classroom Exercise V1234532UNIT ONE Welcome!1Contrasts.A partner will sign the first sentence to you.Use the information in parentheses to sign acomplete sentence in response.1.They dont know my name.(Yes

104、,they do.)2.He isnt paying attention.(No,he isnt.He doesnt have eye contact.)3.Are you sick?(No,Im not.)4.I like learning ASL.(Me too.)5.Were very busy today!(Yes,a lot of practice!)2Dialogue.Work with a partner and create a dialogue using at least three of the following prompts.1.Exchange greetings

105、 and names2.Ask if one is Deaf,hearing,or hard-of-hearing3.Ask if one knows,or is learning,ASL4.Ask where one goes to school5.Ask a signer to slow down and repeat something6.Say good-bye and state when you will meet againClassroom Exercise WFYI Use a facial expres-sion to sign“a lot of.”What kind of

106、face would show this meaning?Homework ExerciseAPractice signing each sentence in ASL.1.Im not Deaf,Im hearing.Are you Deaf?2.Sara is not absent today.3.I dont understand you.Do you mind repeating?4.Hes very sick.He cant go to school today.5.We didnt like the movie.We couldnt understand it!BWrite fiv

107、e sentences in English using vocabulary youve learned so far that includes facial expressions and non-manual signals.Be ready to turn in the sentences.CWrite Classroom Exercise V in ASL gloss using your Student Companion for help.5The best way to learn any language is to socialize with the people wh

108、o use it.Go out and meet Deaf people in your local community.As you make friends and practice,youll see your signing skills improve quickly!Deaf Culture MinuteIf you use the Question-Maker with I dont mind,then it becomes a question:Do you mind?Accent Steps33Welcome!UNIT ONE1What do you think being

109、Deaf is like?What sorts of experiences do you think a Deaf individual wouldhave?In what ways do you imagine being Deaf is different from your own life?How is it similar?2Write a reflection on the poem“Listen to Me.”What is the authors point?What messages does sheconvey in the poem?What issues,concer

110、ns and frustrations does she allude to?What successes?3What experience/s,if any,have you had with Deaf individuals?Describe the encounter/s,how yourealized he or she was Deaf,and any thoughts or feelings you recall about the experience.Journal Activitieshttp:/SearchSearch the web for more informatio

111、n:I may not hear you,But I can listen,Listen to your hands,Your face and your eyes.All I ask of youIs that you do the same.Listen to the wordsThat I want to tell.Look past hearing aidsAnd see the real me.Look at what I can beNot what I cannot.Now,let me show youThat I can be a friend.I have things t

112、o tell you.Listen to me.Tawnysha LynchHeather Whitestone showed youThat I can be beautiful.Marlee Matlin showed youThat I can be in movies.Thomas Edison showed youThat I can make history.Ludwig van Beethoven showed youThat I can make music.Sir John Warcup Cornforth showed youThat I can win the Nobel

113、 Prize.Konstantin Tsiolkovsky showed youThat I can send rockets to the moon.Helen Keller showed youThat I can overcome anything.Listen to Me Marlee Matlin Thomas Edison Sir John Warcup Cornforth Heather Whitestone Ludwig van Beethoven Helen Keller Konstantin Tsiolkovsky 34UNIT ONE Welcome!AExplain h

114、ow each function of ASL grammar is used in ASL,providing an example in a complete sentence.1.Eye contact3.Closing signals2.One-word replies4.Non-manual signalsBIntroduce a hearing friend to a new Deaf friend of yours.Include the following:1.Attention-getting3.Exchanging names5.Whos learning ASL2.Gre

115、etings4.Whether Deaf or hearing6.FarewellsCIdentify and correct any errors in the following sentences.Explain to a partner or friend why the errorsare wrong and how to fix them.Explain how each function of ASL grammar is used in ASL,providingan example in a complete sentence.Unit 1 Review12335Welcom

116、e!UNIT ONEUnit 1 Review445DYou will meet a potential Deaf friend for the first time.Prepare to introduce yourself and say a littleabout who you are and what you like.Include topics like your favorite movie title,that youre an ASLstudent,and how you are doing.Be ready to ask a few questions of your o

117、wn,so you can get to knowhim or her better!1Fingerspelling Unit 1Each activity is designed to help you develop the skills neededto understand fingerspelling without decoding it letter byletter,and to form clear letters.By practicing fingerspellingalone or with a partner and participating in activiti

118、es duringyour ASL class,you will learn to fingerspell clearly andconfidently.Note:The fingerspelling in illustrations has been createdfrom left to right,for greater ease of use and comprehensionwhen looking at the illustration.However,the hand movesaway from the body when fingerspelling.Fingerspelli

119、ng:Dos and Donts Dont jerk,bounce,or move yourhand.Keep your elbow down,close toyour side.Hold your hand to the side of yourchest,not in front of your face.Unit11Three letter names.Hold your hand in one place as you fingerspell short,three-letter names.12345678910PamIraRayUmaMegAmyTimAnaBenReaJoeGus

120、BobValDanInaRamFaeKiaEveMiaVanNgiWesKenNedAbeMelNan SueSueTadSalJanRonTedAceKayAriAgaTomGilTiaZoeKimSamIanRobOnaDon2What are their names?Complete each sentence by fingerspelling the name in bold.An example isprovided.1.His name is Hal.2.Her name is Kim.3.Their names are Jed and Gil.4.Her name is Ana

121、.5.His name is Tom.6.We are named Sue,Tia,and Ron.7.Her name is Kay.8.Her name is Eva.9.Her name is Flo.10.My name is _.FYI Instead ofsigning and,simply pointtowards two(or more)different locations.Her name is Jan.Fingerspelling2Unit 1 FingerspellingAccent Steps3Common errors.Look at both handshapes

122、 and fingerspelleach name or word using the correct form of the letter.Incorrect iCorrect iUsing the correct handshape while fingerspelling is as impor-tant as not swinging your hand outward for the letters O,H,D,C,and G.Look at the two versions of the letter i.Even a slighterror like the thumb is n

123、oticeable.Make sure your handshapesare correct,and your fingerspelling skills will improve.4The ABCs.Complete the fingerspelling prompts below.1.fingerspell the ASL alphabet3.fingerspell your entire name2.fingerspell the vowels:A,E,I,O,U4.fingerspell the name of your hometownHandshapeErrorFingerspel

124、lingHandshapeHandshapeErrorFingerspellingHandshapeAdaAlitaxhamAbeAvadyedimDan doeEdDarIdabaddendabidcodEveBenvetteaseahemGuysagwaghugAgagasghihatHuyhahohmHoyKiaLinmixIantieiceKaykidkinkiteKenkitMegmudampSamgemMiajogJoeoatOpiRonox3Fingerspelling Unit 15Trouble letters.The following words and names co

125、ntain one or more trouble letters.Fingerspelleach column using the correct handshapes.12345678910DebEveFoxgetHaokeyMaeNedtopPazDel eatelfGaphopKayMaxNoeoatpetDexEvafinGushenRikmapNeotoypopDomElyifAgahamkoiemuNhuoptape6First&last names.Complete the sentence by fingerspelling the first and last names

126、shown inbold.Pause briefly before signing the last name.1.My name is.(Rob Paz)6.My name is.(Bev Wan)2.My name is.(Mel Ash)7.My name is.(Ly Kur)3.My name is.(Ina Ris)8.My name is.(Sam Hyn)4.My name is.(Jan Kol)9.My name is.(Gil Och)5.My name is.(Ed Dio)10.My name is.(?)7Introductions.Practice fingers

127、pelling the complete names of the following people.1.yourself2.your ASL teacher3.your boss/supervisor4.a siblingI Want to Know.How important is fingerspelling?Consider fingerspelling to be like your handwriting.Being clear is vital to being understood,be confidentenough not to worry whether each let

128、ter is exactly right,and be able to spell words quickly instead ofbreaking them down letter by letter.Everybody has their own fingerspelling style,just as you have yourown style of handwriting.It takes time and practice to become an excellent fingerspeller!Fortunatelyfingerspelling is generally used

129、 in specific instances:1.first,last,and middle names;2.names of places(cities,states,stores);3.titles of movies and books;4.certain foods;5.for clarification when one sign has several meanings;6.technical terms.The first two instances are the most important parts of fingerspelling for a beginning st

130、udent.You wantto sign your name and where youre from without stumbling!Warning:Dont fingerspell words andsentences if you dont know a sign.Doing this is like saying A.R.E.Y.O.U.and is hard tounderstand.4Unit 1 Fingerspelling8Four letter names.Fingerspelling a four-letter name follows the same patter

131、n as three-letter names.Hold your hand in one place and keep your elbow by your side.Spell each column of names.12345678910GlenEvanMikeAlexHalaTara Alma LitaDanaLeifSaulTuraLizaJoseKyleJeanBradJoeyGregIrisHueyIvanNoraNickErin FranMiraCarlMaryVikaKaraJohnDaveSaraAmosRaulAjax RoniNeilSala9Name exchang

132、e.Fingerspell a name beginning with the first letter shown in each letter-pair to apartner,who will respond by spelling a different name using the second letter of the pair.Use thelist of four-letter names below if needed.An example is provided.1.P.Y6.J.C11.D.N16.L.L2.B.E7.R.I12.F.Z17.X.H3.V.V8.A.P1

133、3.A.A18.S.S4.G.M9.O.H14.K.F19.J.P5.T.S10.U.L15.Q.V20.A.R10Making introductions.Sign the introduc-tions with a partner,who will respondusing the information in bold.1.Hi,my name is Lou Eads.Whats your name?(My name is Adam Chen.)2.Her name is Amy Kiva.Whats his name?(His name is Doug Brin.)3.His name

134、 is Paul Reys,and her name is Tara Reys.(What are their names?)4.My name is _ _.Whats your name?(My name is _ _.)5.Her name is Vera Yan.(No,her name is Vera Yang.).ExampleStudent AStudent BL.JFour-letter NamesAlanAlecAlexBradBretCaraDanaDeanEricErinFranGailGwenHankHedyIrisIvanJackJakeJanaJohnKiraKri

135、sKyleLanaLaraLarsLeahLisaLoriMarcMarkMaryMikeMinaNickNoraOlafOlgaOpalPacoPaulPetePhilPrueQiraQuinRainRaulRebaRickRisaRolfRyanSanaSaraSeanSelaSethSheaSkyeStanTaraTateTeriThadThomTinaTonyTroyUdayUlanVeraVernWardXenaXuanYaelYuriZach5Fingerspelling Unit 111Double letters.When fingerspelling double lette

136、rs,do not“slide”your hand towards the right.Thereare three different guidelines to follow,depending where the double letters occur.But always remem-ber to keep your hand in one place,unless you know why you shouldnt!Double letters:Beginning or MiddleDont move your hand but make a quick repetitionof

137、the letter.For the letter A,your thumb doesntmove but the rest of your fingers do.Words withthe letters A,D,E,F,M,N,O,P,S,and T followthis pattern.Some Double letters:Beginning or MiddleRather than making a letter repetition that doesntmove,some letters require a double movement,as ifyou were finger

138、spelling a letter“on top”of theprevious one.The letters B,C,G,K,L,P,R,U,andX follow this pattern.Double letters:EndingWhen double letters come at the end of a word,move your hand slightly to the right.This is theonly time youll move your hand!1.Isaac2.Brittany3.Jenna4.Tess5.Minnie6.Appia7.Penny8.Tis

139、sa9.Emma10.Molly11.Abby12.Accra13.Bobby14.Kelly15.Perry16.Peggy17.Tuuva18.WakkaKellyMinaNikkiJohnLauraNabilAnnaLeeRossDevonWaltTishaChrisBreeTalaKevinShaneBlairJeffAbdul19.Jeff20.Emilee21.Kenaii22.Troll23.Tess24.GlennAccent StepsFingerspelling shouldnt look like a typewriter,moving with each new let

140、ter.There are exceptions,butthe general rule is,dont move your hand!If a word uses double letters,moving the hand may be needed.12Five letter names.Just as three and four-letter names are fingerspelled as a whole,avoid break-ing five-letter names into syllables.You dont need to pause or move your ha

141、nd as you fingerspellfive-letter words and names.12345678910KeilaAmataQuinnAkiraJonasPabloBorisJaredAnnieNormaDaveyDevinPaulaLeylaClintMabelMaherFredaPavelAlisaAlexaScottSarahTomasMernaAminaIvanaGeenaTashaChuckKerryJatinBryan KennyPercyCarlaKarenRavenEdgarLogan13More introductions.Sign each sentence

142、 in ASL,choosingnames from the list on the right.1.His name is _.Hes Deaf.2.Is your name _?3.Her name is _.She is learning ASL.4.Their names are _,_.Theyre hearing.5.I want you to meet my friend.His/her name is _.6.No,his name is not _.Its _.6Unit 1 FingerspellingI Want to Know.What if I make a mist

143、ake while fingerspelling?First,do not wave your hands to“erase”what you spelled!Simply shake your head and begin spellingthe entire word again.If you become confused when someone is fingerspelling to you,spell the lettersthat you did understand and ask for the remainder.This is better than asking a

144、signer to spell theword several times until you understand it.14First&Last.Fingerspell each pair of names,including a brief pause between the first and last name.1.David Singh5.Jeff Marsh9.Nikki Boren2.Anna Stoll6.Nabil Ahmed10.Ryan King3.Chris Velez7.Lisa Biggs11.Jose Perez4.Larry Zhou8.Trudy Wall1

145、2.Scott Reed15Mc-names.There is no special system for fingerspelling names like McCoy,even though the secondC is capitalized.Simply spell the whole name.1.McKay5.McMan2.McCoy6.McGee3.McVee7.McNab4.McCul8.McBay16OH drill.The letter combinations OH and HO are challenging for ASL students.Fingerspell e

146、achname or word making sure the O and H run together smoothly.1.John5.Duc Hoang9.Ohare2.Ohio6.Carl Hoene10.Lara Sohn3.Hoh7.Alex Hoig11.Kyle Johra4.Hoag8.Noah Ahorn12.Jose Bohn17Double-letter drill.Fingerspell each word quickly and clearly.1.Sonny6.Reed11.Queen16.Liann2.Deonn7.Deena12.Larry17.Aaron3.

147、Anne8.Perry13.Harry18.Cliff4.Jesse9.Ziggy14.Belle19.Allen5.Merry10.Matt15.Rocco20.Holly18Fingerspelled words.These words are generally fingerspelled.Learn to spell them quickly andclearly.1.cake6.puppy2.job7.truck3.TV8.van4.DVD9.taco5.OK10.VCR63Numbers Unit 1Each activity is designed to develop thes

148、kills you need to sign and understandsigned numbers.By practicing numbersalone or with a partner and participating inactivities during your ASL class,you willlearn to sign numbers clearly andconfidently.Note:The numbers in illustrations havebeen created from left to right,for greaterease of use and

149、comprehension when lookingat the illustration.However,the hand movesaway from the body when signing numbers.Dont jerk,bounce,ormove your hand.Keep your elbow down,close to your side.Hold your hand to theside of your chest,notin front of your face.Numbers:Dos and DontsNumberUnit11Palm orientation.Use

150、 the correct orientation for the following numbers.1.72.53.04.15.106.37.18.69.210.911.712.313.414.715.116.017.518.319.220.721.422.123.624.325.726.52How many?Sign the number of shapes in each box using the correct handshape and palm orientation.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.Numbers64Unit 1 NumbersASL Nu

151、mbers 0103Number challenge.Focus on developing rhythm and maintaining a consistent speed start to finish.1.sign numbers 010 without looking at your hand and without making a mistake2.sign numbers 100 without looking at your hand and without making a mistake3.sign the even numerals4.sign the odd nume

152、ralsFYI Numbers 15 always face me unless Im signing:addressestelephone numbersa series of numbers in a group01234567891065Numbers Unit 14Trouble numbers.Develop speed and accuracy for each set of numbers.123456789100836387316353838653731703737737173330680Accent StepsAvoid using the w sign when you w

153、ant the numeral 3!While the let-ter O and the number 0 share the same handshape,confusion rarelyoccurs unless youre not paying attention to the signed context.12345Answer Key:Exercise 5:1.8,4;2.2,0;3.4;4.4,2,6,4,2,0;5.3,7,6,2,05Patterns.Fill in the missing number that completes the pattern.Sign each

154、 number clearly.Answers are at the bottom of the page.66Unit 1 Numbers6Addition.Sign the correct answer to each problem.Answers are at the bottom of the page.123456787How many is that?What number does each word refer to?Fingerspell the word and sign the cor-rect number.Answers are at the bottom of t

155、he page.1.quint2.sept3.duo4.quad5.triad6.a7.pair8.sext9.null10.mono11.deci12.octo13.hexa14.uno15.penteI Want to Know.Why are numbers 15 different than the rest?How would you sign the band name U2 or not be confused when talking about the strength of sun-block UV-32?To avoid confusion between the num

156、ber 2 and the letter V as well as other meaningssharing handshapes,numbers 1-5 are twisted inward.When you sign several numbers in a series,the context is clear that youre using numbers,which is why 1-5 face outward in telephone numbersand addresses.This difference is less obvious when signing a num

157、ber not surrounded by others.ASLstudents tend to think the inward/outward orientation doesnt matter,but it does.Answer Key:Exercise 6:1.6;2.10;3.3;4.9;5.8;6.7;7.10;8.7Exercise 7:1.five;2.seven;3.two;4.four;5.three;6.one;7.two;8.six;9.zero;10.one;11.ten;12.eight;13.six;14.one;15.five67Numbers Unit 18

158、Subtraction.Sign the correct answer to each problem.9What number are you?You and a Deaf friend are waiting for your number to be called.Explain ina complete sentence which numbers are being called.Follow the example below.He or she isnumber two.1.We are number 8.2.Shes number 3.3.Im number 4.4.Theyr

159、e number 7.5.Are you number 4?6.Hes number 6.7.You are number 2,Imnumber 5.8.Were number 10.9.Theyre number 3.10Number drill.Develop speed and accuracy for each set of numbers.123456789109068626817427239210395310107442631474101551012345678Answer Key:Exercise 8:1.3;2.6;3.7;4.7;5.2;6.3;7.7;8.1129Gloss

160、ing ASLHistorically there was no written form for American Sign Language.Transposing a three-dimensionallanguage that uses space,non-manual signals,and motion as its primary characteristics onto paper is adaunting challenge.Only recently with the advent of SignWriting has ASL become a written langua

161、ge,though this system has not yet gained acceptance with most signers.Because ASL is not written,Deafpeople have relied on the written formats of the spoken languages used around them.Thus,a Deaf personin the United States signs in ASL but writes in English,and depending on where he or she lives,a D

162、eafCanadian may sign in ASL and/or LSQ(Quebec Sign Language)and write both English and French.Overthe years a written system has been developed by ASL teachers and researchers to translate signs into abasic form of English.Using one language to write another has its limitations but doing so can be a

163、 quickway to convey concepts.This system is called glossing ASL.Knowing how to gloss is not a requirement forlearning ASL,but it can be a handy tool if you plan on continuing your ASL studies.An example of thissystem is shown below,followed by explanations of how to gloss ASL.Every sign has one glos

164、s.TheEnglish word and ASL gloss maynot match exactly.See yourglossary.Each gloss is alwayswritten in capitalized letters.Example:TOMORROWFingerspelled words are preceded byfs-.Capitalize the fingerspelled termbut not the fs-.Example:fs-BUSUsing the index finger to pointto a person or thing is called

165、deixis.Abbreviate this with IX,and follow with another gloss orname of the person to whom youare pointing.You can also addhe,she,or it in lower-caseletters after IX,butadd a hyphen if you dothis.Example:IX(or IX-he)Example:IX MANMany signs cant be glossedusing just one English word.Use hyphens betwe

166、en eachsegment to show a singleconcept.Example:GIVE-MEGlossing classifiers requires twoparts.Gloss the classifier withCL:and then add the conceptdescribed by the classifier inEnglish.Example:CL:Bent V“person sitting down”b.State which facial expressionaccompanies the sign,phrase,or sentencea.Transla

167、te each sign into an English equivalentGlossing ASLAmerican Sign LanguageASL GlossEnglish translationwh whYOU NAME WHAT YOUWhat is your name?How to Gloss ASL1.2.3.4.5.130Glossing ASLWhen there are two ormore parts to a singlesign,use a+betweeneach.Example:SUN+SHINEUse the+symbol forsigns that are re

168、peated orto show a recurring action.Example:MEET-MANY-PEOPLE+Possessive signs like his,hers,its,and theirs arepreceeded by POSS.Add whois referred to in italics.Example:POSS-hersNon-manual signals formed by the eyebrows,head,and lips must be included.First,draw a line above the glossed sentence.Spec

169、ific descriptions for the non-manual signalare written above the glossed term that usesthe NMS.confusedExample:ME DONT-KNOWWhen the same NMS is used throughout asentence,such as the WH-Face or theQuestion-Maker,write the NMS at thebeginning and end of the sentence.whq whqExample:YOU NAME WHAT YOURai

170、sing the eyebrows to ask a yes/no question is writtenwith a q over the gloss.Example:qYOUWH questions are shown bywriting whq over the gloss.whqExample:WHEREWrite above the gloss theword mouthed by the lips forsigns that have non-manualsignals attached to them.chaExample:CL:ClawSpecific facial expre

171、ssions or othernon-manual signals are writtenover the corresponding gloss.happyExample:FACIAL-EXPRESSIONGlossing Tips Approach glossing as a labeling exercise:Label only what is signed and corresponding non-manualsignals.Avoid adding English words that are not signed,like is and are.The gloss for ea

172、ch sign is found in the Glossing Index at the back of this book.Some signs can betranslated into English different ways,but there is only one gloss for each sign.Glossed phrases and sentences should be accompanied with non-manual signals.Refer to the Glossary section to find exact glosses for vocabu

173、lary.When handwriting gloss,it is better to use print letters rather than cursive.Substitute cursive for italicswhere necessary.6.7.9.8.10.11.12.13.131Glossing Unit 1Unit11One-word glosses.Follow the examples to gloss each sign correctly.English GlossesSIGN-LANGUAGEWHATS-UPDONT-LIKELOOK-AT-MEDONT-KN

174、OWBLANK-FACESAME-OLDME-TOOGO-TOHOLD-ONTAKE-CARE2Two-and three-word glosses.Many signs in ASL cant be glossed by a single English word.Hyphensare used to connect each part.Match each sign with the correct gloss from the list provided.1.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.ExamplesME2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.BUSY132Unit 1 G

175、lossing3Glossing deixis.Any time you point to a person or object,your index finger is glossed as IX,unlesssigning me,you or they.Sometimes other signs or a fingerspelled name follows deixis,but there maybe instances when this information is not available.Unless given specific details,do not gloss de

176、ixisas he,she,or it.When the gender of a person referred to by IX is known,add-he,-she,or-it to thegloss.Follow the example below to write each signed phrase or sentence in ASL gloss and English.1.ExampleHe is Chris./She is Chris.ASL Gloss:English:2.3.4.5.6.4Gloss completion.Complete the ASL glosses

177、 for each sign.1.fs-2.WHATS-3.HOME+4.5.DONT-IX fs-CHRIS IX.133Glossing Unit 15Non-manual signals.Glossing is incomplete until facial expressions and other non-manual signalsare included in the gloss.When adding non-manual signals,focus on what you do with your eye-brows,lips,facial expressions,and h

178、ead while signing.These actions are added above the gloss.Fornow,focus only on adding head nod,head shake,Question-Maker eyebrows,smile and frown labels.Follow the examples to complete the gloss of each sign below.ExamplesNMS Labels:1.smile2.frown3.head shake4.head nod5.q(Question-Maker)Gloss:NICEME

179、-MEETYOUNMS:smilesmilesmileGlossedsmile smilesentence:NICE ME-MEET YOUEnglish:Nice to meet you.1.DONT-UNDERSTAND2.DONT3.HI4.MAD5.QUESTION6.YES6.-VOICE7.THANK-8.IX6More deixis.Sign the following glossed sentences in ASL.1.ME NAME fs-SARA.IX-he NAME fs-SEAN IX-he.2.IX LEARN SIGN-LANGUAGE IX.3.IX WANT

180、MEET YOU.4.IX LAST NAME fs-COOPER IX.5.fs-MARC DEAF.IX-he MY FRIEND IX-he.6.IX-she NAME fs-TARA IX-she.7.IX HARD-OF-HEARING IX.8.IX-he BUSY IX-she.9.IX-she NAME fs-RITA IX-she.10.IX SICK IX.Gloss:YOUfs-KRISYOUNMS:brows upbrows upbrows up(brows up=Question-Maker)Glossedq qsentence:YOU fs-KRIS YOUEnglish:Are you Kris?