Day 17 阅读理解之细节理解题-2022年暑假新高一【初高中衔接】必备英语知识抢先学(通用版).docx

1、2022年暑假新高一初高中衔接英语知识抢先学(通用版)英语能力篇阅读理解（细节理解类）细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。常见的命题方式通常有：1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT，近

2、年这种题型较少；3. 以According to 开头提问方式；4. 以填空题的形式，如：（1）To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised_. （2）By the first sentence of the passage author means that_.（3）It seems that now a countrys economy depends much on_.（4）If you are interested in knowing about what peoples life will be, you may vi

3、sit_. （5）The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that_ . （6）The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to_.5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法.先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快

4、速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句.仔细品味，对照比较.确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法.将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息

5、。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断。此类试题在高考中占大多数。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。1The world has seen m

6、any inventions. While most people are proud of those associate with their names, there are things making inventors feel the other way.The pop-up (弹出) advert, by Ethan ZuckermanPop-up ads are convenient for those who are interested, but most people get annoyed when they are on computers. They may con

7、tain computer viruses. Just as we would blame the inventor, the man humbly accepted his invention isnt one of the best. In his essay, Zuckerman wrote about the most hateful thing, “I wrote the code to launch the window and run an ad in it.”The emoticon, by Scott E. FahlmanEmoticons began to occupy s

8、creens crazily in 2011 and gained great popularity, especially with young men. It had been four years since Fahlman first used a “smiley face” in a computer message. He created the emoticon as a joke marker. But things are different. “It has gone to places I dont approve of,” he complained to The Wa

9、ll Street Journal in 2013. “It shouldnt have been created.”The office cubicle (隔间), by Bob PropstIn 1968, Bob Propst came up with the idea office cubicles, something that “would build a futuristic and tidy office style with no real walls or doors and provide a more comfortable environment”. But the

10、man has come to hate what he has invented, as Propst recalled to Fortune at age 80, “Theyve changed and just become cubicles”.The K-Cup, by John SylvanIt seems everyone has a Keurig coffee maker for K-Cups. John Sylvan invented the K-Cup, aimed at facilitating office life of white-collar workers. No

11、w its common in houses and companies. However, the single-serve plastic coffee cups arent eco-friendly. “I feel bad sometimes that I ever did it”, Sylvan admits. But! Good news for Mr. Sylvan: Keuring now offers varieties of recyclable K-Cups.1. When was the emoticon invented?A. In 2007.B. In 2009.C

12、. In 2011.D. In 2013.2. Which one was created for office workers convenience?A. The pop-up advert.B. The emoticon.C. The office cubicle.D. The K-Cup.3. What do the above inventions have in common?A. They benefit human life greatly.B. Their creators are blamed by the public.C. Their inventors feel re

13、gretful.D. They are very popular with young people.2No matter where you go around the globe, everybody loves to celebrate. And when it comes to celebration, festivals offer something for everyone.Mardi Gras （New Orleans, Louisiana）Also known as Fat Tuesday, Mardi Gras in New Orleans is a cultural ev

14、ent. Though the celebrationis held every year on the day before Ash Wednesday, the festivities last for months, banning in November throughout January and early February. And if you love music, check out the annual Galactic concert at the world-famous Tipitinas on Lundi Gras (the day before Mardi Gr

15、as).La Tomatina （Valencia, Spain）Launched way back in 1945, La Tomatina is one of the oldest festivals on our list. Its also easily the happiest but the messiest, coming off like the worlds biggest food fight.Legend has it that the whole thing started when some local boys joined a parade alongside m

16、usicians. The boys made the performers so angry that they tried hit the boys, and a vendors (小摊贩)vegetable stand fell victim to the incident.If you go, please follow some simple rules: Dont throw hard objects, squash the tomato before throwing it, stay a safe distance away from tomato trucks, and st

17、op in time.Montreux Jazz Festival （Switzerland）Founded back in 1967, Montreux is one of the oldest music festivals in the world. Its also the second largest jazz festival, after the Montreal International Jazz Festival. That Canadian concert may attract more visitors-around 2 million annually. But M

18、ontreux benefits from its pretty location on the attractive shores of Lake Geneva. The area is particularly beautiful in late June/early July, when the festival is held.4. When is Galactic concert held?A. On Mardi Gras.B. On Lundi Gras.C. On Montreux Jazz Festival.D. On La Tomatina.5. What do people

19、 do on La Tomatina?A. Punish naughty boys.B. Enjoy musicians performance.C. Throw tomatoes without hurting.D. Catch people who destroy tomatoes.6. Where can you read the passage probably?A. News report.B. Academic journal.C. Conceit brochure.D. Travel magazine.3You might have heard about how honey b

20、ees are doing poorly these days. Its different, though, from the situation many of the worlds vulnerable (脆弱的) animals find themselves in. We want them to live their lives and grow stronger, but are we willing to change our lifestyles to make it happen? The decrease in honey bees is a bit different,

21、 because if honey bees cant live well, neither can people and, eventually people wont eat as a result.As happened in 2017, U.S. beekeepers lost 40 percent of their bees because of a disease. Its really about the earnings of beekeepers and the reduced amount of bees. But it doesnt stop there. Honey b

22、ees go around doing pollination (授粉). And do you know what need to be pollinated? Thats our crops. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) estimates bees pollinate about $15 billion worth of apples and peaches each year in the United States alone.So, we 21st-century humans not only take n

23、otice, but also start trying to fix the problem. Its infeasible that we give every bee the treatment. We cant imagine how huge the task is and how hard we carry on it! The most promising immediate solution seems to prevent the disease. Thats where the bee vaccine (疫苗) comes.Scientists have long thou

24、ght immunizing (使免疫) bees will be unworkable, but a 2015 study discovered that bees transfer immunity to their babies through protein. Vaccinating a bee wont help that bee, but if you vaccinate the queen of bees, she can pass her immunity on to her later generations through her eggs.The new vaccine

25、will treat for American foulbrood (AFB), a serious disease that quickly destroys bees. Its in the testing phases and most likely headed for bee boxes near you. And dont worry, it doesnt require a tiny doctors chair and needle to deliver the vaccinethe queen bee can drink the medicine in a little sug

26、ar water and pass it along to her later generations.7. What does exactly the author intend to tell us through the 2017 beekeepers incident?A. The beekeepers lead a terrible life.B. The number of bees continues to decrease.C. The decline of bees affects the production of grain.D. The pollination work

27、 of bees is huge and complicated.8. What does the underlined word “infeasible” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. PracticalB. ImpossibleC. harmfulD. Convenient9. What does Paragraph 4 suggest?A. The bee vaccine is hard to develop.B. Bees will learn skills from the queen.C. Bees can transfer immunity to each oth

28、er.D. The bee vaccine can take effect in the long run.10. What can be inferred about the vaccine from the last paragraph?A. Its applied to all sick bees.B. It will be delivered to bees by skilled doctors.C. It works by allowing the queen of bees to take it.D. It has been put into use and makes many

29、bees survive.4Babies who frequently communicate with their caregivers using eye contact and vocalisations(发声)at the age of one are more likely to develop greater languages skills by the time they reach two,according to new research.In the study, researchers looked at 11- and 12-month-od babies vocal

30、isations. gestures and gaze behaviours ,and at how their caregivers responded to them.To measure he interactions ,the researchers videoed infants(婴儿)and caregiver at home,and asked them to play as usual.They took those recordings back to the universityThe scientists then used statistical models to f

31、ind that the best predictor of vocabulary at 24 months was when infants were seen to use vocalsatioms while looking at their caregivers face when they were about a year old.The benefits were even greater when these interactions were followed by responses from the caregiver.The statistics showed that

32、 at 19 months,children had an average of about 100 words.Those who exhibited the beneficial interactive behaviour earlier in life were seen to have an average of about 30 extra words.The message of this paper is that it is the result of a joint effort; noticing what your child is attending to and ta

33、lking to them about it will support their language development. said McGillion, a co-author of the work.The joy of this message is that that can happen in any context. across any part of your day.Its not something that requires special equipment or even lots of time.I can happen when youre doing the

34、 laundry,for examplewhen youre taking out the socks, you can talk about socks.in the park, in the car, at mealtimes,at bathtimes.This finding can be used in any context,added McGillion.This is a developmental snapshot in the first year of life, but children are constantly growing and changing and so

35、 are their behaviours. It would be interesting to look at these sorts of behaviours again as children progress through the second year of life to see whats happening there,said Donnellan,the lead author on the study.11. How did the researchers get the findings?A. By interacting with babies.B. By ask

36、ing babies to vocalize.C. By analyzing relevant recordings.D. By referring to the previous statistics.12. What does he underlined word itin Paragraph 5 mean?A. Infants eye contact.B. Infants larger vocabulary.C. The response from caregivers.D. The best predictor of vocabulary.13. What did McGilion s

37、ay about infants interactive behaviour?A. Is easy to perform.B. Its complex to understand.C. Its difficult to copy.D. Its interesting to video.14. What might further studies be on?A. Childrens academic progress.B. Childrens growing environment.C. Childrens potential physical development.D. Childrens

38、 behaviours across more age ranges.5For British people, the word karaoke caused foggy and unpleasant memories at the office Christmas party. The less-talent performers faced the karaoke machine instead of listeners. They totally enjoyed themselves and didnt care about what people thought even though

39、 it sounded like they tried singing their worst. Many people thought such singing was more like a stupid show. But recently the sing-along activity has been popular again. Karaoke nights have come out around the UK.Iain Irving, the founder of Supercube, a karaoke gathering place in Edinburgh, said t

40、he COVID-19 made karaoke totally different this time. What people used to think of karaoke had become the real past. Irving said, “It is almost like that a suffering man had to go through, about sadness and worry in front of his friends. But karaoke is supposed to be about relaxing oneself in music.

41、” According to Irving, Let It Go from Frozen is the most popular song in Supercube. And letting go is exactly what karaoke is all about. “When you sing, it does make you feel good,” said Irving.Its no surprise that karaoke finds its voice again. Singing is known to be bonding (粘合). However, how long

42、 has it been since you and your friends sat together to sing songs to your hearts content? Social media has almost replaced most peoples real social life. Rob Pursey, the founder of Hip Hop Karaoke, said, “Social media can separate us a bit, but karaoke differs. I think people are looking for and th

43、ey fall in love with those exciting feelings of getting together.”The COVID-19 has been going on for several months in the UK. Everyone is tired of the news on the Internet, so its nice for people to come out to sing their favorite songs to a cheering crowd. “With boring news ruling the headlines, w

44、e are all eager to escape, and karaoke provides it. You just feel like youre on a different planet for a couple of hours,” said Irving.15. What was the British peoples attitude to the karaoke activity in the past?A. PositiveB. NegativeC. UninterestedD. Doubtful16. According to Irving, whats the feat

45、ure of people singing karaoke under the influence of the COVID-19?A. They intend to release feelings through karaoke.B. They like to sing different kinds of pleasant songs.C. They expect to find strength in songs to fight the virus.D. They listen to others singing instead of singing together.17. Wha

46、t do Rob Purseys words in Paragraph3 suggest?A. Karaoke should include various games.B. Social media will cost people much time.C. Social media make communication more effective.D. Karaoke brings people the pleasure of close communication.18. What would be the best title for the text?A. Karaokes ret

47、urn to the UK.B. The benefits of singing karaoke.C. British peoples debate over karaoke.D. The development of karaoke in the UK.6A fresh and gentle wind on your face, soft sand under your feet and blue waters as far as the eye can see. Is there any other Olympic sport that is played in such pleasant

48、 conditions as beach volleyball?“Ive gone to a lot of beautiful places, and met a lot of beautiful people. That wouldnt have happened if I had been playing another sport, ” said Randy Stoklos, Americas most famous beach volleyball player.The sport began as a four-a-side game on beaches in Southern C

49、alifornia in the 1920s. The first recorded woman game took place there in 1930, and the first tournament was held in Los Angeles 18 years later. The winners were awarded a case of Pepsi. In the 1950s, women started playing and the sport soon spread to Europe and South America. Yet at that time, beac

50、h volleyball was more an entertainment show than a sport, with beauty contests included. The Association of Volleyball Professionals was founded in 1983 and beach volleyball developed into a fast, athletic sport. Its worldwide popularity won beach volleyball a place at the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta,

51、where 24 male teams and 16 female teams took part. At present, the US and Brazil are the best in the world at beach volleyball.The game came to China in the early 1990s and there have been national tournaments since 1994. It became an official event at the Eighth National Games in 1997.Chinas You We

52、nhui and Wang Lu finished ninth in the womens beach volleyball world championships in Brazil.19. The passage is mainly about_.A. the history of beach volleyballB. how to play beach volleyballC. the importance of beach volleyballD. womens beach volleyball in China20. According to the passage, which o

53、f the following statements is TRUE? A. Beach volleyball was first played like other Olympic sports.B. Beach volleyball began on beaches in Southern California.C. Beach volleyball has always been an entertainment show rather than a sport.D. Women started playing beach volleyball in South American 194

54、5.21. According to the passage, we can learn that_.A. in 1996, beach volleyball became an official event in ChinaB. Chinas beach volleyball team is the best in the worldC. Chinas beach volleyball players won the first place in BrazilD. beach volleyball came to China in the early 1990s7Imagine drivin

55、g down a country road past a huge, open field where goats are eating grass. Suddenly a truck breaks down and makes a loud noise. Just as suddenly, the goats fall to the ground.A few moments pass. The goats are back on their feet. What just happened? Well, the goats were very frightened and dropped t

56、o the ground, but not all goats act like this. There is only one kind of goat that behaves this way when it is surprised. It is called a Tennessee Fainting Goat.In the 1800s, a farmer arrived in Marshall County, Tennessee, with a few goats and a cow. People say hecame from Nova Scotia, Canada. Since

57、 the man did not talk much, no one knew where he got these goats. When he left, he took the cow, but he sold the goats.The behavior of one of the goats was different from most others. Being frightened caused the goats body to go stiff and sometimes fall over. No one had seen goats do this before. Th

58、ey began to call this new goat a Tennessee Fainting Goat.This special kind of goat does not actually faint. They just look like they do. The fainting goats stay awake. The baby goats, however, usually do fall over, but the good thing is that they do not have far to fall. Some older ones learn to sta

59、nd near something like a fence or a tree, just in case they are frightened.Now there are about three thousand fainting goats in the United States. People enjoy raising them, because goats of this kind are gentle, smart, and playful. They just get scared stiff now and then. The moment of stiffness on

60、ly lasts about ten or fifteen seconds. Then the goats walk and act like any other goat.22. What happens to the goats that fall to the ground a few moments later?A. They fall asleep.B. They eat much more.C. They stand up again.D. They are taken away by the truck.23. Which of the following would most

61、likely cause a fainting goat to fall?A. Green fields.B. A light wind.C. Loud thunder.D. Pleasant smells.24. What do we know about the fainting goats?A. No one likes to raise them.B. Not all of them really fall over.C. Their stiffness lasts a long time.D. Not all of them stay awake when they faint.25

62、. This text is about an animal that_.A. likes eating outsideB. sleeps during the dayC. comes from CanadaD. acts in a strange way8Your best friend that follows you around when the sun comes out - your shadow - doesnt serve an important function like your heart or brain, but what if you could use shad

63、ows to create electricity? When using solar panels (电池板) that are powered by light, shadows can be boring because it means electricity cant be created. However, researchers from the National University of Singapore have engineered a way to create power from the shadows present everywhere.A team of t

64、he university created a machine that can collect energy from shadows. It is created by placing a thin coating of gold onto silicon (硅). Like in a normal solar panel, when put in light, the silicon electrons (电子) become energized and the energized electrons then jump from the silicon to the gold. The

65、 voltage (电压) of the part of the machine that is placed in the light increases relative to the dark part and the electrons in the machine flow from high to low voltage. They are sent through an external circuit (外电路) creating a current that can be used to power another machine. The greater the contr

66、ast between light and dark, more energy is provided by the machine.The team is working on improving the performance of the machine, borrowing approaches from solar panels to gather light. Increasing the amount of light the machines can receive allows them to better make use of shadows, as well as de

67、veloping shadow energy collecting panels that can successfully gather from indoor lighting. The team is also researching the use of other materials other than gold to drop the price of the machine, meaning they would be more cost effective and easier to apply in society.Shadows are present everywher

68、e and perhaps one day in the future we will be able to collect energy from them by placing the shadow-effect energy machine around the world in places that have been considered unfit for solar panels to work, or indoors. “A lot of people think that shadows are useless,” Tan says, but “anything can b

69、e useful, even shadows.”26. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?A. Your best friend always stays with you after the sunrise.B. The shadow has the same function as the heart and brain.C. Shadows can stop solar panels from creating electricity.D. Researchers have found a way to create power from shadows.

70、27. What is the key working principle of the machine mentioned in the text?A. The silicon produces electricity when it is in the light.B. The gold produces power with the help of the silicon.C. The energized electrons flow from high to low voltage.D. An external circuit creates current using another

71、 machine.28. How does the team improve the performance of the machine?A. Using solar panels in the machine.B. Increasing the amount of light received.C. Developing light energy collecting panels.D. Bringing down the price of gold.29. Which of the following is the best place to apply the machine?A. A

72、 gym.B. A park.C. A farm.D. A playground.参考答案1【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了几种让人反感的发明。1. 细节理解题。由文章第三段“Emoticons began to occupy screens crazily in 2011 and gained great popularity, especially with young men. It had been four years since Fahlman first used a “smiley face” in a computer message.（表情符号在2011年开始疯狂占

73、据屏幕，并获得了极大的人气，尤其是在年轻男性中。法尔曼第一次在电脑信息中使用“笑脸”已经过去四年了）”可知，表情符号开始占据屏幕是2011年，而法尔曼第一次在电脑信息中使用“笑脸”已经过去四年了，由此可以推出第一次出现表情符应是2007年的时候。故选A项。2. 细节理解题。由文章最后一段“It seems everyone has a Keurig coffee maker for K-Cups. John Sylvan invented the K-Cup, aimed at facilitating office life of white-collar workers.（似乎每个人都有一

74、个K-Cup的Keurig咖啡机。 约翰塞尔万发明了K-Cup，旨在方便白领的办公室生活）”可知，K-Cup是为了方便白领的办公生活而发明的。故选D项。3. 推理判断题。由文章第二段“Just as we would blame the inventor, the man humbly accepted his invention isnt one of the best.（就像我们会责备发明者一样，这个人谦卑地接受了他的发明不是最好的）”，第二段“It shouldnt have been created.（它不应该被创造）”，第三段“But the man has come to hate

75、 what he has invented（但是这个人已经开始憎恨他所发明的东西 ）”，以及第四段“I feel bad sometimes that I ever did it（有时我为自己做过的事感到内疚）”可知，这四个发明的共同点是发明者都感到后悔。故选C项。2【答案与解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界上几个地方的节日庆祝方式。4. 细节理解题。根据“Mardi Gras （New Orleans, Louisiana）”部分最后一句“And if you love music, check out the annual Galactic concert at the world-fa

76、mous Tipitinas on Lundi Gras (the day before Mardi Gras).”（如果你喜欢音乐，可以去世界著名的Tipitina的Lundi Gras（狂欢节的前一天）观看一年一度的银河音乐会）可知，银河音乐会在Lundi Gras那天举行。故选B。5. 细节理解题。根据“La Tomatina （Valencia, Spain）”部分第三段中的“Dont throw hard objects, squash the tomato before throwing it, stay a safe distance away from tomato truck

77、s, and stop in time.”（不要扔硬物，在扔西红柿之前要把西红柿压扁，与运西红柿的卡车保持安全距离，并及时停车。）可知，在La Tomatina上人们扔西红柿时不能造成伤害。故选C。6. 推理判断题。根据第一段“No matter where you go around the globe, everybody loves to celebrate. And when it comes to celebration, festivals offer something for everyone.”（无论你走到世界的哪个角落，每个人都喜欢庆祝。说到庆祝，节日对每个人都有好处。）可

78、知，文章是介绍了世界几个地方的节日庆祝，所以它可能来自一本旅游杂志。故选D。3【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蜜蜂是一种脆弱的动物，蜜蜂数量的减少对人类也有巨大影响。我们需要采取一些措施去帮助蜜蜂，比如研究疫苗，而这种疫苗是通过“注射”给蜂后而发挥作用的。7. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“As happened in 2017, U.S. beekeepers lost 40 percent of their bees because of a disease.(与2017年一样，美国养蜂人因为一种疾病失去了40%的蜜蜂。)”提及了2017年养蜂人失去蜜蜂的事件，同时通过“Bu

79、t it doesnt stop there.(但这还不止于此。)”逐渐过度到“失去蜜蜂事件”导致的最终结果“And do you know what need to be pollinated? Thats our crops.(你知道什么需要授粉吗?是我们的作物。)”可知，蜜蜂授粉对于农作物有着重要作用。由此可推知，失去蜜蜂会对农作物在授粉方面有影响，从而影响农作物的产量。由此可知，选项C“The decline of bees affects the production of grain.(蜜蜂数量的减少影响了谷物的产量。)”是作者打算通过2017年的养蜂人事件来告诉我们的。故选C项。

80、8. 词义猜测题。通过阅读该段内容可知，后文“We cant imagine how huge the task is and how hard we carry on it!( 我们无法想象这项任务有多么艰巨，我们进行得有多么艰难!)”是对划线单词所在句“Its infeasible that we give every bee the treatment.”的进一步解释，后文表达了治疗每一只蜜蜂任务的艰巨性和艰难，由此可知，该任务是“不可能”完成的任务。由此可推知，划线单词“infeasible”应是“不可能”含义，与选项B“Impossible(不可能)”含义一致。故选B项。9. 推理判

81、断题。根据文章第四段内容可知，but句“but a 2015 study discovered that bees transfer immunity to their babies through protein(但是2015年的一项研究发现，蜜蜂通过蛋白质将免疫力传递给它们的宝宝)”由此可知，该段主要讲述了蜜蜂疫苗可以通过蜂后的繁衍能力将对该蜜蜂疾病的免疫力“遗传”给后代，即，一旦蜂后打了疫苗，蜜蜂的后代就会受益于该疫苗，就可以长期有效。故选D项。10. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段内容“the queen bee can drink the medicine in a little su

82、gar water and pass it along to her later generations.(蜂后可以在一点糖水中喝下药物，并将其传给后代。)”可知，该疫苗的接种方式是通过让蜂后喝下含有药物（疫苗）的糖水传给后代。故选C项。4【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要研究了婴儿的语言技能与护理者之间的互动的关系，得出的结论是：和孩子的眼神以及语言交流越多，孩子的语言能力就越好。11. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中句子“Babies who frequently communicate with their caregivers using eye contact and vocali

83、sations(发声)at the age of on are more likely to develop greater languages skills by the time they reach two,according to new research.”（一项新的研究表明，婴儿在一岁的时候经常笑并与他们的照顾者使用目光接触和交流发声更有可能使他们在两岁的时候产生更大的语言技能。）可知，研究人员通过一项新的研究研究出了和孩子的眼神以及语言交流越多，孩子的语言能力就越好。故选C项。12. 词义猜测题。根据文章第四段最后一句“Those who exhibited the benefi

84、cial interactive behaviour earlier in life were seen to have an average of about 30 extra words.”（那些更早展示有益的互动行为的婴儿获得了更多的词汇量。）和第五段中句子“The message of this paper is that it is the result of a joint effort”（它是一个共同努力的结果。）可知，这里的“它”指代的是前文婴儿更大的词汇量。故选B项。13. 推理判断题。根据文章第六段第一句“The joy of this message is that th

85、at can happen in any context. across any part of your day.Its not something that requires special equipment or even lots of time.I can happen when youre doing the laundry,for examplewhen youre taking out the socks, you can talk about socks.in the park, in the car, at mealtimes,at bathtimes.”（ MG说, 这

86、种信息的交流可以在一天中的任何时刻发生, 无论是在洗衣房, 还是在公园, 在车里, 在吃饭的时候, 在洗澡的时候）可推测，这种互动的表现是很容易去执行的。因此选A项。14. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第二句“It would be interesting to look at these sorts of behaviours again as children progress through the second year of life to see whats happening there”（当孩子们在第二年的成长过程中再次观察这些行为，看看那里发生了什么，这将是一件很有趣的事情。

87、”） 可知，进一步的研究应该是去研究儿童在更多年龄段的行为。故选D项。5【答案与解析】本文是说明文。对英国人来说，卡拉ok这个词在办公室圣诞派对上留下了模糊和不愉快的回忆。许多人认为这样的演唱更像是一场愚蠢的表演。但最近，卡拉ok之夜又开始流行起来。15. 推理判断题。根据第一段“For British people, the word karaoke caused foggy and unpleasant memories at the office Christmas party. ”(对英国人来说，卡拉ok这个词在办公室圣诞派对上留下了模糊和不愉快的回忆。)可知，英国人以前对卡拉ok持有

88、消极态度。故选B。16. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Iain Irving, the founder of Supercube, a karaoke gathering place in Edinburgh, said the COVID-19 made karaoke totally different this time. What people used to think of karaoke had become the real past. Irving said, “It is almost likethat a suffering man had to go through, ab

89、out sadness and worry in front of his friends. But karaoke is supposed to be about relaxing oneself in music.” According to Irving, Let It Go from Frozen is the most popular song in Supercube. Andletting go is exactly what karaoke is all about. “When you sing, it does make you feel good,” said Irvin

90、g.”（爱丁堡卡拉ok聚会场所Supercube的创始人伊恩欧文(Iain Irving)表示，新冠肺炎让这次的卡拉ok完全不同。人们过去对卡拉ok的看法已经成为过去。欧文说:“这就像一个受苦的人必须在他的朋友面前经历悲伤和担心。但卡拉ok本应该是让人在音乐中放松的。”根据欧文的说法，LetIt Go是Supercube中最受欢迎的歌曲。而宣泄感情正是卡拉ok的真谛。“当你唱歌时，它确实让你感觉很好，”欧文说。）可知，在新冠影响下，人们唱卡拉ok是为了宣泄感情。故选A。17. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Rob Pursey, the founder of Hip Hop Karaoke, sai

91、d, Social media can separate us a bit, but karaoke differs. I think people are looking for and they fall in love with those exciting feelings of getting together.”（嘻哈卡拉ok的创始人罗布珀西(Rob Pursey)说，“社交媒体让我们有点分离，但卡拉ok不同。”我认为人们正在寻找并爱上那些令人兴奋的聚在一起的感觉。”）可知，卡拉ok给人们带来了亲密交流的乐趣。故选D。18. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“But recently the

92、 sing-along activity has been popular again. Karaoke nights have come out around the UK.”（但最近，合唱活动又开始流行起来。卡拉ok之夜已经在英国各地出现了。）可知，本文重点讲解了卡拉ok重新风靡英国。“卡拉ok重返英国”这个标题最恰当。故选A。6【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了沙滩排球这项运动的起源、发展和在中国的发展情况。19. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The sport began as a four-a-side game on beaches in Southern Californi

93、a in the 1920s. The first recorded woman game took place there in 1930, and the first tournament was held in Los Angeles 18 years later. The winners were awarded a case of Pepsi. In the 1950s, women started playing and the sport soon spread to Europe and South America. Yet at that time, beach volley

94、ball was more an entertainment show than a sport, with beauty contests included. The Association of Volleyball Professionals was founded in 1983 and beach volleyball developed into a fast, athletic sport. Its worldwide popularity won beach volleyball a place at the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, where 24

95、 male teams and 16 female teams took part. At present, the US and Brazil are the best in the world at beach volleyball.”(这项运动起源于20世纪20年代南加州海滩上的一项四人比赛。 有记载的第一场女子比赛于1930年在那里举行，18年后的第一次锦标赛在洛杉矶举行。 获胜者将获得一箱百事可乐。 20世纪50年代，女性开始参与这项运动，这项运动很快就传到了欧洲和南美。 但在当时，沙滩排球更多的是一种娱乐节目，而不是一项体育运动，还包括选美比赛。 排球职业协会成立于1983年，沙滩

96、排球发展成为一项快速的竞技运动。 1996年亚特兰大奥运会上，24支男队和16支女队参加了沙滩排球比赛。 目前，美国和巴西是世界上最好的沙滩排球国家)”结合文章主要介绍了沙滩排球这项运动的起源、发展和在中国的发展情况。可知，这篇文章主要是关于沙滩排球的历史。故选A。20. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The sport began as a four-a-side game on beaches in Southern California in the 1920s.(这项运动起源于20世纪20年代南加州海滩上的一项四人比赛)”可知，B选项“沙滩排球始于南加州的海滩”正确。故选B。21. 细节理

97、解题。根据最后一段中“The game came to China in the early 1990s and there have been national tournaments since 1994.(这项运动是在上世纪90年代初来到中国的，自1994年以来已经有了全国性的锦标赛)”可知，沙滩排球在90年代初来到中国。故选D。7【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名为田纳西晕倒山羊的动物，它们在受惊时会晕倒在地，几分钟后悔再次站起来，文章还介绍了这种动物的来源和一些习性等情况。22. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Just as suddenly, the goats fal

98、l to the ground.(同样突然，山羊倒在了地上)”以及第二段中“A few moments pass. The goats are back on their feet.(几分钟过去了。山羊重新站起来了)”可知，几分钟后倒在地上的山羊会再次站起来。故选C。23. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Suddenly a truck breaks down and makes a loud noise. Just as suddenly, the goats fall to the ground. (突然，一辆卡车抛锚了，发出一声巨响。 同样突然，山羊倒在了地上)”以及第二段中“There i

99、s only one kind of goat that behaves this way when it is surprised.(只有一种山羊会在受惊时表现出这种行为)”可推知，响亮的雷声最可能导致晕倒山羊晕倒。故选C。24. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Well, the goats were very frightened and dropped to the ground, but not all goats act like this. (山羊被吓坏了，倒在地上，但并不是所有的山羊都是这样的)”以及倒数第二段中“The baby goats, however, usually do

100、 fall over, but the good thing is that they do not have far to fall. Some older ones learn to stand near something like a fence or a tree, just in case they are frightened.(然而，小山羊通常会摔倒，但好的是它们不会摔得太远。一些年长的山羊学会站在篱笆或树之类的东西附近，以防它们害怕)”可知，并不是所有的晕倒山羊都会倒下。故选B。25. 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Well, the goats were very fright

101、ened and dropped to the ground, but not all goats act like this. There is only one kind of goat that behaves this way when it is surprised. It is called a Tennessee Fainting Goat.(山羊被吓坏了，倒在了地上，但并不是所有的山羊都是这样的。只有一种山羊会在受惊时表现出这种行为。它叫田纳西晕倒山羊)”结合文章主要介绍了一种名为田纳西晕倒山羊的动物，它们在受惊时会晕倒在地，几分钟后悔再次站起来，文章还介绍了这种动物的来源和一

102、些习性等情况。由此可知，这篇文章是关于一种行为古怪的动物的。故选D。8【答案与解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了研究人员设计出的从阴影中收集能量的办法。26. 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“However, researchers from the National University of Singapore have engineered a way to create power from the shadows present everywhere.(然而，来自新加坡国立大学的研究人员已经设计出了一种从世界各地的阴影中创造力量的方法)”可知，第一段讲述研究人员已经找到了一种从阴影中创造力量的

103、方法。故选D。27. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Like in a normal solar panel, when put in light, the silicon electrons (电子) become energized and the energized electrons then jump from the silicon to the gold. The voltage (电压) of the part of the machine that is placed in the light increases relative to the dark part and the

104、 electrons in the machine flow from high to low voltage. They are sent through an external circuit (外电路) creating a current that can be used to power another machine. The greater the contrast between light and dark, more energy is provided by the machine.(就像在普通的太阳能电池板中一样，当放入光中时，硅电子变成能量，有能量的电子然后从硅跳到黄

105、金。机器放置在光中的部分的电压相对于暗部分增加，机器中的电子从高压流动到低压。它们通过外部电路发送，产生一种可用于为另一台机器供电的电流。明暗之间的对比度越大，机器提供的能量就越多)”可知，机器工作原理的关键是带电的电子从高压流到低压。故选C。28. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The team is working on improving the performance of the machine, borrowing approaches from solar panels to gather light. Increasing the amount of light the machi

106、nes can receive allows them to better make use of shadows, as well as developing shadow energy collecting panels that can successfully gather from indoor lighting.(该团队正在努力提高机器的性能，利用太阳能电池板的方法来收集光线。增加机器可以接收到的光线的数量，使它们能够更好地利用阴影，以及开发可以从室内照明中成功收集到的阴影能量的收集面板)”可知，这个团队通过增加接收到的光的数量提高机器的性能。故选B。29. 推理判断题。根据最后一

107、段的“Shadows are present everywhere and perhaps one day in the future we will be able to collect energy from them by placing the shadow-effect energy machine around the world in places that have been considered unfit for solar panels to work, or indoors.(阴影无处不在，也许将来有一天，我们可以通过将阴影效应能量机器放置在世界各地被认为不适合太阳能电池板工作或在室内工作的地方，从它们那里收集能量)”可知，使用这种机器的最好的地方是不适合太阳能电池板工作的地方或者室内，因此推断体育馆是最好的地方，其它三个地方都是室外。故选A。