69 气候变暖南极“高温”天气破纪录 2022年中考英语时文热点话题题型专练.docx

1、69 气候变暖，南极“高温”天气破纪录2022年中考英语时文热点话题题型专练相关时文链接南极“高温”天气破纪录，比正常水平高约30度中国日报双语新闻2022-03-24 13:32近来，地球上最寒冷的地方经历了一段前所未有的“高温”天气：东南极冰盖处的温度比其正常水平高出约10到33度。如此反常的气温打破了原有的最高温度纪录，也让科学家们吃惊不已。The coldest location on the planet has experienced an episode of warm weather this week unlike any ever observed, with temper

2、atures over the eastern Antarctic ice sheet soaring 10 Celsius to 33Celsius above normal. The warmth has smashed records and shocked scientists.以南极洲上空为中心，基于美国GFS模型对3月18日气温与正常气温温差的模拟图源：WeatherBell“这改写了南极气候学”，发表过南极温度研究报告的研究员Stefano Di Battista在推特上写道。他说，这种异常高温在实际发生之前会被认为是“不可能”且“难以想象”的。Antarctic climato

3、logy has been rewritten, tweeted Stefano Di Battista, a researcher who has published studies on Antarctic temperatures. He added that such temperature anomalies would have been considered impossibleand unthinkablebefore they actually occurred.当然，这里的“高温”是相对而言的。南极洲东部的温度不再是零下四十度到五十度，而是上升到了零下十度到二十度对于南极洲

4、来说，这是一场巨大的热浪。What is considered warmover the eastern Antarctica is, of course, relative. Instead of temperatures being minus-45.6 or minus-51.1 Celsius, theyve been closer to minus-17.8Celsius or minus-12.2 Celsius. Thats a massive heat wave by Antarctic standards.沃斯托克站（Vostok Station）是一个位于东部冰原中心的俄罗

5、斯气象观测站，距离南极极点大约1300千米，海拔3488米，其因观测到了地球上的最低温度（1983年7月21日的零下89.2度）而闻名。该观测站以往观测到的三月份平均高温在零下52.3度左右，但在3月18日，这里的气温跃升至零下17.7度。这也是该观测站建站65年来观测到的3月份最高温度。The average high temperature in Vostok at the center of the eastern ice sheet is around minus-52.3Celsiusin March. But on Friday, the temperature leaped to

6、 minus-17.7 Celsius, the warmest its been there during March since record keeping began 65 years ago.思韦茨冰川同时，在南极洲西部，冰盖正在减少这里与南极半岛是地球上变暖最快的地区之一。此处的海洋暖流也加速了思韦茨冰川（Antarcticas Thwaites Glacier）的融化。这块与美国佛罗里达州面积相当的冰体有着“末日冰川”之称，它的融化占每年全球海平面上升的4%。The western Antarctic ice sheet is losing mass while western

7、parts of the continent and the peninsula are among the fastest-warming regions on Earth. Warm ocean temperatures threaten to destabilize Antarcticas Thwaites Glacier, a slab the size of Florida that contributes about 4 percent of annual global sea level rise.近来南极与北极温度与正常温度的差异图源：ClimateReanalyzer.org

8、在此之前，地球的另一极也出现了异常高温。3月16日，北极附近的温度比正常水平高出10度，已经接近冰的熔点。The historically high temperatures in Antarctica follow a pulse of exceptional warmth on the planets opposite end. On Wednesday, temperatures near the North Pole catapulted about 10 Celcius above normal, close to the melting point.是什么导致了高温?“这两种天气事

9、件都与热量和水分向极地输送有关”，美国科罗拉多州立大学气候科学家扎卡里拉贝博士在推特上说。澳大利亚新南威尔士大学副教授亚历克斯森古普塔表示，来自澳大利亚的强风是造成南极洲温度异常的原因。在澳大利亚南部的南大洋上，一系列剧烈的天气系统形成了从澳大利亚一直延伸到南极洲东部的极强风。澳大利亚莫纳什大学气候研究员朱莉阿尔布拉斯特教授表示，强降雨云团将温暖潮湿的空气带到了南极东部上空，也是导致当地高温的主要因素。“目前，南极洲的海冰面积是有记录以来最低的”，阿尔布拉斯特说，“南极洲周围靠近大陆的许多海冰现在已经变成了海洋。了解南极低海冰面积和这些高温之间是否存在联系将会非常有趣。”编辑：朱迪齐实习生：房

10、晓玥来源：科技日报华盛顿邮报一、阅读单选第1篇Robert Swan wanted to be an adventurer (冒险家) when he was 11. He wanted to become the first person to walk to both the North Pole and the South Pole (南极和北极). People told him he was crazy, but he never gave up his dream.In January 1986, Swan and his team reached the South Pole f

11、or the first time. Just three years later, Swan created a new team to head for the North Pole. During those two long trips, Swan noticed some terrible things. At the South Pole, the color of his eyes changed because of a kind of rays. This kind of rays are harmful to both humans and the environment.

12、 At the North Pole, the ice started to melt four months earlier than the usual “melt season”. These two things made Swan realize the poles were in danger. He thought he must do something.Now he works to help people pay more attention to the environment protection, especially the poles. Swan hopes th

13、at he can not only save the two amazing places, but also help protect humans health. Because protecting the nature is protecting ourselves.1When did Swan go to the South Pole with his team?AIn 1986.BIn 1987.CIn 1988.DIn 1989.2What did Swan notice at the North Pole?AThe air smelt terrible.BThe sun ch

14、anged color.CSome rays can harm peoples health.DThe ice began to melt earlier.3What do we know about Swan from the last paragraph?AHe advises people to visit the poles.BHe is preparing for new journeys to the poles.CHe believes saving the nature is saving ourselves.DHe thinks the poles are the earth

15、s most important places.4In what part of the newspaper can we read this passage?AEnvironment.BSport.CMusic.DHealth.【答案】1-4ADCA【短文分析】Robert Swan是一个冒险家，他成功到达南极和北极。在北极冰雪融化提前了四个月，这也让他意识到，保护环境的重要性。因此他现在致力于环境保护。【答案解析】【第1题】 细节理解题。根据“In January 1986, Swan and his team reached the South Pole for the first ti

16、me.”可知Swan和他的团队在1986年1月到达南极。故选A。【第2题】细节理解题。根据“At the North Pole, the ice started to melt four months earlier than the usual melt season. ”可知在北极，他看到冰雪融化比正常提前四个月。故选D。【第3题】细节理解题。根据“Swan hopes that he can not only save the two amazing places, but also help protect humans health. Because protecting the n

17、ature is protecting ourselves.”可知Swan号召人们保护环境，因为保护自然就是保护我们自己。故选C。【第4题】推理判断题。根据“Now he works to help people pay more attention to the environment protection, especially the poles.”可知介绍Swan的事迹，最后号召人们保护环境，因此最有可能出现在环境版。故选A。 第2篇 Scientists predict(预测) that most polar bears will disappear by the year 2100

18、 because of global warming. There are about 25,000 polar bears. They spend most of their lives on the ice which covers the Arctic(北冰洋).As the world gets hotter because of man-made climate(气候)change, the Arctic is warming about twice as quickly as other places. This is making the ice smaller and thin

19、ner. Scientists say that by 2040, the ice could melt(融化) completely during the summers. For polar bears, thats a matter of life and death(死亡).In the winter, when theres ice, polar bears eat as much as possible, to store(贮存) up energy. But these days, theres less winter ice. And summers are the harde

20、st time for polar bears. Because there is less ice to travel on, they have to spend more time on land. But there isnt much food on land.The scientists believe that by 2040, polar bears will start disappear in southern areas of the Arctic, like Canada. In places like Alaska and Russia, the bears may

21、start to disappear by 2080.To help save polar bears, Its time for us to take rapid action to reduce the effect(影响) of global heating.1According to the scientists, in _ years, there will maybe no polar bears on Earth.A20B40C60D802Why dont polar bears like summers?AThere is not enough food then. BTher

22、e is too much ice on land.CThey dislike the cold weather. DThey must live in the water then.3What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?AThe Arctic is the best living place for polar bears.BCanada has taken action to save polar bears.CThe situation of polar bears is serious.D2080 is a turning point

23、 for polar bears.4Why does the writer write the passage?ATo welcome people to visit the Arctic. BTo ask people to help save polar bears.CTo introduce polar bears to people. DTo warn people not to kill polar bears.5In which part of a newspaper can we see the passage?ACULTUREBGEOGRAPHY. CNATURE DTECHN

24、OLOGY.【答案】1-5DACBC【短文分析】文章介绍了因为全球气候变暖，科学家预测在2100年前北极熊将会消失，呼吁我们要采取行动来减少全球气温变暖的影响。【答案解析】【第1题】细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists predict (预测) that most polar bears will disappear bythe year 2100 because of global warming.”可知科学家预测到2100年大多北极熊可能会消失，因此推断80年后可能世界上将会没有北极熊。故选D。【第2题】细节理解题。根据第三段“And summers are the hardest

25、 time for polar bears. Because there is less ice to travel on, they have to spend more time on land. But there isnt much food on land.”可知夏天对于北极熊来说是最艰难的时刻，因为冰很少，它们必须待在陆地上，而陆地上没有太多食物，因此可知这是北极熊不喜欢夏天的原因。故选A。【第3题】推理判断题。根据第四段“The scientists believe that by 2040，polar bears will start disappear in southern

26、 areas 0f the Arctic, like Canada. In places like Alaska and Russia，the bears may start to disappear by 2080.”可知北极熊将会逐渐灭绝，因此判断我们从第四段知道了北极熊的处境非常糟糕。故选C。【第4题】推理判断题。根据最后一段“To help save polar bears,its time for us totake rapid action to reduce the effect (影响) of global heating.”可知作者倡议人们拯救北极熊，采取行动减少全球变暖的影

27、响，因此判断作者的目的是让人们帮助拯救北极熊，故选B。【第5题】推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists predict (预测) that most polar bears will disappear bythe year 2100 because of global warming.”可知本文主要讲了科学家预测北极熊面临灭绝的危险，是有关动物的，因此判断我们可以在报纸的自然部分读到这篇文章。故选C。 第3篇We often think the Arctic(北极) only has snow and ice. But in fact, it has far more than tha

28、t! The Arctic is on top of Earth. The Arctic Ocean makes up two-thirds of the Arctic, while one-third is made up of land in eight countries, including Russia, Canada, and the US.The Arctic lands have many various lives. Some plants and animals can grow in very cold temperatures. In fact, the Arctic

29、is home to more than 21,000 kinds of lives. There are whales. Arctic foxes and many more The polar bear(北极熊)is the most famous Arctic animal.You might think that the Arctic is too cold for people to live in. But surprisingly, there are about 4 million people living there. Thats the same population a

30、s the city of Taiyuan in Shanxi. China. About 10 percent are local people. They have been there for thousands of years. They make living by fishing. hunting(打猎)and so on.A group of scientists recently came back from a one-year-long study in the Arctic. They have bad news: the Arctic is dying. The am

31、ount of Arctic sea ice is falling by around 3 percent every year. There will be no more ice during the summer in the near future. What does this mean for us? Many animals, such as polar bears, hunt for their food on the ice. If they cant do this anymore, they will die of hunger. Local people hunt an

32、imals for food. But since so many animals are dying, they need to change their way of life.1Which of the following countries is NOT mentioned in the passage?AAmerica.BJapan.CCanada.DChina.2What does the word “various” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese?A濒危的B稀有的C不同的D珍贵的3The local people of the Arctic mak

33、e a living by _.AfishingBhuntingCfarmingDBoth A and B4From the passage, we know that _.Athe polar bear is the most famous Arctic animalBall the animals in the Arctic will die of hungerCtwo-thirds of the Arctic is made up of landDthe population of the city of Taiyuan is about 400,000.5This passage is

34、 mainly about _.Athe people in the ArcticBthe animals in the ArcticCthe lives in the ArcticDthe weather in the Arctic【答案】1-5BCDAC【短文分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北极的地理情况、生存在北极的生命以及北极面临的危险冰川融化。【答案解析】【第1题】 细节理解题。根据第二段“while one-third is made up of land in eight countries, including Russia, Canada, and the US.”和第

35、四段“Thats the same population as the city of Taiyuan in Shanxi, China. ”可知，本文一共提及了俄罗斯、加拿大、美国和中国四个国家，并未提及日本。故选B。【第2题】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“In fact, the Arctic is home to more than 21,000 kinds of lives.”可知，北极是超过两万一千种动物的家，也就是说在北极生存的动物种类很多，所以它有很多“不同的”生命，C选项符合文意。故选C。【第3题】 细节理解题。根据第四段“They make a living by fishing

36、, hunting and so on.”可知，生活在北极的人主要以捕鱼和打猎等为生；“fishing”和“hunting”都符合题意。故选D。【第4题】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The polar bear (北极熊) is the most famous Arctic animal.”可知，北极熊是最著名的北极动物，A选项符合文意。故选A。【第5题】 主旨大意题。本文主要花大篇幅在写北极动物的种类和人在北极的生活以及他们以后可能都要面临的危险，总的来说这篇文章主要是关于生存在北极的生物的。故选C。 第4篇 Antarctica(南极洲) is known for being a vast

37、land of ice and snow, a place too cold for most life. Despite (尽管) this, the continent is slowly starting to turn warm. According to the Guardian, the Antarctic has registered (登记) a new high temperature for the first time on record, prompting fears of climate instability(不稳定性) in the worlds iciest

38、place.On Feb 9, Brazilian researchers at Seymour Island reported a temperature of 20.75 on the icy continent of Antarctica. It was almost a full degree higher than the previous record of 19.8, taken on Signy Island in January 1982.This record-breaking reading was taken at a monitoring (监测) station i

39、n the northern part of Antarctica. According to Brazilian soil scientist Carlos Schaefer, the temperature was documented during a 20-year-long research project. The focus of this project is to study the effect that climate change has on the permafrost (永久冻土) within the region. Permafrost is soil tha

40、t stays frozen for at least two years. Although this is a first record high for Antarctica, Schaefer stressed that “We cant use this to anticipate (预测) climatic changes in the future. Its simply a signal that something different is happening in that area.”But in fact, the last high temperature readi

41、ng was in the 19 range. These higher temperatures can cause ice and glaciers (冰川) in Antarctic regions to melt. The Antarctic peninsula (半岛) the long finger of land(狭长地带) that stretches towards Argentina（阿根廷）is most dramatically affected. Scientists saw glaciers that have retreated by more than 100

42、meters in Discovery Bay where the snow melted in little more than a week, leaving dark exposed rock. This melted ice leads to a rise in sea levels that can threaten the safety of coastal areas. Its believed to be behind an alarming decline of more than 50 percent in chinstrap penguin (帽带企鹅) colonies

43、, which are dependent on sea ice.Like American writer Ernest Hemingway once said, “The Earth is a fine place and worth fighting for.” We should do everything we can to help save our planet. Otherwise, it may become too hot for us to fix.1What did Brazilian researchers report on Feb 9?ASigny Island i

44、s the warmest region in the Antarctic.BAntarctica hit a record high temperature of 20.75. CThe average temperature of Antarctica ranges from 19.8 C to 20.75.DAntarcticas new record temperature is a full degree higher than the previous decade.2Whats the main purpose of the 20-year-long research proje

45、ct?ATo predict possible climatic change in the future.BTo monitor Antarcticas contributions to world climate change.CTo explain why the permafrost may cause glaciers to melt.DTo examine how the permafrost is influenced by climate change.3What does the underlined word “retreated” probably mean?AMoved

46、 backward.BIncreased in size.CCovered a certain areaDStretched in an opposite direction.4According to the text, the melted glacier may lead to_.Athe pollution of ocean waterBthe release of various virusesCthreats to penguin habitatsDdisappearances of coastal cities【答案】1-4BDAC【短文分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了南极洲的气候

47、受到影响，气温开始上升。科学家检测到了有史以来的最高温，同时也对冻土进行了研究观察。气温升高会导致冰川融化，造成海平面上升，危及一些企鹅的栖息地。作者呼吁大家阻止气候变暖。【答案解析】【第1题】细节理解题。根据“On Feb 9, Brazilian researchers at Seymour Island reported a temperature of 20.75 on the icy continent of Antarctica”，可知南极洲温度达到20.75摄氏度，故选B。【第2题】细节理解题。根据“The focus of this project is to study th

48、e effect that climate change has on the permafrost within the region”，可知这个研究项目的主要目的是研究气候变化在这片区域内对永久冻土的影响，故选D。【第3题】词义猜测题。划线词所在句句意为“科学家们在愉景湾看到冰川_了100多米，雪在不到一周的时间里融化，留下了黑色的裸露岩石”。根据句意，可推知此处冰川是“缩减、融化”了100米，才能露出下面的岩石，故选A。【第4题】细节理解题。根据“This melted ice leads to a rise in sea levels that can threaten the saf

49、ety of coastal areas. Its believed to be behind an alarming decline of more than 50 percent in chinstrap penguin colonies, which are dependent on sea ice”，可知融化的冰川可能威胁到企鹅的栖息地，故选C。 第5篇Some scientists say that the weather in the future wont be good. Summers will be hotter. Warmer, wetter winters are on

50、 the way. Terrible droughts (干旱), floods, wildfires, and storms may often happen.Whats the reason for all those wacky weather changes?Global warming causes (导致) some weather changes. Global warming happens when gases in the air take in the Suns energy. That energy heats the Earth. Without the gases,

51、 the energy would go into space. Some global warming is good. Without it, the Earth would be too cold to live on.For years, humans make lots of pollution. Pollution is one of the reasons for global warming. There are some signs (迹象) of global warming. One of the signs is happening in the coldest par

52、ts of the world. Near the North and South Poles, large ice sheets (冰原) are breaking up. Scientists think some may disappear by the year 2100. Because the ice melts, ocean levels rise. This might cause floods.In some areas, global warming might cause droughts. Droughts may cause wildfires.Scientists

53、say that cutting down air pollution will slow global warming. One way to lower air pollution is to drive less. People also need to find cleaner ways to make electricity.1What will the winter be like in the future according to the scientists?ACooler.BDrier.CWarmer.DColder.2What does the underlined wo

54、rd “wacky” mean?AStrange.BComfortable.CFamous.DImportant.3Which is NOT true about global warming?AIt can cause some weather changes.BIt is good for people sometimes.CIt can cause the ice to melt.DIt can be stopped if there is no air pollution on Earth.4What CANNOT help to slow down global warming ac

55、cording to the passage?ACutting down air pollution.BTrying to drive less.CBurning rubbish to make energy.DFinding cleaner ways to make electricity.5Whats the passage mainly about?ASome useful ways to stop air pollution.BWhy weather changes happen.CSome terrible disasters (灾难) on earth.DHow to protec

56、t the North and South Poles.【答案】1-5CADCB【短文分析】本文介绍了造成天气变化的原因。【答案解析】【第1题】细节理解题。根据“Warmer, wetter winters are on the way.”可知，根据科学家们的预测未来的冬天可能会更温暖、更湿润。故选C。【第2题】词义猜测题。根据“Terrible droughts (干旱), floods, wildfires, and storms may often happen.”可以推出这些天气都很奇怪。因此wacky在这里是“strange”的意思。故选A。【第3题】细节理解题。根据“Scienti

57、sts say that cutting down air pollution will slow global warming.”科学家说减少空气污染将减缓全球变暖，而不能使它停止。故选D。【第4题】推理判断题。根据“Scientists say that cutting down air pollution will slow global warming. One way to lower air pollution is to drive less. People also need to find cleaner ways to make electricity.”可以推出燃烧垃圾制

58、造能源不能帮助减缓全球变暖。故选C。【第5题】主旨大意题。根据“Whats the reason for all those wacky weather changes?”及下文的介绍可知，本文介绍了造成天气变化的原因。故选B。 第6篇The government of French Polynesia has signed an agreement with an American company called the Seasteading Institute. They are considering building the worlds first floating city. Fr

59、ench Polynesia is a collection of 100 islands in South Pacific Ocean which is controlled by France.The Seasteading Institute wants to build a mini-city on floating platforms (平台) close to the coast of one of the islands. It is being designed as an independent town that will probably use clean source

60、s of energy such as the sun and wind, and that will be non-polluting.The question of who will control the new city and whether it will be run according to the laws of French Polynesia is something that is still being discussed.Island nations like French Polynesia are in the greatest danger from glob

61、al warming. When sea levels rise owing to melting snow and ice, low-lying islands could go under water. Therefore, such floating cities may be the way out for island people.1Which of the following is TRUE about Polynesia?AIt is only an island.BIt includes many islands.CIt is being controlled by Engl

62、and.2Island nations are very dangerous because of _.Atheir areasBglobal warmingCtheir health3Whats the meaning of the underlined word “melting”?A溶解B升华C融化4Whats the best title of the passage?AThe worlds first floating cityBHow to build a floating cityCAn island nation【答案】1-4BBCA【短文分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，法属波利尼西

63、亚政府准备在波利尼西亚建立世界上第一个迷你漂浮城市。该想法付诸实施后客观上会降低该地区因气候变暖而导致被海水淹没的危险。【答案解析】【第1题】 细节理解题。根据“ French Polynesia is a collection of 100 islands in South Pacific Ocean which is controlled by France.”可知，法属波利尼西亚是南太平洋100个岛屿的集合，故选B。【第2题】细节理解题。根据“Island nations like French Polynesia are in the greatest danger from glob

64、al warming”可知，因为全球变暖，故选B。【第3题】 词义猜测题。根据“When sea levels rise owing to melting snow and ice, low-lying islands could go under water”可知，冰雪融化导致海平面上升，地势较低的岛屿可能会被淹没，所以melting表示“融化”，故选C。【第4题】最佳标题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了法属波利尼西亚政府准备在波利尼西亚建立世界上第一个迷你漂浮城市，A选项符合本文标题，故选A。二、阅读判断阅读下面短文，根据短文内容判句子正误。Scientists predict that m

65、ost of the polar bears will die out by 2100 because of global warming. Polar bear are found in the far north, inside the Arctic Circle. It is believed that there are about 25, 000 polar bears left. Polar bears spend most of their lives on the ice that covers the Arctic Ocean.Polar bears depend on ic

66、e to hunt. In winter, they eat as much as possible to store up energy. But these days theres less winter ice, meaning the bears have less area for hunting.Summers are the hardest time for polar bears with less ice to hunt on, they are forced to spend more time on land, where there isnt much food.To

67、help save polar bears, action is needed to reduce the influence of global warming.1Scientists predict that all of the polar bears will die out by 2100 because of global warming.2People believe that there are about 25, 000 polar bears left.3In order to store up energy, polar bears need to eat as much

68、 as possible in winter.4It is more difficult for polar bears to hunt food in winter than in summer.5We need to take actions to save polar bears.【答案】1-5FTTFT【短文分析】本文主要讲述因为全球气候变暖，北极熊可能会灭绝。【答案解析】【第1题】细节理解题。根据“Scientists predict that most of the polar bears will die out by 2100 because of global warming

69、.”可知，科学家预测，由于全球气候变暖，大多数北极熊将在2100年消失，而不是全部的北极熊会消失，此处表述有误。故答案为F。【第2题】细节理解题。根据“It is believed that there are about 25, 000 polar bears left.”可知，现在只剩下大约25000只北极熊，此处表述正确。故答案为T。【第3题】细节理解题。根据“In winter, they eat as much as possible to store up energy.”可知，为了储存能量，北极熊需要在冬天尽可能多地进食，此处表述正确。故答案为T。【第4题】推理判断题。根据“Bu

70、t these days theres less winter ice, meaning the bears have less area for hunting.”以及“Summers are the hardest time for polar bears with less ice to hunt on”可知，北极熊需要在有冰的地方捕猎，夏天冰层少所以很难捕猎，由此推测，对北极熊来说冬天比夏天更容易觅食，此处表述有误。故答案为F。【第5题】细节理解题。根据“To help save polar bears, action is needed to reduce the influence

71、 of global warming.”可知，我们需要采取行动拯救北极熊，此处表述正确。故答案为T。三、阅读回答问题阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。A big snow hit northern China in the first week of November. Many people put on heavy coats, scarves and gloves. But is our planet getting warmer? How can we still have such cold weather? In fact, global warming doesnt actu

72、ally mean we can eat ice cream all year. Instead, it may cause more extremely hot and cold days. If you are feeling really cold winds in streets, then youre feeling a result of this. But how does this happen? Lets take a look at two reasons.Experts say global warming changes the atmospheric circulat

73、ion(大气环流) of the Earth. A special climate pattern(气候模式) is showing up this winter. Its called La Nina. It is bringing more cold air to China. Thats why people in northern China had heavy snow in early November. Its getting really cold. La Nina means little girl in Spanish. During a La Nina event, th

74、e winds from the ocean get stronger. The waters there become cooler and the air gets cooler, too. This affects global climate. For example, in October, La Nina affected China. It is a weather pattern caused by strong winds above the Pacific Ocean. It brought more cold air to China.Another reason for

75、 the cold weather is the warming Arctic(北极). The Arctic is getting warmer faster than any other place on Earth. Because of global warming, the cold air there gets weak. And, lots of cold Arctic air then goes southward.Will this winter be much colder? The official forecast(预报) said a cold winter is l

76、ikely. Northern China will probably see more snow, and southern China less rainfall.1When did a big snow hit northern China?_2Why did a heavy snow hit northern China in November?_3What does La Nina mean in Spanish?_4Is the cold air there gets weak in Arctic?_5How many reasons behind global warming d

77、oes the writer talk about?_【答案】1In the first week of November.2Because La Nina brought more cold air to China.3Little girl./It means little girl.4Yes, it is./Yes.5Two./The writer talks about two reasons.【短文分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了关于全球变暖的两个原因。【答案解析】【第1题】根据原文“A big snow hit northern China in the first week o

78、f November”可知，11月的第一周，一场大雪袭击了中国北方。故填In the first week of November.【第2题】根据原文“Its called La Nina. It is bringing more cold air to China. Thats why people in northern China had heavy snow in early November”可知，因为拉尼娜给中国带来了更多的冷空气，所以中国北方在11月初下起了大雪。故填Because La Nina brought more cold air to China.【第3题】根据原文“

79、La Nina means little girl in Spanish”可知，拉尼娜在西班牙语里的意思是“小女孩”。故填Little girl./It means little girl.【第4题】根据原文“The Arctic is getting warmer faster than any other place on Earth. Because of global warming, the cold air there gets weak”可知，北极的变暖速度比地球上其他地方都快。由于全球气候变暖，那里的冷空气变弱了。故填Yes, it is./Yes.【第5题】根据原文“Lets

80、 take a look at two reasons”可知，作者谈到了全球变暖的两个原因。故填Two./The writer talks about two reasons.四、语法填空 No one can be sure what the weather is going to be like in the future, but many people think there are going to be some changes (变化).Scientists say that in many places its going to be much 1 (hot) and its

81、going to rain less. Some countries in Africa are going to become very dry all year, and its going to be almost 2 (possible) for people to find food and water. In Southern Europe and the United States, its going to be more difficult for 3 (plant) to grow. People there are also going to have problems

82、4 (find)food 5 the future.No one knows how much the temperature ( 气温) is going to go up, 6 scientists say that the change is going to be at least 2. They say that the ice in the Arctic (北极) is going to melt (融化) in the next years and a lot of the animals there are going to 7 (die). There is also goi

83、ng to be more water in 8 sea, so cities near the sea are going to disappear (消失).Another problem is that there are going to be more hurricanes and typhoons (飓风和台风). Scientists say they are going to 9(happen) all over the world, and many people are going to lose 10 (they) homes.【答案】1hotter2impossible

84、3plants4finding5in6but7die8the9happen10their【短文分析】这是一篇说明文。文章描述了因气候变化导致温度升高等一系列问题，严重影响了动物、植物和人类的生存环境，造成了非常严重的后果。【答案解析】【第1题】句意：在许多地方，天气将变得热更热，下雨更少。根据空前much的修饰，可知此处应使用hot的比较级形式。重读闭音节结尾且词末只有一个辅音字母，一般情况下需要双写词尾加er，故填hotter。【第2题】句意：对于人们来说，找到食物和水几乎是不可能的。根据前文“Some countries in Africa are going to become very

85、 dry all year”可知天气非常恶劣，生存条件变得更加糟糕，故填impossible。【第3题】句意：植物生长变得更加困难。可数名词单数在句中不能单独使用，需要变成复数表示一类事物，故填plants。【第4题】句意：未来，那里的人们在寻找食物方面也会有困难。have problems doing sth.是固定句型，故填finding。【第5题】句意：未来，那里的人们在寻找食物方面也会有困难。“在未来in the future”是固定短语。故填in。【第6题】句意：没有人知道气温要升高多少，但科学家认为这种变化至少是2。分析本句，发现空格前后是两个结构完整的句子，故空格处需要填写一个连

86、词，前文“No one knowsgo up”和后文“scientists say at least 2.”之间存在转折关系，故填but。【第7题】句意：北极的许多动物将会死去。结合上文“the ice in the Arctic (北极) is going to melt (融化) ”可知北极气温的变化导致北极动物的生存环境变恶劣，故动物们将会死去。“be going to”后需要添加动词原形，故填die。【第8题】句意：大海中将会有更多的水。“在大海里”正确表达为“in the sea”，故填the。【第9题】句意：科学家说这些将在全世界范围内发生。“be going to”后需要加动词原

87、形，故填happen。【第10题】句意：许多人将失去家园。此处需要用形容词性物主代词来修饰名词，故填their。五、短文首字母填空请根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。（每空一词）“The Arctic(北极) is dying,” researchers returning from the largest-ever Arctic expedition(远征) have warned.The program the scientists are w1 on is called MOSAiCMultidisciplinary drifting Observatory

88、for the Study of Arctic Climate(北极气候研究多学科漂流观测计划). Scientists from 20 countries, i2 China, spent a year in the Arctic from September 2019 to October 2020 to collect data(数据) about environment and climate change. They predict that if we k3 going as we are, the Arctic will have no ice during the summer

89、 within just a few decades.Global warming and the melting(融化) of sea ice are having a huge influence on Arctic life. For example, polar bears depend on sea ice to hunt seals. But when the sea ice melts, they are f4 onto land, where theres not enough food for them. Scientists say the number of polar

90、bears will d5 by two-thirds to less than 10,000 by 2050.A6 the days get warmer, theres more rain than snow in the Arctic. This hurts the millions of reindeer(驯鹿) and caribou(北美驯鹿) that eat moss(苔藓) , lichen(地衣) and grass. When rain falls, it locks there animals food in ice i7 of snow. Many of them s

91、tarve(挨饿) to death because they cant r8 the food under the ice.Such losses have destroyed the lives of indigenous(土著的) people who depend on reindeer and caribou for a l9. The Inuit(因纽特人) use very part of the caribousinew(筋) for thread, hide(皮毛) for clothing, and flesh(肉) for food. In Europe and Russ

92、ia, the Sami people raise thousands of reindeer. But as these animals are disappearing, their traditional way of living, which has existed for thousands of years, may be f10 only in memory in the future. What a pity it is!【答案】1(w)orking 2(i)ncluding 3(k)eep 4(f)orced 5(d)rop6(A)s 7(i)nstead 8(r)each

93、 9(l)iving 10(f)rozen【短文分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了全球变暖引发北极冰川融化而产生的一系列问题。【答案解析】【第1题】句意：科学家们正在进行的项目叫做MOSAiC北极气候研究多学科漂流观测计划。根据“The program the scientists are w.on is called MOSAiC”可知，此处是work on短语，意为“从事”，此处用于“be doing”结构中，构成现在进行时，故填(w)orking。【第2题】句意：2019年9月至2020年10月，包括中国在内的20个国家的科学家在北极花了一年时间收集有关环境和气候变化的数据。根据“Scien

94、tists from 20 countries, i.China”可知，此处表示“包括”，用介词including，故填(i)ncluding。【第3题】句意：他们预测，如果我们继续这样下去，在短短几十年内，北极将在夏季没有冰。根据“They predict that if we k.going as we are”可知，此处表示“如果气候变化仍然继续”，keep“继续”符合语境，故填(k)eep。【第4题】句意：但当海冰融化时，它们被迫上岸，那里没有足够的食物。根据“But when the sea ice melts, they are f.onto land”可知，此处是be force

95、d to do sth短语，意为“被迫做某事”，故填(f)orced。【第5题】句意：科学家表示，到2050年，北极熊的数量将减少三分之二，不到1万只。根据“Scientists say the number of polar bears will d.by two-thirds to less than 10,000 by 2050.”可知，北极熊的数量将减少三分之二，drop“降低”符合语境，故填(d)rop。【第6题】句意：随着天气变暖，北极的雨比雪多。根据“A.the days get warmer, theres more rain than snow in the Arctic.”

96、可知，此处表示“随着天气变暖”，as“随着”符合语境，句首需大写首字母，故填(A)s。【第7题】句意：当下雨时，它把动物的食物锁在冰里而不是雪里。根据“When rain falls, it locks there animals food in ice i.of snow.”可知，此处是instead of短语，意为“而不是”，故填(i)nstead。【第8题】句意：他们中的许多人饿死了，因为他们够不到冰下的食物。根据“Many of them starve(挨饿) to death because they cant r.the food under the ice.”可知，因为够不到冰下

97、的食物，所以饿死了，reach“够得到”符合语境，故填(r)each。【第9题】句意：这种损失摧毁了以驯鹿和北美驯鹿为生的土著人民的生活。根据“Such losses have destroyed the lives of indigenous(土著的) people who depend on reindeer and caribou for a l.”可知，此处是for a living短语，意为“为谋生”。故填(l)iving。【第10题】句意：但随着这些动物的消失，它们存在了数千年的传统生活方式可能只会在未来被冻结在记忆中。根据“which has existed for thousands of years, may be f.only in memory in the future”可知，此处表示“冻结在记忆中”，frozen“冻结的”作表语，故填(f)rozen。