2024年高考英语一轮复习（新人教版） 第1部分 教材知识解读 选择性必修第四册 Unit 1　Science Fiction.docx

1、.认阅读单词1fiction n小说；虚构的事2science fiction(informal sci-fi)科幻小说(或影片等)3bonus n意外收获；奖金；红利4ridiculous adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的5absurd adj.荒谬的；荒唐的6nail n指甲；趾甲；钉子 vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定7suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓8ladder n梯子；阶梯9whereas conj.然而；但是；尽管10rumour n谣言；传闻11presume vt.& vi.假定；假设12fare n车费；船费；飞机票价13gramme (NAmE gram)n.克(重量单位

2、)14venue n活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)15alien n外星人(生物)；外国人 adj.陌生的；外星的；外国的16inaction n无行动；不采取措施17lever n操纵杆；杠杆18panel n控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组19inch n英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米)20grip vt.& vi.紧握；抓紧21hazy adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的22puff n(烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息23jolt n震动；摇晃；颠簸 vt.& vi.(使)震动；摇晃24flip vt.& vi.(使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛25overstatement n夸大；夸张.记重点单词1

3、integrity n诚实正直；完整；完好2dignity n庄重；庄严；尊严3salary n薪水；薪金4saleswoman n女售货员；女推销员5dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除6weekly adj.每周的 n周刊7chairwoman n女主席；女董事长；女委员长8flour n面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉9salesman n售货员；推销员10superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的11labour n劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作12leather n皮革；pl.皮衣；皮外套13backwards (NAmE backwa

4、rd)adv.向后；倒着；往回14niece n侄女；外甥女15fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来16handkerchief n手帕；纸巾17lamp n灯；台灯18pace n速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏19random adj.随机的；不可思议的20maximum adj.最大极限的 n最大量；最大限度21stun vt.使震惊；使昏迷.知拓展单词1appointment n预约；约会；委任appoint vt.任命；委派；指定；约定2guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的guilt n内疚；罪行；罪过3declare vt.表明；宣称；公布decl

5、aration n宣称；声明4calculate vt.计算；核算；预测calculator n计算器calculation n计算5blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的blur v(使)变得模糊不清；(使)视线模糊6division n分开；分隔；差异；除(法)divide v分开；分散；分配；分享7urge n强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的8explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破explosion n爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增9mud n泥；泥浆muddy adj.泥泞的1mystery n神秘；神秘的事物2nationwide

6、 adj.全国范围的；全国性的3negotiate vi.谈判；商议4neighbourhood(美neighborhood)n.四邻；邻近地区5normal n& adj.正常的(状态)6nutrition n营养；营养品7obtain vt.得到8occupation n职业；占有.背核心短语1test out检验；测试2more like更像是；更接近3on a.basis根据；以的方式(基准)4pros and cons事物的利与弊；支持与反对5superior to比更好；更胜一筹6take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手7conflict with与冲突或抵触8turn ou

7、t关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是9fall away(逐渐)减少；消失10have an urge to有强烈的欲望做某事.悟经典句式1On the second morning，Tony brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing.(whether引导的宾语从句)第二天早晨，托尼给她端来了早餐，还问她是否需要帮忙穿衣打扮。2She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he fe

8、lt more than just the desire to please her.(more than.不仅仅)她听到他说第二天不想离开她，他感觉他不仅仅只是想取悦她。3It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road.(feel like.感觉像)这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。4So long as I travelled at maximum speed，it didnt matter.(so long as引导条件状语从句)只要我全速行进就不会有问题。请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。

9、My niece，Jane，laboured to the maximum for 10 years in a shopping mall and finally she took up an 1.appointment as the chairwoman.She was respected by all the salesmen and saleswomen because she was full of integrity and dignity.She exactly calculated the staffs salaries and rewarded the best ones wi

10、th a 2.bonus.Most of the staff were modest，whereas one salesman，Jack,3.declared that he could sell anything by absurd overstatements，such as science fiction，ladders，flour，leathers，levers of various panels，handkerchiefs，nails，lamps and even mud.In his view，he was superior to others，so he had an urge

11、to take over the position of sales manager.It turned out that he often conflicted with others.Then came a rumour that all the staff would resign if Jack wasnt dismissed，which greatly stunned Jane and even made her explode with anger.Jane thought inaction was improper，so she urged Jack to weigh pros

12、and cons.Otherwise，his job would be suspended.Jack felt so 4.guilty about his ridiculous behavior that tears blurred his eyes.He promised to apologize to all the staff at a meeting on a weekly basis to remove the 5.division between him and his colleagues.He would share what he gripped from that day

13、on.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的(guilt n内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行)be guilty of犯有罪be/feel guilty for/at/about.对/为感到内疚/有愧(1)I felt guilty for/at/about my conflict with my dear friend and I must apologize to him.(2)她喃喃道：“我已经犯下欺骗奶奶的错误，”脸颊上流下了内疚的泪水。(读后续写之愧疚心理描写)“I have been guilty of cheating my beloved gr

14、andmother，” she murmured，and tears of guilt flowed down her cheeks.(并列句)“I have been guilty of cheating my beloved grandmother，” she murmured，tears of guilt flowing down her cheeks.(独立主格结构) urge n强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐(urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的)have/feel an urge to do sth 有强烈的欲望做某事urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事

15、urge that.(should) do sth 极力主张/强调做某事It is urged that.(should) do sth 极力主张/强调做某事(1)The salesman didnt work yesterday because he had some urgent(urge) things to handle.(2)为了更好地保护海洋，我们必须敦促更多的人去反思他们不合适的行为并且做出改变。(2022全国甲，书面表达)To protect oceans better，we must urge more people to reflect on their own impro

16、per behavior and make changes.(urge sb to do sth)To protect oceans better，we must urge that more people (should) reflect on their own improper behavior and make changes.(urge that.)(3)随着中国的发展，极力主张年轻人无障碍地与外国人交流。因此，任何渴望说流利英语的人都可以报名参加我们的口语俱乐部。(2022天津3月，书面表达)With the development of China，it is urged tha

17、t the young (should) communicate with foreigners without difficulty.Hence，anyone who has/feels an urge to speak fluent English can register for our Spoken English Club. take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手take off起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功take on呈现；雇用；承担take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留take up占去；占据；开始从事用take的相关短语填空After (1)taking over

18、 the firm from his father，Tom (2)took in some scientific ideas and (3)took on some experienced and hard-working workers，which suggested that his firm would (4)take off soon.Certainly，managing the firm (5)took up almost all his time.Tom held the strong belief that his firm would (6)take on a new look

19、 in the near future. turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是turn down拒绝；关小；调低turn in上交turn over翻身；移交；转变turn to求助于；转向turn up出现；调高由于生病，我的搭档不得不把我们的项目移交给我。尽管我对这个项目心里没底，我也不能拒绝他。如果我遇到不能解决的东西，我会向我的搭档寻求指导。完成所有的数据分析后，我按时上交我们的项目。结果我们的有说服力的研究得了最高分。一得知结果，我就出现在医院里，和他分享这个好消息，我们的脸上都洋溢着明媚的笑容。(2022浙江1月，读后续写)My partner had to (1)tu

20、rn over our project to me because of his illness.Although I was unsure about the project，I (2)couldn t turn him down.If I came across what I couldnt settle，I (3)would turn to my partner for guidance.With all the statistical analyses finished，I (4)turned in the project punctually/on time.It (5)turned

21、 out that our persuasive study won the highest grade.The moment I learned the result，I (6)turned up at the hospital，sharing the good news with my partner and our faces beamed with bright smiles. more than. She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more tha

22、n just the desire to please her.她听到他说第二天不想离开她，他感觉他不仅仅只是想取悦她。more than数词，表示“超过；不止”，相当于over。more than名词，意为“不只是；不仅仅是”，相当于not only。more than形容词/副词，意为“非常，很”，相当于very。more A than B 与其说B不如说A(1)写出下列句子中more than的汉语意思She bought more than ten handkerchiefs and two pairs of leather shoes at a time，which made her

23、 mother explode with anger.多于；超过I am more than glad to help you analyze the pros and cons of the choice you have made.非常The chairwoman is more than our leader；she is also our friend.不仅仅是Having performed perfectly in the store，the saleswoman is more hard-working than clever.与其说不如说(2)I would be more t

24、han delighted(我会非常高兴) if you could come and join my birthday party at 7 pm.next Friday at my home.There will be more than ten friends(将会有十几个朋友) present at the party.The party is more than for fun(派对不仅仅是为了好玩)；it is also for mutual communication.So please accept my sincere invitation.(应用文写作之邀请信) 修辞之明喻

25、在读后续写中的运用 It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road.这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。在读后续写中可以适当采用明喻这一修辞方法，增加故事情节的生动性。明喻主要采用比喻词like，as。(1)当他听我们谈论丰富多彩的生活时，他脸上的笑容灿烂得如钻石一样闪闪发光。When he heard us talking about the colorful life，the smile on his face shone like a diamond.(2)它在温柔低语，就像一个小女孩对她的母亲私语一样。It murmured

26、in a soft voice like a little girl whispering to her mother.(3)汤姆病得很厉害，不能去聚会。Tom was as sick as a dog，and couldnt go to the party.1The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecol

27、ogical buffer zones，and leaving behind precious natural assets for future generations”(2022新高考全国)GPNP旨在反映“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，并为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。2Everyone can play a part in reducing waste，whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaur

28、ants to not include the side dish you wont eat.(2022新高考全国)每个人都可以在减少浪费中发挥作用，无论是在你每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不要提供你不吃的配菜。3Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange，but they are important in various countries.(2022全国甲)这些文化饮食礼仪可能看起来随意而奇怪，但它们在各个国家都很重要。4It is calculated that Euro

29、pean railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.(2022全国乙)据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施。5Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene

30、 declared she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.(2019全国)获得“终身成就奖”的艾琳骄傲地宣布，她不打算从她工作了36年的公司退休。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇.一词多义练/熟词生义练清除阅读障碍1dismiss(1)The class was dismissed early today. B (2)He was dismissed from his job for inaction and incompetence. C (3)I gently patted him on the shoulde

31、r to dismiss his fears from his mind. A 2turn out(1)He turned out to be guilty for his mean words and tears of regret blurred his eyes. C (2)Keep in mind that you must turn out the lamp in your room when you leave. D (3)The boss declared that all the staff must turn out for the meeting. A (4)The fac

32、tory is expected to turn out twice as many TV sets this year as last year. B 3快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思(1)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack between meals.强烈的欲望(2)His son lied to him by design and he exploded with anger.(感情的)爆发(3)She stood up and began to pace up and

33、 down.走来走去 .核心知识强化练巩固语言知识1To my great sorrow，my girlfriend didnt turn up at the appointed(appoint) time.2My mind went blank and I felt guilty(guilt) about not answering the question correctly.3The chairwoman has declared that 100 workers will be dismissed(dismiss) before the deadlineJune 10.4They re

34、cite Tang poems on a regular basis and thus，they are good at Chinese.5This country declared war on four countries at the same time because of complicated political contradictions.6He performed perfectly in the speech contest and an explosion(explode) of applause came out of the audience.7Of the two

35、formats，I think this one is superior to the other one.8The boy shows no sympathy for other students and often conflicts with them.9As a science student，I never felt an urge to appreciate(appreciate) any literary works.10He picked up a handkerchief at random and handed it to this innocent girl to wip

36、e her tears.单句写作应用文增分练建议信参加中国戏剧知识竞赛1得知你即将参加中国戏剧知识竞赛，我非常高兴。(more than)Im more than glad to learn that you will take part in the Chinese drama knowledge competition.2这是我的关于如何为之准备的建议。(here位于句首的全部倒装句)Here are my tips on how to prepare for it.3首先，提前多了解一些中国现代戏剧证明是非常有益的。(turn out)First of all，learning more

37、 about modern Chinese drama in advance turns out to be quite beneficial.4第二，你对戏剧的深刻理解取决于你是否经常和其他参与者交换想法。(whether引导的宾语从句)Secondly，your deep understanding of the drama depends on/upon whether you exchange (your) ideas with other participants regularly.5最后，如果你感觉你是戏剧中的人物，你会发现记住戏剧知识很容易。(feel like)Finally

38、，if you feel like you are the characters in the drama，you will find it easy to memorize the drama knowledge.微型写作续写提能练教材续写语料1情感描写stun vt.使震惊；使昏迷stunned adj.目瞪口呆的guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的guilt n内疚guiltily adv.内疚地urge n强烈的欲望；冲动2动作描写pace n速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏declare vt.表明；宣称；公布blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分

39、的blur v(使)变得模糊不清；(使)视线模糊explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破explosion n爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增conflict with与冲突或抵触续写语料运用请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段，然后核对答案并背诵该语段。当我得知我儿子和他的同学发生冲突时，我勃然大怒。他是如此委屈和惊愕以至于他站在那里一动不动，泪水模糊了他的双眼。知道我的儿子不该受责备后，我内疚地在房间里来回踱步。我渴望得到儿子的原谅。我向儿子的卧室走去，敲门，然后大步走进去，宣布我不会再像这样对待他了。When I learned that my son conflicted with h

40、is classmate，I exploded with anger.So aggrieved and stunned was he that he stood rooted to the spot，with tears blurring his eyes.After knowing that my son was not to blame，I paced around the room guiltily.I had a strong urge to gain my son s forgiveness.I headed for my sons bedroom，knocked at the door and strode into the room，declaring that I wouldn t treat him like this again.