34 人口普查与人口问题 2022年中考英语时事热点话题题型专练.docx

1、34 人口普查与人口问题2022年中考英语时事热点话题题型专练背景事件人口普查2021公布结果2021年5月11日上午10时，国新办举行新闻发布会，介绍第七次全国人口普查主要数据结果并答记者问。国家统计局局长宁吉喆在会上通报，全国人口共141178万人，与2010年相比增长5.38%；年平均增长率为0.53%，比2000年到2010年的年平均增长率0.57%下降0.04个百分点。数据表明，我国人口10年来继续保持低速增长态势。全国人口中，全国男性人口为723339956人，占51.24%；全国女性人口为688438768人，占48.76%。总人口性别比为105.07。算下来，中国男性比女性整整

2、多了34901188人。总人口性别比(以女性为100，男性对女性的比例)为105.07，与2010年基本持平，略有降低，出生人口性别比为111.3，较2010年下降6.8。我国人口的性别结构持续改善。人口普查数据的意义1、养老政策的未来走向。人口的老龄化趋势不会改变，那么变化成何等呢？能加剧到什么程度呢？我国人口的平均寿命已经接近78岁了，此次就是等数据来看了。数据中显示出的各个年龄段的老年人的总比，以及各个岁数老人的总数量，以及发布情况会显得尤为重要。假如我国的老龄化趋势越来越明显，新增劳动力不能有效供给补充，那么延迟退休的具体方案，可能就会呼之欲出了。同时老年人养老的个性化政策调整，地区养

3、老政策的差异化调整，也会慢慢制定出来。相信未来会针对性地针对不同地区的养老政策，要做精细化的不同推出，养老行业将进入到黄金时代。2、生育政策的未来走向。鼓励全面二胎肯定是个大方向，但是未来是否会落实一些扶持措施，让多生二胎者得到更好的鼓励，这就需要看此次的政策了。那么看到我们新生儿的比例，以及全国各个地区的差异，民族的生育差异，可能要制定一些针对性的精细化政策，让我国人口可以得到均衡的延续。那么随之而来的就是教育政策的不断调整，再摸清楚不同区域不同人口段的生育率以及适龄儿童的数量之后，那么本地小学、初中和高中的教育政策可以出台一些精细化的方案。更重要的是大学的全国名额录取方案，可以针对各个省市

4、进行均衡的分配。此次第7次人口普查数据将配合地区人口特点，未来做地域化的因地制宜的调整？教育资源相对要更加合理地散布在全国各个地区，进一步提升我们的教育质量以及公民教育水平。3、户口政策的未来走向。有可能在此次普查数据中，我国人口流动性会更快，而且区域逐渐越来越集中。人口还是不断积聚在东部以及三大经济带地区。那么针对还执行户口控制的特大城市和一线城市，年轻人仍然会被作为户口抢夺的重点，因为他们代表着新增的劳动人口，代表着强劲的消费力，代表着地区经济的保障未来。国家经济发展一盘棋，不可能人口全部集中在某些少数地区。那么猜想未来国家会不会根据此次数据显示，针对人口外流严重的城市，制定更多的经济扶持

5、措施，将更多的人口保留在本地，让经济得以均衡发展，否则不少地区的经济将长期陷于停滞乃至下降。但是大家也不用担心，我国人口的拐点肯定没有出现，专家估计要到2035年才有可能出现人口拐点。同样，根据人口数据结果，其实未来还有可能针对地区的行政规划，以及公务事业单位的编制和机构大小，进行一些更精细的调整。小地方应该有小机构，精简公务开支，将财政经费省出来，去扶持经济发展，去扶持民生和谐，这也是未来的人口普查数据的重大意义。一、阅读单选AFrom November 1st to December 10th in 2020, China started its seventh national popu

6、lation census (人口普查). 7 million census takers have asked each family about their name, gender (性别), age, education, employment (职业) and so on. This census is different from the ones in the past. For the first time, people can use smartphones and other digital tools to record their information.China

7、has a national population census every ten years. The first one was done in 1953. At that time, there were about 600 million people in China. But Chinas population has boomed. It was about 1.37 billion in 2010.The 2020s national population census include all residents (居民) of China. But Chinese citi

8、zens who had settled (定居) abroad and foreign citizens who were staying in China on either business or tourist visas (签证) were not counted.“The census is very important for every citizen,” said Ning Jizhe, director of the NBS. “It will help improve infrastructure(基础建设)and public services.” For exampl

9、e, if census results show that there are many children living in a particular area, the government will know that it should build more school there.1The 2020s national population census in China doesnt mention peoples _.AnameBtransportCeducationDage2The fifth national population census in China is d

10、one _.Ain 1953.Bin 1964.Cin 2000.Din 2010.3What does the underlined word “boomed” in paragraph 2 mean in Chinese?A下降B包括C测量D增长4_ were in the 2020s national population census.AChinese residents travelling abroadBPeople living in other countriesCForeigners staying in China on business visasDForeign tou

11、rists staying in China for holidays5The national population census is important because _.Apeople can use the digital tools to record the information.Bthe government will build more schools.Cit is helpful to improve infrastructure and public services.Dthe population in the cities of China grows fast

12、.【答案】1-5BCDAC【分析】本文介绍了中国第七次全国人口普查情况。时间是2020年11月1日至12月10日，有700万人口普查员参与调查，询问每个家庭的姓名、性别、年龄、教育、就业等等。人们第一次可以使用智能手机和其他数字工具记录信息。人口普查对每个公民都非常重要。这将有助于改善基础设施和公共服务。1细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“7 million census takers have asked each family about their name, gender (性别), age, education, employment (职业) and so on.”可知中国2020年的

13、人口普查包括姓名、性别、年龄、教育、职业等，没有交通，故选B。2推理判断题。根据第2段第1句“China has a national population census every ten years.”和第1段第1句“From November 1st to December 10th in 2020, China started its seventh national population census (人口普查).”可知2020是第7次人口普查，中国每十年进行一次人口普查，所以推断，第5次人口普查是在2000年，故选C。3词义猜测题。根据“At that time, there w

14、ere about 600 million people in ChinaIt was about 1.37 billion in 2010.”可知中国的人口从6亿增长到13.7亿。由此可推知，此句“But Chinas population has boomed.”句意为“但中国的人口已经激增。” “boomed”的意思为“激增，增长”，故选D。4细节理解题。根据第3段“The 2020s national population census include all residents (居民) of China. But Chinese citizens who had settled (

15、定居) abroad and foreign citizens who were staying in China on either business or tourist visas (签证) were not counted.”可知2020年的全国人口普查包括所有中国的居民。但是不包含已经定居外国的中国公民和 持商务或旅游签证在中国停留的外国公民。由此可知，选项A“中国居民出国旅游”包含在内，故选A。5细节理解题。根据第四段中“The census is very important for every citizen,” said Ning Jizhe, director of the

16、 NBS. “It will help improve infrastructure(基础建设)and public services.”可知，全国人口普查很重要，因为它有助于改善基础设施和公共服务。故选C。 BA very important world problem is the growing population on the earth. The population of the world today is more than 6, 500, 000,000. That is a great number and we know it quite well. The impor

17、tant thing is not how large the population of the world is now, but is the rate of the growth it is about 1.63 percent every year.Every second, four babies are born in the world. Another baby! Another baby! Another baby! Another baby! You can not speak quickly enough to keep up with the birth rate.

18、The population is growing larger and larger. In one day, people have to find food for over 350, 000 mouths.This great growing population will make a big problemthere have been over 7 billion people on the earth. So this is one of the biggest problems which you are going to see in your life.6One of t

19、he most important world problem today is _ according to the passage.Athe number of dead peopleBthe heavy trafficCthe growing populationDthe food shortage7The population of the world is increasing by _ every year.A350, 000Bone fifthC1.63 percentD20 percent8Whats the meaning of the word “rate” in the

20、passage in Chinese?A人口B速度C数量D大小9From the passage, we know there are about _ new babies to be born in a minute.Atwo hundred and fortyBthree hundred and fifty thousandCfourteen thousand, four hundredDforty-eight10Which of the following is NOT true?AThe population on earth is very large.BThe large popu

21、lation may be good for the worldCThe growing population will be a big problem in our life.DThe large population may cause lots of problem.【答案】6-10CCBAB【分析】本文阐述了一个非常重要的世界问题是地球上不断增长的人口，并通过列数字和举例子的方法说明了人口的大量增长将成为一个大问题也是生活中看到的最大问题之一。6细节理解题。根据文中“A very important world problem is the growing population on

22、 the earth.”以及“This great growing population will make a big problemthere have been over 7 billion people on the earth. So this is one of the biggest problems which you are going to see in your life.”可知，人口的巨大增长将成为一个大问题。故选C。7细节理解题。根据文中“but is the rate of the growth it is about 1.63 percent every year

23、”可知，.每年增长率约为1.36%，故选C。8词义猜测题。根据文中“Every second, four babies are born in the world. Another baby! Another baby! Another baby! Another baby! You can not speak quickly enough to keep up with the birth rate.”可知，说话的速度跟不上出生的速度，所以“rate”指的是“速度”，故选B。9细节理解题。根据文中“Every second, four babies are born in the world

24、.”可知，每秒钟，世界上就有4个婴儿出生，那么一分钟出生的婴儿有60*4=240个，故选A。10细节理解题。根据文中“This great growing population will make a big problemthere have been over 7 billion people on the earth. So this is one of the biggest problems which you are going to see in your life.”可知，人口的巨大增长将成为一个大问题。故选B。二、阅读还原7选5 China will carry out it

25、s seventh population census(人口普查) from November 1. Census workers will go to every home to check who lives here. 11China holds a census every 10 years. The first one was in 1963. 12 But in 2010, the number was 1.37 billion(十亿).Why does our country carry out a population census?13 China has the bigge

26、st population in the world, and it is still growing. The government(政府) could use the information from the census to help people live better lives. For example, if the population census shows that there are a lot of kids in your area, the government will know that they have to build more schools the

27、re.Second, from the population census, scientists can learn more about population growth(增长). In some years, the population grows faster than in others. 14 Scientists can use the information to look for reasons behind the growth.Third, the census will help to find the number of foreigners living in

28、China. It can also find out how many Chinese have moved to other countries.15 In the US, census workers first mail out a questionnaire(调查问卷) to every house. If they dont get it back, they call the house by phone. In Australia, people can fill in a questionnaire online.AEven in the same year, populat

29、ion growth is different in different places.BThey will ask each family questions about their names, ages, jobs and so on.CThere is no population census in England.DAt that time, there were only about 600 million people in China.E.Chinas population grows slower these years.F.First, the census will he

30、lp draw a big picture of the country.G.Most countries carry out a census, but the ways of doing it are different.【答案】11-15BDFAG【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了我国即将到来的第七次人口普查以及其他国家进行人口普查的一些做法。11根据上文“Census workers will go to every home to check who lives here”可知，工作人员会上门去调查住在每户里的人，询问他们的一些详细个人情况。B选项They will ask each

31、family questions about their names, ages, jobs and so on“他们会问每个家庭关于他们的名字、年龄、工作等问题”符合语境，故选B。12根据下文“But in 2010, the number was 1.37 billion”可知，空格处与下文之间为转折关系，且内容应与人口数字有关。D选项At that time, there were only about 600 million people in China“那时，中国只有大约6亿人口”符合语境，故选D。13根据下文“Second Third ”可知，此处也应是标有序号first的句子。

32、F选项First, the census will help draw a big picture of the country“首先，人口普查将有助于勾勒出这个国家的大局”符合语境，故选F。14通读本段可知，本段的主要内容与人口增长有关，所以空格处应填句子也应与population growth有关。A选项Even in the same year, population growth is different in different places“即使在同一年，不同地区的人口增长也不尽相同”符合语境，故选A。15根据下文“In the US In Australia ”可知，本段说的是其

33、他国家的人口普查方式。G选项Most countries carry out a census, but the ways of doing it are different“大多数国家都会进行人口普查，但各自的方式不同”符合语境，故选G。三、阅读回答问题 Most new babies were born in the developing countries. These countries are found in Africa, South America and parts of Asia. In the developed countries of Europe and North

34、 America, the population（人口） is growing very slowly. This is because women in these countries have, on average (平均), only one or two children. In the developing countries, many women have five or more children. In 1950, about one quarter of the worlds population lived in the developed countries. By

35、2050, these countries will be home to only about one tenth of the worlds people.In the developing countries, more than one billion people are still living below the poverty(贫困) line. These people do not have enough food to eat and they live in poor housing conditions. Children get little time at sch

36、ool and suffer (遭受痛苦) from many kinds of diseases.At the beginning of the 21st century, the worlds population was around six billion. The U.N. has said that the worlds population will level off (平稳下降) at 12.5 billion by the year 2100. Other groups think the worlds population will continue to grow, r

37、eaching 14 billion before it becomes stable (稳定的), or even falls.根据短文内容，回答下列问题。16In what areas of the world can developing countries be found?_17In 1950, what percent of the worlds population lived in the developing countries?_18How to describe the people who are living below the poverty line?_19The

38、re will be twelve and a half billion people on the earth in 2100, wont there?_20What does it talk about in the passage?_【答案】16In Africa, South America and parts of Asia.17About three quarters.18Hard.19Yes, there will.20The worlds population.【分析】这篇短文介绍了世界上的人口问题，大多数新生儿都出生在发展中国家，这些国家里超过十亿人生活在贫困线以下。联合国认

39、为世界人口到2100年会平稳下降，而其他组织认为世界人口会继续增长。16根据短文第一段“These countries are found in Africa, South America and parts of Asia.”可知，发展中国家分布在非洲、南美洲和亚洲的部分地区。故答案为In Africa, South America and parts of Asia.17根据短文第一段“In 1950, about one quarter of the worlds population lived in the developed countries.”可知，在1950年，世界上大约有四

40、分之一的人口生活在发达国家，即四分之三的人口生活在发展中国家。故答案为About three quarters.18根据短文第二段“These people do not have enough food to eat and they live in poor housing conditions. Children get little time at school and suffer (遭受痛苦) from many kinds of diseases.”可知，生活在贫困线以下的人们没有足够的食物，住房条件很差，孩子们也得不到教育，还遭受很多疾病的痛苦。由此可知，他们的生活可以用har

41、d“艰难的”来形容。故答案为Hard.19根据最后一段“The U.N. has said that the worlds population will level off (平稳下降) at 12.5 billion by the year 2100.”可知，联合国表示世界人口到2100年会平稳下降到125亿，由此可知答案是肯定的。故答案为Yes, there will.20根据文中“In 1950, about one quarter of the worlds population lived in the developed countries.”、“At the beginning

42、 of the 21st century, the worlds population was around six billion.”等内容可知，短文讲述了世界上的人口问题，故答案为The worlds population.四、阅读补全短文 From November 1st to December 10th in 2020, China started its national population census (人口普查) again. China has done it six times before. Seven million census takers have asked

43、 each family about their names, gender, age, education, employment (职业) and so on. This census is not the same as the ones in the past. For the first time, people can use smartphones and other digital tools to help them record their information.China has a national population census every 10 years.

44、The first one was done in 1953. At that time, there were about 600 million people in China. But Chinas population(人口) has boomed (增长) . It was more than 1.37 billion in 2020.“The census is very important for every people,” said Ning Jizhe, director of the NBS. “It will help improve infrastructure (基

45、础建设) and public services.” For example, if census results show that many children live in a particular area, the government (政府) will know that it should build more schools there.根据文章内容，完成下列横线。（每空一词）From November 1st to December 10th in 2020, China started its 21 national population census. This cen

46、sus is 22 from the ones in the past. For the first time, people can use smartphones and other digital tools to record their information with the 23 of smartphones and other digital tool. China has a national population census every 10 years. In 1953, there were about 600 million people in China. But

47、 the population was 24 1.37 billion in 2020. The census is very important for every person. For example, if census results show that there are many children 25 in a particular arca, the government (政府) will know that it should build more schools there.【答案】21seventh22different23help24over25living【分析】

48、本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了第七次人口普查的相关内容。21根据“From November 1st to December 10th in 2020, China started its national population census (人口普查) again. China has done it six times before.”可知，2020年11月1日至12月10日，中国再次启动全国人口普查，在此之前已经进行过六次。因此可知这次是“第七次”人口普查。因此填序数词“第七”，为seventh。故填seventh。22根据“This census is not the same as

49、the ones in the past.”这次人口普查与过去的普查不一样。此处be different from是固定搭配，意为“和不一样”。故填different。23根据“For the first time, people can use smartphones and other digital tools to help them record their information.”第一次，人们可以使用智能手机和其他数字工具来记录自己的信息。由此可知是在智能手机和其他数字工具的“帮助”下。故填help。24根据“But Chinas population(人口) has boome

50、d (增长) . It was more than 1.37 billion in 2020.”可知，但中国的人口激增。2020年，这一数字超过13.7亿。每空一词，可知此处是“超过”13.7亿。故填over。25根据“For example, if census results show that many children live in a particular area, the government (政府) will know that it should build more schools there.”例如，如果人口普查结果显示有很多孩子住在某个地区，政府就会知道应该在那里建

51、造更多的学校。本句是there be句型，句子成分完整，且此处表示“居住”在某个地区，可知是现在分词living。故填living。五、短文汉语提示填空 Is the world too 26（拥挤的）? Well, thars a hard27（问题） to answer. What is true is that the worlds 28（人口） doesnt stay the same. It has been increasing at a very fast rate and it will29 （引起） a lot of problems, such as too much tr

52、affic and 30（噪音）. Thats because more and more children are born in these years 31（比） before. If the rate of growth continues, there will be 32（两倍） as many people on earth as there are now. Soon the number will probably reach eight 33（十亿）. Some people worry about that! But all of us 34（同意） that the m

53、ore people there are, the more resources the world needs to feed, and the more need there is to think 35（认真地） about how we live and use the resources.【答案】26crowded27question28population29cause30noise31than32twice33billion34agree35carefully【分析】本文介绍的是世界人口的问题，主要讲述世界人口现状、增长的原因和未来的展望与不确定性。26句意：世界是不是太拥挤了？

54、crowded“拥挤的”，形容词，在句中作表语，故填crowded。27句意：，这个问题很难回答。question“问题”，是一个可数名词，空格前有不定冠词“a”修饰，所以此处名词用单数形式，故填question。28句意：事实上，世界人口并不是一成不变的。population“人口”，是不可数名词，作句子主语，谓语用单数，故填population。29句意：它一直在以非常快的速度增长，它会引起很多问题，如交通拥挤和噪音。cause“引起”，动词，空格前有助动词will，所以此处的动词用原形，故填cause。30句意：它一直在以非常快的速度增长，它会引起很多问题，如交通拥挤和噪音。noise“

55、噪音”，是一个不可数名词，所以此处用原形，故填noise。31句意：那是因为这些年出生的孩子比以前多了。than“比”，是比较级的标志词，连接被比较的两部分，故填than。32句意：如果增长速度继续下去，地球上的人口将是现在的两倍。twice“两倍”，表达倍数，此处是结构“倍数+as.as”，故填twice。33句意：很快这个数字将可能达到80亿。billion“十亿”，空格前有具体的数字“eight”修饰，所以billion用单数形式，故填billion。34句意：但我们都同意，人口越多，世界需要的资源就越多，就越需要仔细思考我们如何生活和使用这些资源。agree“同意”，是一个动词，句子陈

56、述事实，用一般现在时，主语是“all of us”，谓语动词用原形，故填agree。35句意：但我们都同意，人口越多，世界需要的资源就越多，就越需要仔细思考我们如何生活和使用这些资源。carefully“认真地”，是一个副词，在句中修饰动词短语“think about”，故填carefully。六、书面表达A31 假定你是李明,住在苏州,你的美国朋友David在做一个关于中国东部城市人口状况的调查,他给你发了一封邮件,想了解一下有关情况。请你认真阅读下面的邮件,并根据信中的内容和生活实际用英语回复,可以有适当的发挥。To: limingFrom: davideSubject: populati

57、onDear Li Ming,Im doing a survey on the population of the cities in eastern China. I know you are living in Suzhou. Would you mind answering several questions on the topic?Is the population of the city increasing fast? Why?What are the advantages of population change?What are the problems of populat

58、ion change?What influence does the change have on the development of the city?I look forward to hearing from you soon.Best wishes,David注意:1.词数90左右。开头和结尾已经写好,不计入总词数。2.回复中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息。Dear David,Thanks for your email. Im very happy to answer your questions._I hope my answers will be of some help

59、to your survey.Yours,Li Ming【答案】例文:Dear David,Thanks for your email. Im very happy to answer your questions. With the development of economy, many people are moving from the countryside to cities in eastern China for work. Unbalanced development of educational resources and the hope that the childre

60、n get a better education make some people have the strong feeling to live in cities. These are the main reasons of the increasing population in eastern cities. Population growth is helpful to the development of cities. But because of the large population, not only the cost of living but also housing

61、 price is too high. Most cities are more crowded than before, and the traffic is much heavier. Natural environments are becoming worse and worse. Cities in eastern China are developing quickly and peoples living condition are improving rapidly, but the population problem is still serious. Since the

62、one-child policy, the problem of aging population in cities is becoming more and more serious. Aging population leads to lack of labor force. Thus, the two-child policy is being put into effect.I hope my answers will be of some help to your survey.Yours,Li Ming【详解】1.题干解读：本篇材料作文要求以李明的身份，根据信中的内容和生活实际给

63、美国朋友David回邮件，讲述在中国东部城市人口增长速度、人口改变给城市带来的有利和问题以及人口改变对城市发展的影响；书写时要注意文句通顺，内容完整。2.例文点评：本例文层次分明，依次向David中国东部城市人口增长速度、人口改变给城市带来的有利和问题以及人口改变对城市发展的影响，文章布局合理，内容完整连贯。3.高分亮点：本篇例文短语丰富make sb do sth；have the strong feeling to；be helpful to；because of ；put into effect；形容词比较级Most cities are more crowded than before

64、, and the traffic is much heavier. Natural environments are becoming worse and worse；the problem of aging population in cities is becoming more and more serious.本文还运用多个连词not onlybut also；and ； but；thus使文句之间的衔接自然得体。B 随着中国老年化的严重。越来越多的老年人需要我们伸出援助之手。Happy Old Peoples Home最近在招聘学生自愿者。假如你是李华，请根据以下信息回复邮件并表达

65、自己想要加入的意愿。Helpers wanted for the old peoples homeAre you good with the old people? Do you want to do something for them? If your answer is yes, please introduce yourself according to the following information. your name and age the instrument you can play the things you can do well the club you are

66、in at school your activities on weekends and the time when you do them the things you can do for the old Please email Mr. Wang at 27647890要求：1.70词左右;2.使用正确的邮件格式，有恰当的开头，结尾和过度;3.书写工整，要点齐全，语义通顺，连贯。_【答案】例文Dear Mr. Wang,I know that helpers are wanted for the Old Peoples Home. And I really want to take pa

67、rt in this activity.My name is Lucy, and Im 13 years old. Im also good at writing. There are a lot of clubs in my school. I choose English Club and I can learn a lot from it. In my free time, I like reading books in the evening, so I think I can do a lot for the old, such as performing music shows,

68、telling stories and telling jokes.I truly want to play a part in helping old people, and I believe they will live happily if all of us care for them.YoursLi Hua【详解】1.题干解读：该题目属于应用文写作，要求根据所给信息回复邮件，并表达自己想要加入Happy Old Peoples Home招聘学生自愿者的意愿。注意要点齐全。2.写作指导：本文应该用第一人称和一般现在时来介绍。正文部分可分三段，第一段说明想要加入学生自愿者的意愿；第二段具体介绍自己，写作时要详细具体；第三段再次表明想加入的想法。注意保持主谓一致性，除所给信息外可适当展开，注意语言的准确性，不要有语法和拼写错误。