5.代词-2024年中考英语专项复习.docx

1、代词人称代词人称代词主要是指代人和物的代词。有人称、数和格的变化。人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit1. 人称代词的句法作用(1) 人称代词作主语Eg: We will go shopping this weekend. She is my best friend.(2) 人称代词作宾语Eg: It took him five days to finish the task. They dont believe me.(3) 人称代词作介词的宾语Eg: When Im in trouble,

2、I always talk with her. The actor is so handsome that everyone looks at him.(4) 人称代词作表语Eg: -Who is knocking the door? -Its me.2. 人称代词的用法(1) 人称代词we, you, they除了指一定的人以外，有时还用来泛指人们，指言者、听者或第三方Eg: We are not born for ourselves. You cant trust a man who always breaks his promise. If they say youre good, as

3、k yourself if it be true.(2) 两个或多个代词作主语时，为表示礼貌，I应放在最后Eg: You and I are required to work together. (3) 人称代词it的用法 代替动植物或无生命的事物Eg: Ive had this bike for 3 years. My father bought it for me. Fish lives under water. It swims with its tail. 代替婴儿Eg: The baby fell down on the ground. It must be hurt. 代替前面提到

4、的事物Eg:-Thanks for your help. -Dont mention it. 代替this或that Eg: -Whats this? -Its a ruler.物主代词数物主代词表示所属关系，包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，有人称和数的变化，单数第三人称有性的区别。类别人称单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性物主代词myyourhis her itsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshis hers itsoursyourstheirs1. 物主代词的句法作用(1) 形容词性物主代词：相当于于形容词，置于名词前，作定语。

5、 Eg: My favorite food is ice-cream. Lisa lost her wallet last week. (2) 名词性物主代词：相当于名词，不能与名词连用，作主语、宾语、表语或与of连用构成双重所有格。Eg: Our books are on the first floor and theirs are on the second floor. （作主语） I will do my job and you do yours. （作宾语） Whats yours is mine, and whats mine is my own. （作表语） Its a pict

6、ure of hers. （与of连用构成双重所有格）反身代词表示谓语动词所表示的动作返回到动作发出者本身。有人称和数的变化，单数以-self结尾，复数以-selves结尾，单数第三人称有性的区别。数人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himselfthemselvesherselfitself1. 反身代词的句法作用(1) 作宾语Eg: I hope you will enjoy yourselves at the party. He finished the task by himself.(2) 作表语 Eg: Im no

7、t quite myself these days.(3) 作同位语 Eg: You yourself told me the truth.指示代词指示代词单数复数thisthesethatthose1. 指示代词的句法作用指示代词可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。Eg: This is an effective way to develop good eating habits. （作主语） I didnt mean that. （作宾语） All I want to say is this. （作表语） Take those boxes to your room. （作定语）2. 指示代词的用

8、法(1) this, these用于指代时间或空间上较近的事物; that, those用于指代时间或空间上较远的事物 Eg: These are my cousins and those are my grandparents.(2) that, those用来指代前面所提到的名词或所说的情况，以免重复 Eg: The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangdong. (3) 打电话时，想对方介绍自己要用“This is.”。询问对方是哪位时，可用“Who is that?”,“Is that.?”Eg: -This is Dan. W

9、ho is that? -This is Jimmy.不定代词不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数的区别。常见不定代词用法：(1) some和any some常用于肯定句以及表示请求、建议或期望得到肯定回答的疑问句中Eg: Some students are playing football at school. Would you like some juice? any常用于否定句和疑问句中，当any表示“任何”含义时，也可用于肯定句中Eg: I cant give you any advice. You can borrow

10、any of these books.(2) many和muchmany用于修饰可数名词，much用于修饰不可数名词Eg: We have many apples, but we dont have much milk in the fridge.(3) all、each，every all意为“全部，所有”，指三者或三者以上的人或物，可修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。Eg: All students should take part in the game. each意为“每个”，强调个体，可用于两者之间，也可用于三者或三者以上的情况，代替或修饰可数名词单数Eg: Each of us mis

11、ses Mr. Black very much. every意为“每个”，强调整体，用于三者或三者以上的情况，修饰可数名词单数Eg: You need to practice violin every day.(4) no one，noneno onenone指代人人或物（表示三者或三者以上“没有一个”）主语单独做主语常与of连用谓语动词单数单数或复数问句Who及含anyone, anybody的问句how many, how much问句Eg: None of the pictures is mine. No one knows where he is.(5) both、either和nei

12、ther both指“两者都”，代替或修饰可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数Eg: Both of his brothers are studying abroad. either指“两者任一”，neither指“两者都不”，这两个词都可代替或修饰可数名词单数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数Eg: Either of you is supposed to work with the math teacher.(6) few、 a few、little、a little few和a few是一对反义词，修饰可数名词；little和a little也是一对反义词，修饰不可数名词。few和little

13、表示“有少许”Eg: I can see a few trees in the city. They only have a little water. few、little表示“几乎没有”，带有否定意义Eg: This is an old song, so few young people know it. We have little spare time.(7) another、other、the other、others意义用法another泛指三者或三者以上“另一个”可单独使用，也可修饰可数名词单数other泛指“其他的”修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词the other特指“两者中的另

14、一个”可单独使用，也可修饰可数名词单数others泛指“其他的一些”不与名词连用the others特指“剩下的全部”不与名词连用Eg:The dress is too small,please give me another one. Some other clothes will be sent to your house. I have two bikes. One is red, the other is white. Some students like talk shows and others like game shows. Sarah bought five books. T

15、hree of them were story books and the others were fiction novels.(8) 复合不定代词-thing-body-onesome-somethingsomebodysomeoneany-anythinganybodyanyoneevery-everythingeverybodyeveryoneno-nothingnobodyno one/none 由some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式Eg: Something is wrong with my computer. Is there a

16、nything in the box? 复合不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后 Eg: I had something special for dinner. Do you have anything to say?(9) one的用法 用于替代前文出现过的可数名词，以避免重复，有复数形式。Eg: I received a letter from my friend, and Lily received one from her pen-pal. My mother doesnt like yellow flowers. She likes red ones. 泛指“人们，一个人”Eg:

17、One should be honest. 表示具体的“一个人，一个事物”Eg: It was the one I asked for.易错考点：it, one, that it表示特指，指代前文所提及的事物，即“同一事物”，可指代可数和不可数名词。Eg: Although the problem is difficult, I will solve it. one表示泛指，指代前文提到的同类事物但不是同一事物，即“同类不同物”，只可指代可数名词，其复数形式为ones。Eg: Your dress is beautiful. I also want to buy one. that表示特指，指

18、代前文提及的同类事物的另一个，可指代可数和不可数名词。Eg: The population of China is larger than that of America.相互代词each other和one another, 意为“相互，互相”。相互代词只能作宾语。Eg: We should help each other, especially in the times of difficulty. My parents often give gifts to one another.疑问代词疑问代词表示疑问，构成特殊疑问句。指人指物主语宾语表语定语whowhomwhosewhichwha

19、t(1) Who和whom都意为“谁”，对人物提问。介词之后只能用whom。Eg: Who/Whom do you need when youre in trouble? With whom will you go to the movies?(2) whose的用法 意为“谁的”，可单独使用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语；也可置于名词前作定语。Eg: Whose is better? （作主语） Whose do you like?（作宾语） Whose is this?（作表语） Whose composition is the best?（作定语）(3) Which的用法意为“哪一”，可单独

20、使用，在句中作主语或宾语；也可与置于名词前作定语。Eg: Which is smarter, Tom or Peter?（作主语） Which do you want to throw away?（作宾语） Which one is your choice?（作定语）(4) What的用法意为“什么”，可询问天气、职业、品行、姓名、时间、颜色等Eg: Whats the weather in Shanghai? Whats your father? What does your younger sister look like? What color is Jackys crayon?辨析：w

21、hat和whichwhat常指没有选择范围，which指有选择范围Eg: What subject do you like best? Which subject do you like best, math, English or Chinese?练习：1.-Frank, is this your ping-pong bat?-No,its not_.I didnt take one this morning. A. me B. my C. mine D.I2.-Im afraid I wont pass the exam.-Come on,Bill. You should believe

22、in_.Thats the secret of success. A. myself B. ourselves C. yourself D. yourselves 3. The man standing under the tree is_cousin. He is a writer. A.she B. her C. hers 4. We cant do it that way, but whether it will work is_ matter. A. other B. another C.each D. every 5. -What would you like, tea or cof

23、fee?-_,thanks. I just prefer a glass of water. A. Both B. Neither C. Either D. All6. There are enough apples for each guest to have_ A. one B. it C. this D. that 7.-I still want to eat something. May I have_bread?-Certainly. Here you are. A. other B. more C. another D. else 8.-Whats_ name?-_is Alice

24、. A. her; She B. her; Her C. she; Her D.s he; She 9. -What would you like to drink?-Im very thirsty. _ you can get. Just get it now. A. Anything B. Something C.Nothing D. Other things10. Unfortunately I was sitting at the table with smokers on_ side of me. A. either B. both C.other D. all 11. My mot

25、her used to wash clothes for_every day, but now I do it myself. A. mine B. my C.I D. me 12.-_ is your mother? Does she still work as a teacher?-Yes,she has been a teacher for thirty years. A.Who B. How C. What D. Which13. Hurry up,kids!The school bus is coming. We have_time left.A. few B. a few C. l

26、ittle D. a little 14. Everyone makes mistakes in his or her life.The important thing is not to repeat _.A. it B. them C.him D. her 15. -Bruce,is that your parents car? -No._is white.A. They B. Them C. Theirs D. their16. -Marry, is that new toy_?-Yes. My mother bought it for me yesterday.A.you B. you

27、r C. yours D. yourself 17. -What do you think of the tool?-It is much more useful than _.A. we B. us C. ours D. our 18. Eric has_ friends in this city, so he often stays at home. A. a few B.few C.little D. a little 19.-Tom, lunch is ready.-I dont want to eat_,Mum. Im not feeling well.A. everything B

28、. nothing c.something D. anything 20.-The fish smells great!-My mom cooked it for me. Would you like_?A.it B. this C. some D. little21. -How many chairs do you need? - I need _ ten. A. another B. more C. other D. else 22. -Would you like_to eat? -Yes, please.A. anything delicious B. delicious anythi

29、ng C. something delicious D. delicious something 23. -Can you come to my party, Maggie?-Sorry,I have_ time.A. a few B.little C. few D. a little 24.These things are cheap._can afford them.A.Somebody B. Anybody C.Nobody D. None 25. -Can I use your computer for a while? -Yes,you can use_computer.Toms computer is here and I can use_ A. my; his B. my; mine C. your; his D. his; mine