6. 重点语法考前必背-2023高考英语考前15天抢分冲刺.docx
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- 6. 重点语法考前必背-2023高考英语考前15天抢分冲刺 重点 语法 考前 2023 高考 英语 15 天抢分 冲刺
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1、2023高考英语考前15天抢分冲刺 6. 重点语法考前必背一、可数名词变复数1. 规则变化变化规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-shuman(人类)humans (2021);crowd(人群)crowds (2017);day days (2016) ;strength(优势)strengths;monthmouths;personpersons或people2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es,注意th结尾直接加-sdish(碟子;饭菜dishes;branch(树枝)branches; boxboxes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esknife(刀)knives
2、; leaf(叶子)leaves口诀助记:妻子(wife-wives)持刀(knife-knives)去宰狼(wolf-wolves),小偷(thief-thieves)吓得发了慌;躲在架(shelf-shelves)后保己(self-selves)命(life-lives),半(half-halves)片树叶(leaf-leaves)遮目光个别的加-sroof(房顶)roofs;proof(证据)proofs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-esactivityactivities (2021); study(研究)studies; factory(工厂)factories6以-o结尾
3、的名词一般加-sphoto(照片)photos;bamboo(竹子)bamboos少数加-esheroesheroes;potatopotatoes 口诀助记:黑人(negroes)英雄(heroes)爱吃土豆(potatoes)西红柿(tomatoes)和芒果(mangoes)2. 不规则变化变化规则例词1改变内部元音字母footfeet;toothteeth;goose(鹅)geese; manmen;policemanpolicemen 2单复数相同sheepsheep;fish(活鱼)fish(鱼肉为不可数名词); Chinese(中国人)Chinese;means(方式)means;
4、series(系列)series;species(物种) species3无规则变化childchildren;mousemice;oxoxen(公牛);medium-media(媒体) ;bacterium-bacteria(细菌)6合成名词将主体名词变为复数passer-by(路人) passers-by;son-in-law(女婿)sons-in-law无主体名词将最后一部分变为复数grown-up (成年人)grown-ups将两部分都变为复数woman singerwomen-singers;man servantmen-servants二、常考不可数名词速记(不可数名词一般没有复数
5、形式,做主语看成单数形式)单词词义单词词义advice 建议baggage/luggage 行李change 零钱furniture 家具hair 头发homework家庭作业information 信息knowledge 知识money 钱news 新闻;消息progress 进步traffic交通equipment设备meat肉room空间luck运气music音乐housework家务fun乐趣wealth财富milk牛奶weather天气orange橙汁food食物work工作paper纸bread面包trouble麻烦三、名词所有格形式所有格形式举例1s/s类一般表示有生命的名词所有
6、格,但时间、距离、国家城市等无生命名词也可以使用:单数及不规则名词复数s/复数名词sa teachers duty一个教师职责; the bosss office老板的办公室; Womens Day 妇女节;Childrens Day 儿童节; Teachers Day教师节; the parents right父母的权利; yesterdays newspaper昨天的报纸; two miles walk两英里的路程;Chinas history中国的历史注意:the doctors=the doctors office 医务所;the Smiths 史密斯的家(区分the Smiths 史
7、密斯一家人)2of类一般表示无生命名词的所有格the mouth of the river 河口;the cover of the book 书的封面3双重所有格由of所有格和s/s或名词性物主代词构成a student of my fathers 我爸爸的一个学生; a friend of mine 我的一个朋友四、代词的变化形式类别主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词功能作主语作宾语作定语修饰n.作主语、宾语或表语=形物代+n.作宾语(必须主宾一致)或同位语第一人称Imemyminemyselfweusouroursourselves第二人称youyouyouryoursyour
8、selfyouyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititititsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves五、形容词/副词变比较级和最高级1. 规则变化构成例词原级比较级最高级一般单音节词后面直接加er,estlonglongerlongestgreatgreatergreatesthardharderhardest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加r和stfinefinerfinestlargelargerlargest重读辅元辅结尾,先双写词尾的辅音字母后再加er和estf
9、atfatterfattestthinthinnerthinnest以“辅音字母y”结尾的词,先把y变为i再加er和esteasyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiestearlyearlierearliest多音节(或=三个音节)和部分双音节的形容词或副词都在前面加more和mostcarefulmore carefulmost carefulpopularmore popularmost popularefficientlymore efficientlymore efficientlyinterestingmore interestingmost interes
10、tingconcernedmore concernedmost concerned2不规则变化原级比较级最高级good, wellbetterbestbad, illworseworstmany, muchmore mostlittlelessleastfarfarther更远的/地(具体概念)farthest 最远的/地further更进一步的/地(抽象概念)furthest在最大程度上/地oldolder/elder(年长的)oldest/eldest注意:下列表示“最高程度”或“绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高级,如:favourite;perfect;excellent;wro
11、ng;right;unique;extreme等。六、形容词变副词规则类别例词一般直接加lyundoubtedundoubtedly毋庸置疑地(2021)extremeextremely极其地 (2020)regularregularly有规律地以辅音字母y结尾的形容词,变y为i再加lyhappyhappily 高兴地easy easily容易地(2019)特例:shyshyly害羞地(直接加ly) 词尾为ble/le的形容词,去掉e,再加yterribleterribly 可怕地;极度地gentle gently 轻轻地 (2020)特例:wholewholly完全地;整体地(双写l)词尾为
12、ue的形容词,去掉e再加lytrue truly 真实地词尾为l的形容词,加-ly; 词尾为ll的形容词,直接加yreal really 真实地(2017)official officially正式地(2016)full fully 充分地;完全地dulldully 迟钝地;单调地词尾为ic的形容词,加allybasicbasically 主要地,基本上scientific scientifically科学地specific specifically 特定地七、动词变单数第三人称,过去式/过去分词和现在分词形式变化规则构成方法例词单数第三人称一般情况直接加smean(意味着;意思是)means
13、(2020) ;comecomes(2017) 以ch,sh,s,x结尾加esteachteaches ;mix(混合)mixes以o结尾加esdo does; gogoes以“辅音字母y”结尾变y 为i加escarry(携带;搬运)carries (2020)crycries过去式/过去分词一般情况直接加edtouchtouched (2020)startstarted (2018)以不发音e结尾直接加dhirehired (2021)decidedecided以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母双写辅音字母加edadmitadmitted (2020)preferpreferred以“辅
14、音字母y”结尾变y为i加edcarry carried (2020) try tried现在分词直:一般情况直接加ingvisitvisitingsaysaying去:以不发音e结尾去e加ingcomecoming(2020)writewriting双:以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母双写辅音字母加ingcutcuttingrunrunning特:特殊情况特殊记忆lie(躺;说谎)lying; die(死)dying; tie(拴)tying八、动词不规则变化类型汉语原形过去式过去分词AB型能cancould/将要;会;好吗shallshould/将要;会;愿意;要willwould/可
15、以;也许;可能maymight/AAA型 值(多少钱);花费costcostcost切;剪;削;割cutcutcut打;撞;击中hithithit伤害;受伤;伤人感情hurthurthurt让letletlet必须;应当;必定是mustmustmust放;摆putputput放;安置setsetset关上;封/禁闭;合拢shutshutshut延伸;展开spreadspreadspread读;朗读readreadread /red/AAB型敲打;击打;打赢beatbeatbeatenABA型 变得;成为becomebecamebecome来;来到comecamecome跑/奔跑;(颜色)褪色r
16、unranrunABB型ABB型 拿来;带来;取来bringbroughtbrought买buyboughtbought想;认为;考虑thinkthoughtthought接/捉住;赶上;染上(疾病)catchcaughtcaught教书;教teachtaughttaught建筑;建立buildbuiltbuilt借(出);把借给lendlentlent打发;派遣;送;邮寄sendsentsent度过;花费(钱/时间)spendspentspent失去;丢失loselostlost粘住;钉住;坚持stickstuckstuck挖(洞、沟等);掘digdugdug悬挂;吊着;把吊起hanghun
17、ghung感觉;觉得;摸;触feelfeltfelt保持;保存;继续不断keepkeptkept睡觉sleepsleptslept扫除;扫sweepsweptswept离开;把留下;剩下leaveleftleft嗅;闻到;发出(气味)smellsmeltsmelt拼写spellspeltspelt溢出;溅出;洒出spillspiltspilt放;搁laylaidlaid付钱;给报酬paypaidpaid说;讲saysaidsaid卖;售sellsoldsold告诉;讲述;吩咐telltoldtold坐sitsatsat吐痰;吐唾沫spitspatspat站;立;忍受standstoodstoo
18、d懂得;明白;理解understandunderstoodunderstood燃烧/着火;使烧焦/晒黑burnburntburnt学;学习;学会learnlearntlearnt意思是;意指meanmeantmeant糟蹋;损坏;溺爱spoilspoiltspoilt梦;梦想dreamdreamtdreamt喂(养);饲(养)feedfedfed遇见;见到meetmetmet领导;带领leadledled成为;得到;具有;达到getgotgot发光;照耀;杰出;擦亮shineshoneshone获胜;赢得winwonwon有;吃/喝;进行/经受have / hashadhad制造;做;使得ma
19、kemademade听见;听说;得知hearheardheard打架/仗;与打仗fightfoughtfought找到;发现;感到findfoundfound拿/抱;握住;举行holdheldheldABC型ABC型 是bewas/werebeen开始;着手beginbeganbegun喝;饮drinkdrankdrunk(钟/铃)响;打电话ringrangrung唱;唱歌singsangsung下沉;沉没sinksanksunk游泳;游swimswamswum吹;刮风;吹气blowblewblown(鸟/飞机)飞;(人乘飞机)飞行;(旗子)飘动flyflewflown生长;发育;种植;变得g
20、rowgrewgrown知道;了解;认识;懂得knowknewknown投;掷;扔throwthrewthrown绘画;拉;拖;提取(金钱)drawdrewdrawn给看;出示;显示showshowedshown打破;损坏;撕开breakbrokebroken偷;窃取stealstolestolen选择choosechosechosen忘记;忘掉forgetforgotforgotten结冰freezefrozefrozen说;讲;谈话;发言speakspokespoken醒;醒来;叫醒wakewokewoken驾驶;开(车);驱赶drivedrovedriven吃eatateeaten落(下
21、);降落; 倒fallfellfallen给;递给;付出;给予givegavegiven把藏起来;隐藏hidehidhidden骑(马/自行车);乘车rideroderidden上升;上涨riseroserisen拿;服(药);乘坐;花费taketooktaken弄错mistakemistookmistaken(使)动摇;震动shakeshookshaken写;书写;写作;著述writewrotewritten是am / iswasbeen是arewerebeen做;干dodiddone去;走;变得;通往gowentgone躺;卧;平放;位于lielaylain看见/到;领会;拜会seesaw
22、seen穿;戴wearworeworn九、基数词变序数词(基数词表数量/序数词表顺序)规律单词一般后加thfour fourth,sixsixth, sevenseventh, tententh, eleveneleventh,thirteenthirteenth,fourteenfourteenth, hundredhundredth,1.2.3特殊记onefirst,twosecond,treethird8去t, 9去e, ve要用f替eighteighth,nineninth,fivefifth,twelvetwelfth几十ty要变tietwentytwentieth,thirtyth
23、irtieth,fortyfortieth,fiftyfiftieth若是遇到几十几只变个位就可以twenty-onetwenty-first,thirty-fivethirty-fifth十、星期的表达汉语英语汉语英语星期一Monday星期二Tuesday星期三Wednesday星期四Thursday星期五Friday星期六Saturday星期日Monday十一、12个月份的表达汉语英语汉语英语一月January二月February三月March四月April五月May六月June七月July八月August九月September十月October十一月November十二月December
24、十二、常考的介词搭配1. at nine oclock/dawn/dusk/noon/night 在9点钟/黎明/傍晚/正午/晚上2. at the age of 6 在六岁时 3. at the same time 同时 4. at most/least 最多/至少5. on Sunday/July 1st/a cold winter night/the following day在周日/七月一日/一个寒冷的冬日晚上/第二天6. in August/spring/2020/the twenty-first century 在8月/春季/2020年/21世纪7. in the morning/
25、afternoon/evening 在早上/下午/晚上8. at a high price 以低价 9. on ones own=by oneself 独自10. in this way以这种方法 11. show respect for sb 尊敬某人12. with these words 说完这些话 13. at this news 听到这个消息14. buy sth for sb 为某人买某物 15. bring sth with sb 随身携带某物16. cant open the door without knowing the password 不知道密码不能打开门17. at
26、low/high spirits 情绪低落/高涨 18. drive at a high speed 以高速行驶19. wait for a while 等一会 20. on the Internet在互联网上21. have an effect on sth 对.有影响 22. be grateful to sb for sth 因某事感激某人23. apologize to sb for sth 因某事向某人道十三、常考的时态及被动语态1.一般现在时:do/does; am/is/are -am/is/are done时间标志词:always, often, sometimes, usua
27、lly, seldom, ever day或陈述客观事实2.一般过去式: did; was/were -was/were done时间标志词:yesterday,last., .ago, the other day(前几天), in 2021, then(那时), previously(以前)等3.一般将来时:will do;will be-will be done4.现在进行时:am/is/are doing-am/is/are being done时间标志词:now, currently(目前)5.过去进行时:was/were doing-was/were being done6.现在完成
28、时:have/has done; have/has been (be)-have/has been done时间标志词:since+时间点;for+时间段;recently/lately (最近);in recent months/years/ so far/up to now(到目前为止); in/over/during the last/past(在过去的里) 7.过去完成时:had done;had been-had been done时间标志词:.before/by+过去的时间(截止到.前)/before/by the time+从句8.现在完成进行时:have/has been do
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