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类型6. 重点语法考前必背-2023高考英语考前15天抢分冲刺.docx

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    6. 重点语法考前必背-2023高考英语考前15天抢分冲刺 重点 语法 考前 2023 高考 英语 15 天抢分 冲刺
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    1、2023高考英语考前15天抢分冲刺 6. 重点语法考前必背一、可数名词变复数1. 规则变化变化规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-shuman(人类)humans (2021);crowd(人群)crowds (2017);day days (2016) ;strength(优势)strengths;monthmouths;personpersons或people2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es,注意th结尾直接加-sdish(碟子;饭菜dishes;branch(树枝)branches; boxboxes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esknife(刀)knives

    2、; leaf(叶子)leaves口诀助记:妻子(wife-wives)持刀(knife-knives)去宰狼(wolf-wolves),小偷(thief-thieves)吓得发了慌;躲在架(shelf-shelves)后保己(self-selves)命(life-lives),半(half-halves)片树叶(leaf-leaves)遮目光个别的加-sroof(房顶)roofs;proof(证据)proofs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-esactivityactivities (2021); study(研究)studies; factory(工厂)factories6以-o结尾

    3、的名词一般加-sphoto(照片)photos;bamboo(竹子)bamboos少数加-esheroesheroes;potatopotatoes 口诀助记:黑人(negroes)英雄(heroes)爱吃土豆(potatoes)西红柿(tomatoes)和芒果(mangoes)2. 不规则变化变化规则例词1改变内部元音字母footfeet;toothteeth;goose(鹅)geese; manmen;policemanpolicemen 2单复数相同sheepsheep;fish(活鱼)fish(鱼肉为不可数名词); Chinese(中国人)Chinese;means(方式)means;

    4、series(系列)series;species(物种) species3无规则变化childchildren;mousemice;oxoxen(公牛);medium-media(媒体) ;bacterium-bacteria(细菌)6合成名词将主体名词变为复数passer-by(路人) passers-by;son-in-law(女婿)sons-in-law无主体名词将最后一部分变为复数grown-up (成年人)grown-ups将两部分都变为复数woman singerwomen-singers;man servantmen-servants二、常考不可数名词速记(不可数名词一般没有复数

    5、形式,做主语看成单数形式)单词词义单词词义advice 建议baggage/luggage 行李change 零钱furniture 家具hair 头发homework家庭作业information 信息knowledge 知识money 钱news 新闻;消息progress 进步traffic交通equipment设备meat肉room空间luck运气music音乐housework家务fun乐趣wealth财富milk牛奶weather天气orange橙汁food食物work工作paper纸bread面包trouble麻烦三、名词所有格形式所有格形式举例1s/s类一般表示有生命的名词所有

    6、格,但时间、距离、国家城市等无生命名词也可以使用:单数及不规则名词复数s/复数名词sa teachers duty一个教师职责; the bosss office老板的办公室; Womens Day 妇女节;Childrens Day 儿童节; Teachers Day教师节; the parents right父母的权利; yesterdays newspaper昨天的报纸; two miles walk两英里的路程;Chinas history中国的历史注意:the doctors=the doctors office 医务所;the Smiths 史密斯的家(区分the Smiths 史

    7、密斯一家人)2of类一般表示无生命名词的所有格the mouth of the river 河口;the cover of the book 书的封面3双重所有格由of所有格和s/s或名词性物主代词构成a student of my fathers 我爸爸的一个学生; a friend of mine 我的一个朋友四、代词的变化形式类别主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词功能作主语作宾语作定语修饰n.作主语、宾语或表语=形物代+n.作宾语(必须主宾一致)或同位语第一人称Imemyminemyselfweusouroursourselves第二人称youyouyouryoursyour

    8、selfyouyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititititsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves五、形容词/副词变比较级和最高级1. 规则变化构成例词原级比较级最高级一般单音节词后面直接加er,estlonglongerlongestgreatgreatergreatesthardharderhardest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加r和stfinefinerfinestlargelargerlargest重读辅元辅结尾,先双写词尾的辅音字母后再加er和estf

    9、atfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnest以“辅音字母y”结尾的词,先把y变为i再加er和esteasyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest多音节(或=三个音节)和部分双音节的形容词或副词都在前面加more和mostcarefulmore carefulmost carefulpopularmore popularmost popularefficientlymore efficientlymore efficientlyinterestingmore interestingmost interes

    10、tingconcernedmore concernedmost concerned2不规则变化原级比较级最高级good, wellbetterbestbad, illworseworstmany, muchmore mostlittlelessleastfarfarther更远的/地(具体概念)farthest 最远的/地further更进一步的/地(抽象概念)furthest在最大程度上/地oldolder/elder(年长的)oldest/eldest注意:下列表示“最高程度”或“绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级,如:favourite;perfect;excellent;wro

    11、ng;right;unique;extreme等。六、形容词变副词规则类别例词一般直接加lyundoubtedundoubtedly毋庸置疑地(2021)extremeextremely极其地 (2020)regularregularly有规律地以辅音字母y结尾的形容词,变y为i再加lyhappyhappily 高兴地easy easily容易地(2019)特例:shyshyly害羞地(直接加ly) 词尾为ble/le的形容词,去掉e,再加yterribleterribly 可怕地;极度地gentle gently 轻轻地 (2020)特例:wholewholly完全地;整体地(双写l)词尾为

    12、ue的形容词,去掉e再加lytrue truly 真实地词尾为l的形容词,加-ly; 词尾为ll的形容词,直接加yreal really 真实地(2017)official officially正式地(2016)full fully 充分地;完全地dulldully 迟钝地;单调地词尾为ic的形容词,加allybasicbasically 主要地,基本上scientific scientifically科学地specific specifically 特定地七、动词变单数第三人称,过去式/过去分词和现在分词形式变化规则构成方法例词单数第三人称一般情况直接加smean(意味着;意思是)means

    13、(2020) ;comecomes(2017) 以ch,sh,s,x结尾加esteachteaches ;mix(混合)mixes以o结尾加esdo does; gogoes以“辅音字母y”结尾变y 为i加escarry(携带;搬运)carries (2020)crycries过去式/过去分词一般情况直接加edtouchtouched (2020)startstarted (2018)以不发音e结尾直接加dhirehired (2021)decidedecided以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母双写辅音字母加edadmitadmitted (2020)preferpreferred以“辅

    14、音字母y”结尾变y为i加edcarry carried (2020) try tried现在分词直:一般情况直接加ingvisitvisitingsaysaying去:以不发音e结尾去e加ingcomecoming(2020)writewriting双:以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母双写辅音字母加ingcutcuttingrunrunning特:特殊情况特殊记忆lie(躺;说谎)lying; die(死)dying; tie(拴)tying八、动词不规则变化类型汉语原形过去式过去分词AB型能cancould/将要;会;好吗shallshould/将要;会;愿意;要willwould/可

    15、以;也许;可能maymight/AAA型 值(多少钱);花费costcostcost切;剪;削;割cutcutcut打;撞;击中hithithit伤害;受伤;伤人感情hurthurthurt让letletlet必须;应当;必定是mustmustmust放;摆putputput放;安置setsetset关上;封/禁闭;合拢shutshutshut延伸;展开spreadspreadspread读;朗读readreadread /red/AAB型敲打;击打;打赢beatbeatbeatenABA型 变得;成为becomebecamebecome来;来到comecamecome跑/奔跑;(颜色)褪色r

    16、unranrunABB型ABB型 拿来;带来;取来bringbroughtbrought买buyboughtbought想;认为;考虑thinkthoughtthought接/捉住;赶上;染上(疾病)catchcaughtcaught教书;教teachtaughttaught建筑;建立buildbuiltbuilt借(出);把借给lendlentlent打发;派遣;送;邮寄sendsentsent度过;花费(钱/时间)spendspentspent失去;丢失loselostlost粘住;钉住;坚持stickstuckstuck挖(洞、沟等);掘digdugdug悬挂;吊着;把吊起hanghun

    17、ghung感觉;觉得;摸;触feelfeltfelt保持;保存;继续不断keepkeptkept睡觉sleepsleptslept扫除;扫sweepsweptswept离开;把留下;剩下leaveleftleft嗅;闻到;发出(气味)smellsmeltsmelt拼写spellspeltspelt溢出;溅出;洒出spillspiltspilt放;搁laylaidlaid付钱;给报酬paypaidpaid说;讲saysaidsaid卖;售sellsoldsold告诉;讲述;吩咐telltoldtold坐sitsatsat吐痰;吐唾沫spitspatspat站;立;忍受standstoodstoo

    18、d懂得;明白;理解understandunderstoodunderstood燃烧/着火;使烧焦/晒黑burnburntburnt学;学习;学会learnlearntlearnt意思是;意指meanmeantmeant糟蹋;损坏;溺爱spoilspoiltspoilt梦;梦想dreamdreamtdreamt喂(养);饲(养)feedfedfed遇见;见到meetmetmet领导;带领leadledled成为;得到;具有;达到getgotgot发光;照耀;杰出;擦亮shineshoneshone获胜;赢得winwonwon有;吃/喝;进行/经受have / hashadhad制造;做;使得ma

    19、kemademade听见;听说;得知hearheardheard打架/仗;与打仗fightfoughtfought找到;发现;感到findfoundfound拿/抱;握住;举行holdheldheldABC型ABC型 是bewas/werebeen开始;着手beginbeganbegun喝;饮drinkdrankdrunk(钟/铃)响;打电话ringrangrung唱;唱歌singsangsung下沉;沉没sinksanksunk游泳;游swimswamswum吹;刮风;吹气blowblewblown(鸟/飞机)飞;(人乘飞机)飞行;(旗子)飘动flyflewflown生长;发育;种植;变得g

    20、rowgrewgrown知道;了解;认识;懂得knowknewknown投;掷;扔throwthrewthrown绘画;拉;拖;提取(金钱)drawdrewdrawn给看;出示;显示showshowedshown打破;损坏;撕开breakbrokebroken偷;窃取stealstolestolen选择choosechosechosen忘记;忘掉forgetforgotforgotten结冰freezefrozefrozen说;讲;谈话;发言speakspokespoken醒;醒来;叫醒wakewokewoken驾驶;开(车);驱赶drivedrovedriven吃eatateeaten落(下

    21、);降落; 倒fallfellfallen给;递给;付出;给予givegavegiven把藏起来;隐藏hidehidhidden骑(马/自行车);乘车rideroderidden上升;上涨riseroserisen拿;服(药);乘坐;花费taketooktaken弄错mistakemistookmistaken(使)动摇;震动shakeshookshaken写;书写;写作;著述writewrotewritten是am / iswasbeen是arewerebeen做;干dodiddone去;走;变得;通往gowentgone躺;卧;平放;位于lielaylain看见/到;领会;拜会seesaw

    22、seen穿;戴wearworeworn九、基数词变序数词(基数词表数量/序数词表顺序)规律单词一般后加thfour fourth,sixsixth, sevenseventh, tententh, eleveneleventh,thirteenthirteenth,fourteenfourteenth, hundredhundredth,1.2.3特殊记onefirst,twosecond,treethird8去t, 9去e, ve要用f替eighteighth,nineninth,fivefifth,twelvetwelfth几十ty要变tietwentytwentieth,thirtyth

    23、irtieth,fortyfortieth,fiftyfiftieth若是遇到几十几只变个位就可以twenty-onetwenty-first,thirty-fivethirty-fifth十、星期的表达汉语英语汉语英语星期一Monday星期二Tuesday星期三Wednesday星期四Thursday星期五Friday星期六Saturday星期日Monday十一、12个月份的表达汉语英语汉语英语一月January二月February三月March四月April五月May六月June七月July八月August九月September十月October十一月November十二月December

    24、十二、常考的介词搭配1. at nine oclock/dawn/dusk/noon/night 在9点钟/黎明/傍晚/正午/晚上2. at the age of 6 在六岁时 3. at the same time 同时 4. at most/least 最多/至少5. on Sunday/July 1st/a cold winter night/the following day在周日/七月一日/一个寒冷的冬日晚上/第二天6. in August/spring/2020/the twenty-first century 在8月/春季/2020年/21世纪7. in the morning/

    25、afternoon/evening 在早上/下午/晚上8. at a high price 以低价 9. on ones own=by oneself 独自10. in this way以这种方法 11. show respect for sb 尊敬某人12. with these words 说完这些话 13. at this news 听到这个消息14. buy sth for sb 为某人买某物 15. bring sth with sb 随身携带某物16. cant open the door without knowing the password 不知道密码不能打开门17. at

    26、low/high spirits 情绪低落/高涨 18. drive at a high speed 以高速行驶19. wait for a while 等一会 20. on the Internet在互联网上21. have an effect on sth 对.有影响 22. be grateful to sb for sth 因某事感激某人23. apologize to sb for sth 因某事向某人道十三、常考的时态及被动语态1.一般现在时:do/does; am/is/are -am/is/are done时间标志词:always, often, sometimes, usua

    27、lly, seldom, ever day或陈述客观事实2.一般过去式: did; was/were -was/were done时间标志词:yesterday,last., .ago, the other day(前几天), in 2021, then(那时), previously(以前)等3.一般将来时:will do;will be-will be done4.现在进行时:am/is/are doing-am/is/are being done时间标志词:now, currently(目前)5.过去进行时:was/were doing-was/were being done6.现在完成

    28、时:have/has done; have/has been (be)-have/has been done时间标志词:since+时间点;for+时间段;recently/lately (最近);in recent months/years/ so far/up to now(到目前为止); in/over/during the last/past(在过去的里) 7.过去完成时:had done;had been-had been done时间标志词:.before/by+过去的时间(截止到.前)/before/by the time+从句8.现在完成进行时:have/has been do

    29、ing 一直在做.9.含有情态动词:can;could/must/should/may;might/will;would do-can;could/must/should/may;might/will;would/had better be done十四、并列连词及三大从句连词用法表并列连词并列关系and, not only.but also(不但.而且), neither.nor(既不.也不), both.and, be doing sth/about to do sth when(正在做/将要做.这时突然)转折关系but, yet, while(然而),not.but(不是.而是)选择关系

    30、or, either.or(要么.要么)因果关系so(因此); for(因为)定语从句关系代词(在从句中作成分)先行词人who/that(主语);who/that/whom/省略(宾语);whose(定语,表所属关系);介词+which(物)/whom(人)非限定性定语从句:有逗号隔开;从句不用that;which可以指代前面整句话先行词物that/which(主语或宾语);whose(定语,表所属关系)关系副词(从句完整不缺成分)先行词为时间用when=介词+which;先行词为地点用where=介词+which; 先行词为reason用why =for which名词性从句(主语从句、宾语

    31、从句、表语从句、同位语从句)that无实义,不作句子成分,后跟一个完整的句子,宾语从句中可以省略whether/if意为“是否”,不作句子成分,后跟一个完整的句子,宾语从句两者皆可用,主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether特殊疑问词连接代词作句子成分:who, whose, which, what 连接副词不作句子成分:when, where, why, how 状语从句时间状语when(当),while(当,只和延续性动词连用), as(当;随着), before(在.之前), after(在.之后), till/till(直到.), once(一旦), since(自从),as

    32、soon as/the moment/the minute/the second/immediately(一.就),every time(每次),the first time(第一次)地点状语where, wherever(无论什么地方) 原因状语because, since(=now that 既然,由于), as, for目的状语so that(以便于;为了),in order that, in case/for fear(以免;以防)结果状语so.that/such .that (如此.以至于), so that(结果)条件状语if, unless(除非), as long as=so

    33、long as (只要)让步状语although, though, while, as (虽然), even if/though(即使),whatever(= no matter what),whenever(=no matter when).方式状语as(像),as if/though(好像)比较状语than(比),as.as(和.一样),not as/so.as(不如),the same.as, such.as,the more.the more(越.越.)十五、高频易错点速记名词1. 名词只用复数形式的情况:good manners(有礼貌); take/by turns(轮流); in

    34、 high/low spirits(情绪高涨/低落); in tears(流泪); send greetings/regards to sb(向.传达问候);with thanks(感谢);a pair of trousers(裤子);a pair of glasses(眼镜);a pair of scissor(剪刀); goods(商品); works of art(作品)等。2. many/quite a few/several/a couple of/one of+限定词可数名词复数。注意:many a+可数名词单词 许多.但作主语时仍看作单数如Many a student atten

    35、ds the meeting.3. “同词异数”现象:chicken:鸡(可数)/鸡肉(不可数); change 变化(可数)/零钱(不可数);experience经历(可数)/经验(不可数);exercise练习(可数)/锻炼(不可数);light灯(可数)/光(不可数); life 生活(可数)/生命(不可数); time次数(可数)/时间(不可数); work著作,作品(可数)/工作(不可数); paper报纸,试卷(可数)/纸(不可数)4. 可以具体化的抽象不可数名词,如a success表示一个成功的人或事; a pleasure 一件快乐的事:常见的有“惊(surprise)乐(p

    36、leasure)憾(pity)傲(pride)慰(comfort)险(danger)助(help)成(success)败(failure)美(beauty)”。短语have a good time 玩得高兴 have a good knowledge of 精通 at a speed of 以.速度 reach a height of 到达.高度 at an altitude of 在海拔.高度动词1. 除be外的系动词:状态保持类:keep, remain, stay等。感官动词类:look, feel, smell, sound, taste等。表示动作和过程产生的结果或状态的变化:bec

    37、ome, grow, get, go, come等。2. 不用于被动语态的动词(短语)不及物动词(短语), 如 happen, take place, 等 归属类动词(短语),如 belong to属于consist of 由.组成last, look like 等表示状态或情况的动词(短语)。系动词。3. 现在完成时have/has done:表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响或表示从过去某个时间开始延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作,常与since+时间点、for+时间段、so far/by now/up to now(到目前为止), in/during/over the past/last

    38、few days/years. 等连用。4. 过去完成时had done:表示“过去的过去”,常见的时间状语有:“by+过去的时间点、by the end of +过去的时间点、before+过去的时间点等。5. 情态动词(can, should,must, may, had better, have to.)后加动词原形,构成“情态动词do”结构;其被动式为“情态动词be done”.6. 动词(短语)+介词 to类常见短语:object to(反对),stick to(坚持),get down to(着手处理),make a contribution to(为做贡献),look forwa

    39、rd to(盼望)等后接动词-ing形式。7. 易误用的动词短语:show off 炫耀,dress up盛装打扮,take up占用(时间);占据(空间),find out找出,弄明白(情况),attend to(处理,照料),see to(办理,照料)等所表示的含义不同。8. 省略不定式to 的短语:had better do sth. (最好做某事),would rather do sth. (宁愿做某事),make/let/have sb.do sth. 使某人做某事,see/watch/notice/hear sb.do sth. (看到听到某人做某事)等。注意:see/watch/

    40、notice/hear sb.do sth. (强调动作的全过程),而see/watch/notice/hear sb.doing sth.(强调动作正在进行)9. to do不定式作后置定语:名词 way, ability, attempt(尝试), chance/opportunity, effort, plan, desire, ambition等后常跟不定式作定语;序数词the first/second/the last或最高级等修饰的名词后常跟不定式作定语:Armstrong is the first man (to walk on the moon). 10. 含有不定式的固定句式

    41、:It is/was +adj. +for sb.to do sth. 结构,作表语的形容词多表示事物的性质,如 difficult, important, necessary等。It is/was +adj. + of sb. to do sth. 结构,作表语的形容词多表示人物的品质性格特征,如 honest, careless, foolish, clever等。疑问词(who, which, when, where, how, what 等)to do sth. “结构,该结构在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语等。It takes (sb. ) some time to do sth. 结构

    42、,做某事花费某人多少时间。11. 后接从句要使用虚拟语气即从句谓语用should do,should可省略的词有:一坚持(insist), 二命令(order, command), 三建议(propose, suggest, advise), 四要求(demand, ask, request, require),如I insist (that) you should get up early.形容词、副词1. -ly结尾的形容词:以-ly结尾的形容词易被误用为副词,如 friendly(有好的), lovely(可爱的), lively(活泼的), lonely(孤独的), elderly(年

    43、长的)等。2. -ic 结尾的形容词变副词:此类形容词变为副词时注意不能直接加-ly, 要加ally, 如 basic基本的, specificspecifically, scientificscientifically (例外:publicpublicly)。3. 原级无比较意义,同级比较:as+原级as.和.一样.,not as/so原级as. . .不如/像. 。比较级常有标志词than;或有much, even, far, a little, a bit, a lot 等; 注意句意暗含比较或有平行结构呼应。最高级用于三者以上比较前面常有the, 后面有of/in短语表比较范围;one

    44、 of+the+形容词最高级可数名词复数4. 否定词+比较级表达最高级的概念:I couldnt agree with you any more.我非常同意。Youcantbetoocarefulthese days.这些天再当心谨慎也不为过。There is no uglier face like that.没有比那更丑陋的相貌了。Nothing is more difficult than that.没有什么比那更难了。5. 分词形容词: 现在分词形容词-ing一般表示“让人使人令人”,常用于形容事物, 如an exciting news; The story is inspiring.;

    45、过去分词形容词-ed常表示“感到”,常用于形容人, 如He is interested in the book. 注意:表示人的表情神态的词也可以用动词-ed修饰, 如She looked at me with a confused look/expression.6. 易混的副词/形容词辨析:close 近的;近地(具体)closely 密切地,仔细地(抽象);high 高高地(具体)/highly 高度地(抽象);deep 深的;深地(具体)/deeply深深地(抽象);hard努力地,费力地;猛烈地hardly几乎不;most最,(程度上)最大mostly一般地,主要地;late 晚的;

    46、晚地lately 最近later后来/latest最新的/latter后者的等。代词1. it代替从句作形式主语的常见句型:It be +adj. +主语从句:It is important/necessary that we(should) protect our environment。It be+过去分词that从句: It is reported that.据报道.It be+名词词组(a pity,a shame)+that从句:It is a pity that you failed your driving test. It seems/appears/happens/turns

    47、 out/. . . +that从句。2. It 开头的固定句式:It is high time that sb did/should do sth.表示是某人应该做某事的时候了。It/This/That is the first/second/. . .time that sb.have/has done. . . 当主句中be 动词用was时,从句谓语用过去完成时had done sth,常译为“这是某人第一第二.次做某事”。It will be +时间段(years/months/weeks/days/hours/minutes)+before sb.do/does sth. 该句型意为

    48、“要过多长时间才”。It wont be long before. . . 该句型意为“要不了多久就.”。It has been +时间段since sb. did sth. 该句型意“为从某人做某事已经多长时间”。强调句:It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+其它3. it作形式宾语,无实际意义,其后的从句是真正的宾语,如rely/depend on it that. . . 指望. would appreciate it if. . . 如果将会不胜感激。4. it的习惯搭配:make it 成功;get it猜对了,理解,明白;be worth it值得等。5. it 指前

    49、文出现的单数名词或不可数名词,为同一物;that指代同类不同物的单数或不可数名词:The population of China is larger than that of Japan. (that也指人口但不是中国的人口)数词1. 基数词表数量,序数词表顺序:I am eighteen years old and I am in the seventh grade. 我18岁,在七年级。2. ten, hundred, thousand, million, billion表示确切数字时用单数形式,不能加s, 如a/one hundred kids; 表示“数以百万计,数以千计”等笼统数量时

    50、,词尾要加s, 且前面不能用数词,后面跟 of, 如 hundreds of kids.3. 表达在某人几十多岁时,用in ones+整十基数词的复数(十除外), 如 in his twenties; 表达在几十年代时,用in the+年份的复数,如 in the1990s.冠词1. a和an的用法:a/an泛指“一个.”,a用于发音以辅音音素开头的单词前;an用于发音以元音音素开头的单词前。注意拼写以辅音字母开头,发音却以元音音素开头的单词,如an hour, an honest man, an honor等,其前要用an; 拼写以元音字母开头,发音却不以元音音素开头的单词,如a usefu

    51、l tool, a university, a unique way , a united Europe, a European country , a one-way ticket(单程票)等,其前要用a。2. 易多加冠词的情况: 以下固定搭配中的名词前不加冠词,如:make progress, at school, in place, at first, pay attention to, make use of, in public, in danger, in favor of 等。注意: nature(大自然),society(社会)等前通常不加定冠词the,如get close t

    52、o nature 走进自然。介词1. 经常省略介词的短语:be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事;spend money/time (in) doing sth. 花费金钱时间做某事;have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难;prevent/stop. . .(from) doing sth. 阻止做某事, 注意keep sb. from doing sth.中from不能省略。2. 受汉语思维的影响,考生易忽略一些及物动词后面多加的介词:offer sb.sth. “给某人提供某物”,offer后不加to; serve

    53、the people“为人民服务”,serve 后不加 for; approach sb. “靠近某人”,approach 后不易多加介词; reach sp. “到达某地”, reach 后不加to; ; lack confidence“缺乏自信”,lack后不加of(注意a lack of confidence中 lack为名词);enter the classroom “进入教室”,enter后不加into等。3. 受汉语思维的影响,不及物动词后易缺少介词:knock at the door“敲门”,knock后常漏掉at;reply to the question “回答问题”,rep

    54、ly后常漏掉to;wait for sb. “等待某人”,wait后常漏掉for;listen to music“听音乐”,listen 后常漏掉to;agree with you“同意你的观点”,agree后常漏掉with;complain about sth.“抱怨某事”,complain后常漏掉about; appeal to sb. “吸引/呼吁某人”,appeal 后常漏掉to;participate in the activity“参加活动”,participate 后常漏掉in; worry about sb./sth.“担心某人”,worry后常漏掉about, worry s

    55、b. 意为“使某人担心”等。4. 当表示时间的名词morning, day, week, Sunday 等被 this, that, last, next, every等词修饰时,其前不加介词,如:every day, each week, last Sunday, next year.5. 表示方式的介词:in, with, by都可以表示方式,具体用法如下:in+材料/语言(ink墨水, English等), in the form of.以.形式,in order of 以.顺序;with+具体的工具(knife, spoon等);by+交通工具(bike,car等),by doing

    56、sth通过做某事。连词1. 可引导时间状语从句的短语:the first time(第一次), every time(每次), the second/the minute/the moment/the instant(一.就)等可引导时间状语从句,其后不能再加when之类的连接词。2. 定语从句:介词后指人的关系代词用whom, 指物用 which;关系代词whose 表所属关系作定语;非限定定语从句引导词不能用that,其它规则不变;非限定定语从句which可指代前面整句话。3. 熟记下列状语从句连词:as long as=so long as 只要;as far as 就.而言;if on

    57、ly.要是就好了;only if.只要.;now that, since, as, for, in that,because 既然/由于/因为;given/concerning that 鉴于,考虑到;supposing/assuming(that)假定,假设4. 区分某些连词(后跟状语从句)和介词(后跟n./动名词doing或宾语从句):随着:with(介),with time going by; as(连)as time goes by;虽然,尽管:despite/in spite of(介),although/though/while/as(连)部分否定(有时会在阅读理解中出现)无论not位置在哪儿, 与both, all, every等词同时出现都表示部分否定,例如Not all that glitters is gold.= All that glitters is not gold. 并非所有发光的都是金子。Not all the teachers present are women .=All the teachers present are not women. 并非所有出席的老师都是女性。

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