Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained语言点（二）知识梳理.docx

1、Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained语言点（二）目标认知重点词汇provide，lately，award，similar，strength，重点短语dream of doing sth，carry out，separate from，pick up，take off，dozens of，make ones way，one day重点句型sb. /sth. be said.(Its said that.)知识讲解重点词汇provide 【原句回放】In outer space astronauts cannot take off their spacesuits，whi

2、ch protect them and provide oxygen在外太空，字航员们不能脱下宇航服，因为宇航服可以保护他们并给他们提供氧气。(P7)【点拨】provide vt. 提供，供给常用结构provide sb. with sth. 提供某人某物provide sth. for sb. 提供某人某物如：The school provides the students with foodThe school provides food for the students学校提供学生食物。归纳拓展provided和providing可作连词，意为“假若，倘若”，其后可接that引导的条件状

3、语从句。如：Provided/Providing that I pass the exam，Ill be given the position假如我通过了考试，我就能得到这个职位了。易混辨析offer，supply和provide的区别offer用作动词的时候，可以接双宾语，如：offer sb. sth. (offer sth. to sb.)“提供某人某物”；还可以接动词不定式，如：offer to do sth. “主动提出做某事”。supply的结构有supply sb. /sth. with sth. 和supply sth. to sb. /sth. provide的结构有prov

4、ide sbwith sth和provide sth. for sb. 注意它们与介词的搭配。lately【原句回放】I havent heard much from you lately我最近没怎么收到你的信。(P11)【点拨】 lately adv. 最近，近来如：What have you been doing lately?你最近在忙什么?易混辨析late，later，lately，latest，latterlate adj. 迟的，晚的，晚期的；adv. 晚，迟，最近later adv. 之后；常用结构：later on后来，sooner or later迟早lately adv.

5、“最近，近来”，相当于recentlylatest adj. 最新的，最近的；adv. late的最高级；常用结构：at the latest最晚，最迟latter adj. (两个人或者物的)后者的；常用结构：the former.，the latter.如：The train was ten minutes late火车晚了10分钟。He arrived in London on Monday，and two days later he left for New York他星期一到达伦敦，2天后他出发去纽约。He has been writing a novel lately他近来在写一部

6、小说。Have you heard the latest news?你听说最新的消息了吗?Tom and Jack are brothers；the former is a doctor，the latter is a teacher汤姆和杰克是兄弟俩，前者是一个医生，后者是一个老师。award【原句回放】We could offer awards to the winning team and the most enthusiastic players我们可以颁发奖项给获胜的队伍和最热情的运动员们。(P17)【点拨】 award n. 奖，奖品，奖金；vt. 授予，奖励如：He won th

7、e award of 10，000 yuan他得了1万元的奖金。He was awarded for his bravery他因勇敢而受到了嘉奖。常用结构award sbsth授予某人某物award sth. to sb. 授予某物给某人be awarded for sth因而获奖如：They awarded him the prizeThey awarded the prize to him他们颁奖给他。He was awarded for saving the drowning girl他因挽救那个溺水的女孩而受到嘉奖。易混辨析reward和award的区别award n. C奖，奖品(同

8、prize)；奖金(同scholarship，bonus)；vt. 授予，奖励(同grant)。reward n. 报酬，报答，奖赏，报偿，赏金；vt酬谢，报答，奖赏。常用结构：reward sb. with money for(doing) sth. 为(做)某事而用钱来酬谢某人。如：He won the second award/prize他获得了二等奖。She was awarded the first prize她被授予一等奖。Winners will be rewarded a trip to England获胜者将获得去英格兰旅游的奖赏。similar【原句回放】He report

9、ed that they looked like the tracks of a similar creature，called Bigfoot，which some people believe lives in the forests of the north-west of the USA他报告说，它们看起来像是一种叫做北美野人的类似动物的脚印，一些人认为北美野人生活在美国西北部的森林里。(P18)【点拨】 similar adj. 相似的，类似的常用结构be similar to sb. /sth. 与某人/某物相似be similar in sth. 在方面相似如：My teachi

10、ng style is similar to that of most other teachers我的教学风格和其他多数教师相似。The twin sisters are similar in appearance这对双胞胎姐妹在外貌上相似。易混辨析similar，like，alike的区别similar指有明显的共同性质但不完全一致，可作定语；作表语时，常构成短语be similar to/be similar in。like指事物在外观、性质或者特征上相似以致区别不开，但并非同一事物，常用作定语。alike和like意思差别不大，但alike只能作表语。如：A similar mista

11、ke occurs at the end of the paragraph这段末尾有个类似的错误。Like thinking produces like ideas相似的思维产生相似的主张。He and his brother are very alike他们兄弟俩太像了。温馨提示 (1)注意几个同义词组的介词搭配be similar to与相似the same as与一样in common with和有共同点 (2)be popular with，be familiar with和be similar to的区别be popular with受欢迎be familiar with对熟悉be

12、similar to与相似strength【原句回放】In one case，a group of engineers ran after the creature，which moved with amazing speed and strength其中一个报道说，当一队工程师追赶这种动物时，它却以惊人的速度和体力奔跑起来。(P18)【点拨】 strength n. 力量，力气如：I have hardly enough strength left to move my feet我几乎连移动双脚的力气都没有了。归纳拓展strong adj. 强大的；strengthen v. 加强常用结构b

13、uild up ones strength增强体质，增强实力at/in full strength 满员，全体on the strength of依赖，凭借如：We should do morning exercises to build up our strength我们应该做早操来增强我们的体质。The staff of the school is at full strength现在学校的编制已经满了。I bought the book on the strength of his advice由于他的建议我买了这本书。易混辨析strength，energy，power和force的区别

14、 (1)strength指的是固有的潜力，指人的“力气”，或指物的“强度”。 (2)energy主要指人的“精力”或者物的“能量”。 (3)power指做一件事所依靠的“能力，动力”，也可指人或者机器等事物潜在的或者所发挥出来的“力量”，还可以指“职权，权力”。 (4)force主要指“自然界的力量，暴力，势力或者法律、道德、感情的力量，军事力量”。如：A washing machine is a saver of time and strength洗衣机是一种省时又省力的机器。Young people usually have more energy than the old年轻人通常比老年

15、人有精力。Knowledge is power知识就是力量。He is worried about the evil forces他担心这些邪恶的势力。重点短语dream of doing sth【原句回放】I guess some of you are dreaming of becoming an astronaut and travelling to space to carry out scientific research我想你们当中有些人正梦想成为名字航员。到太空去进行科学研究。(P7)【点拨】dream of doing sth梦想做某事，渴望做某事如：My son is alw

16、ays dreaming of being a writer in the future我的儿子总是梦想将来当一名作家。归纳拓展dream of后面通常是由名词、代词或者动名词充当宾语。dream of(doing)sthdream about(doing)sth如：All the people are dreaming of a world of peace所有人都梦想有一个和平的世界。思维拓展dream既可以用作不及物动词，也可以用作及物动词。作及物动词时，常用dream a.dream“做一个梦”或dream sth. up“虚构出某事/某物，凭空想出某事/某事”。如：He dreame

17、d a sweet dream他做了一个甜甜的梦。How did you dream up that idea?你怎么想出的那个主意?carry out【原句回放】I guess some of you are dreaming of becoming an astronaut and travelling to space to carry out scientific research我想你们当中有些人正梦想成为名字航员。到太空去进行科学研究。(P7)【点拨】carry out“履行，执行，实现”，后面的宾语为plan，order，duty，promise，experiment或polic

18、y等。如：It is hard to carry out this plan这个计划很难执行。He wont carry out the promise他不会履行这个诺言。She carried out a career for herself她为自己创立了一番事业。Being able to carry out a good interview is usually a vital part of work and career progression能够成功地进行面试往往是工作机会和晋升发展的关键。常用结构其他关于carry的常用短语carry on坚持，继续开展carry off拿走，夺

19、走，搬走carry forward推进，发扬carry away搬走，使激动如：I must be strong and carry on我必须坚强地活下去。Cancer of the liver carried him off last year去年肝癌夺走了他的生命。Several houses in the village were carried away when the river was in flood河水泛滥时，村里的几座房屋被冲走了。separate from【原句回放】At a certain distance from the Earth，the rockets sep

20、arated from the space shuttle and fell into the sea在距地球一定距离的地方。火箭和航天飞机分开，然后落入大海。(P7)【点拨】 separate from与分开如：South America seperated from Africa 200 million years ago2亿年前南美洲和非洲分离。归纳拓展separate.from 使和分离，把和分开如：A fence separates the garden from the sidewalk栅栏分开了花园和人行道。The patient should be separated from

21、 the others应该将这个病人与他人隔离。易混辨析separate(.)from和divide.into的区别 (1)separate(.)from 往往指把原来混合在一起的东西分开或者隔离。 (2)divide.into着重是指把一个整体分成若干部分。如：England is separated from France by the English Channel英吉利海峡将英国和法国分开。This book is divided into 3 parts这本书被分为三部分。pick up【原句回放】Then a tracking ship picked them up然后由一艘跟踪船

22、将它们收回。(P7)【点拨】 pick up(从海里或者危险处)营救，搭救；偶然听到，学会；用车接(某人)；收拾，整理；接收(信号、声音、图像等)；恢复健康，恢复活力；改善，好转等。如：He picked up some Japanese while he worked in Japan他在日本工作时偶然学会了一点日语。Ill pick you up at the gate tomorrow morning明天早上我开车去大门口接你。Youd better pick up things in your room你最好把房间里的东西整理一下。常用结构关于pick的常用短语pick out挑选出，

23、认出，辨别出pick off去除，摘下pick over用心挑选，筛选pick at挑剔如：I have picked out the bad tomatoes from the basket我已把篮子里的坏西红柿拣出来了。It took him quite some time to pick off the burs that had stuck to his coat他花了好长时间才把粘在衣服上的刺摘掉。They picked the pears over and threw out the bad ones他们精心挑选梨子，然后把坏的扔掉。Why are you always picki

24、ng at his work?你为什么总是挑剔他的工作?take off【原句回放】In outer space astronauts cannot take off their spacesuits，which protect them and provide oxygen在外太空，字航员们不能脱下宇航服，因为宇航服可以保护他们并给他们提供氧气。(P7)【点拨】take off除掉；脱(衣物)(与put on构成反义词组)；取消，拿去；(飞机等)起飞如：Its hotPlease take off your coatThe plane took off despite the fog尽管有雾

25、，飞机仍就起飞了。常用结构关于take的常用短语take away拿走take along随身携带take care照料take down拿下，记下take on呈现，接受的挑战take up占据，开始/着手做某事take over接收，接管，接任dozens of【原句回放】There have been dozens of reports that people have seen a Wild Man in the Shennongjia Nature Reserve in western Hubei Province，China有很多报道说人们在中国湖北省西部的神农架自然保护区看到过一

26、个野人。(P18)【点拨】 dozens of许多如：There are dozens of people in this room这个房间里有许多人。知识拓展dozen一打，十二个 (1)当dozen前有数词或many，several等限定词修饰时，dozen后不加-s，若所修饰的名词前无限定词修饰，则通常省去of。如：two dozen eggs两打鸡蛋many dozen pencils好多打铅笔 (2)当所修饰的名词前有限定词these，those，my，his等或者所修饰的词是them，us，you等宾格代词时，of不能省略。如：two dozen of these pens这些钢笔

27、中的两打two dozen of them它们中的两打 (3)当dozen前无限定词时，常用其复数形式，后面加of的结构，表示“许多”。思维拓展数词score(二十)与dozen的用法相似。make ones way【原句回放】In his opinion。this animal made its way to other parts of the world，and continues to survive even today他认为这种动物迁徙到了世界上的其他地区，并且一直生活到今天。(P18)【点拨】 make ones way行进，前进；获得成功如：One of our best wo

28、rkers went out of this factory to make his way to realize his dream我们最好的一个工人离开了这个工厂去追求他的梦想。常用结构关于way的常用短语clear the way for为扫清道路，为让路feel ones way(在黑暗中)摸索(前进)find ones way to设法到达give way让路；屈服lead the way领路，引路lose ones way迷路in the way挡道，阻碍by the way顺便说on the way在途中in this way用这种方法，这样温馨提示在包含定语从句的复合句中，当w

29、ay作先行词，在从句中充当状语时，关系词有三种情况： (1)省略；(2)用that；(3)用in which。如：I dont like the way(that/in which)you speak to your teacher我不喜欢你和你老师说话的方式。one day【原句回放】Scientists hope that the mystery will be solved one day科学家们希望野人之谜将来有一天会得以破解。(Pl8)【点拨】 one day(过去或将来的)某一天如： He came across his old friend on the street one d

30、ay一天他在街上偶然碰到了他的老朋友。(过去)He wishes he could fly in the sky one day in the future他希望将来有一天他能在天上飞翔。知识拓展与“day”有关的短语all day long(all day)整天，终日，一天到晚dog days三伏天，闷热天the other day不久前的一天，几天以前every other day每隔一天，每两天have a day off休假一天one day/some day有一天/某一天day after day一天又一天地，日复一日地day and night日日夜夜地；日夜不停地day by d

31、ay逐日地，一天天地day in and day out一天到晚，天天；连续不断地against/for a rainy day未雨绸缪，以备不时之需重点句型sb. /sth. be said.(Its said that.)【原句回放】The Yeti is said to be a large，hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being据说雪人体形庞大，多毛，像人一样用两只脚走路。(P18)【点拨】 sb. /sth. be said.(Its said that.)人们说(某人/某物)，据说(某人/某物)如：At leas

32、t one policeman is said to have been injured in the accidentIt is said that at least one policeman has been injured in the accident据说至少有一名警察在这次事故中受伤。The book is said to have been translated into many languagesIt is said that the book has been translated into many languages据说那本书已经被译成好多种语言。归纳拓展类似It is

33、 said that.的结构It is argued that.人们争论It is believed that.人们相信It is known that.众所周知It is reported that.据报道It is supposed that. 据猜想It is thought that.大家认为It is suggested that.人们建议It has been pointed out that. 人们已经指出It is found that.人们发现It is required/demanded that. 人们要求It goes without saying that.不言而喻温

34、馨提示下面的三个句型可以互换，表示相同的意思。It is known that.句型中，It作形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的that从句。What is known is that.句型中，第二个is前面是what引导的主语从句，后面是that引导的表语从句。As is known.句型中，as引导的是定语从句。如：众所周知，他是一个著名的电影演员。It is known to everyone that he is a famous film starWhat is known to everyone is that he is a famous film starAs is known to everyone，he is a famous film star