Unit 2 Period 2 Grammar and usage.docx

1、Unit 2 Lets talk teensPeriod 2 Grammar and usage &Integrated skills （译林版2020必修第一册）01学习目标1.Categorize the elements of a simple sentence, a compound sentence and a complex sentence;2. Summarize the general rules of the three kinds of sentence structures;3.Distinguish and choose the right sentence stru

2、cture;4.Identify the problems they have with their parents and seek solutions;5. Analyse and summarize the features of a formal advice email;6. Write a formal advice email to help solve their problems.02预习导学. 必备单词: 根据提示填写单词或者汉语1. adj. 独一无二的；独特的；独具的；特有的2. adj. 消极的，被动的3. vt. & vi. 催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推n. 报章杂志

3、，报刊；(the press)新闻工作者，新闻界4. adj. 灵活的，可变动的；柔韧的5.forum n. 6.youth n. ；(the youth) 7.kangaroo n. . 核心单词拓展1. vt.& n设计 n设计者2. n. 专家，行家adj. 熟练的，内行的，专家的 adv.熟练地3. adj. 可能的，预料的，有希望的_ adj. 不可能的4. n表演；演出；表现，业绩 vt.& vi.演出，表演；做，履行；工作，运转 n表演者；演员5. adj.热切的；渴望的 n热切；渴望6. n. 冒险，冒险 经历，奇遇 adj.渴望冒险的; 喜欢冒险的 _ n. 冒险者. adv

4、. 冒险. 英汉双译短语1, look through _2. take a look at _3look around _4comparewith_5lose confidence in _6_ 对有影响7. _ 结果，竟然8. _ 不管; 不理; 让一个人待着9. _ (使)变得高兴，振奋起来10. _缠磨，烦扰. 初识语法1.根据句意填写适当的连接词(1)One more week, we will accomplish the task. 再过一个星期, 我们就会完成这项任务。(2)I do every single bit of housework my husband Bob ju

5、st does the dishes now and then. 我做所有的家务, 而我丈夫鲍勃只是偶尔洗碗。(3)Several weeks had gone by I realized the painting was missing. 几个星期过去了, 我才意识到那幅画不见了。(4)Well never forget the date the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的那一天。(5)This is the room the famous scientist once lived. 这就是那位著名科学家

6、曾经住过的房间。(6)Eat any cake you like and leave the others for comes in late. 你喜欢什么蛋糕就吃什么, 把剩下的留给来晚的人。2.判断下列句子的句子类型并填空(1)We know that being a teenager is sometimes difficult. (2)So, we have designed TeenHealthWeb to help you along the journey to adulthood. (3)Our website has many articles about teenagers

7、 physical and mental health. (4)You can look through these articles to find advice on your problem. (5) It may not have been addressed before, but dont worry. (6)You can visit the “teen health” forum on our website instead. (7)We are proud to say this forum is the heart of our website. (8)Users are

8、encouraged to post their problems, and they will get advice from our health experts and other forum users. 简单句：_并列句：_复合句：_03探究提升词汇精讲1. design vt. 设计; 制订n. 设计; 设计艺术(教材P20)So, we have designed Teen Health Web to help you along the journey to adulthood. 所以, 我们设计了青少年健康网站来帮助你步入成年。【归纳拓展】design sb. /sth. f

9、or 打算让某人从事/为设计某物be designed for/to do被设计用于做; 目的是by design故意地, 蓄意地designer n. 设计者(1)His father designed him for a lawyer. 他父亲打算让他当律师。(2)This project is designed to help homeless people. 这个项目旨在帮助无家可归的人。(3)We dont know if it was done by accident or by design. 我们不知道这是意外还是故意为之。“冰墩墩”是一个具有中国特色的设计范例。【拓展延伸】表

10、示“故意与偶然”的词语小结by accident=by chance=accidentally(偶然地)by design=on purpose=deliberately(故意地)巧学助记I like the design of the suit, which was designed by a famous designer. 我喜欢这身套装的设计，它是由一位著名的设计师设计的。【即时练习】单句语法填空/ 一句多译 The very first Federal Duck Stamp (design) by J. N. Bing Dwen Dwen is an example of desig

11、n with uniquely Chinese characteristics. The weekend party was designed (bring) the two old men together.She arrived just as we were leaving, but Im not sure whether this was . 当我们要离开的时候她到了。但是我怀疑这件事是偶然还是故意。2.expert n. 专家，行家 adj. 熟练的，内行的；专家的(教材P20) Users are encouraged to put their problem, and they

12、will get advice from our death experts and other forums users. 我们鼓励用户把自己的问题发帖子公布出来，我们的健康专家和其他论坛用户将会给出建议。【归纳拓展】Tom is an expert in/on/ at playing golf. 汤姆是一个打高尔夫球的能手。To her expert eye, the painting was terrible. 以她内行的眼光来看，这幅画糟糕透了。Shes expert at making cheap but stylish clothes. 她擅长做便宜但雅致的服装。【即学活用】单句语

13、法填空/完成句子He is also a talented musician who was able to play several instruments (expert).Mr. Lee is expert in (deal) with the crisis. He is an expert child psychology.My mother is dress-making.我妈妈做裁缝活可是行家。2. likely adj. 可能的, 预料的, 有希望的 (教材P20)It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on

14、 our forum. 这件事很可能已经在我们的论坛上讨论过了。【归纳拓展】be likely to do可能做It is likely that. . . 有可能unlikely adj. 不大可能发生的 (1) It is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe. 婴儿出生时可能不知道这个宇宙的基本事实。(2)You should listen to experts, by experts, I mean those who are less likely to make pronunci

15、ation mistakes. 你应该听取专家的意见, 我所说的专家是指那些发音错误可能性较小的人。(3) Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. 研究表明, 竞走和跑步有很多健身的好处, 而且最有可能减少受伤。【易混辨析】possible强调客观上的可能性, 但常带有“实际可能性很小”的暗示。如: Its possible, though not probable, that he will

16、 accept these terms. 他有可能接受这些条件, 但希望很小。probable很可能的, 大概的, 语气较possible强。如: It is probable that the cost will be greater than we think. 花费很可能比我们料想的要多。likely暗示从表面迹象来判断“有可能的”。如: It is likely that he will come. 他有可能会来。【即时练习】单句语法填空Its nearly nine oclock and the teacher is likely (walk) into the classroom

17、at any moment.Is it likely we will hand in the paper the day after tomorrow?While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is _(likely) that television will replace the newspaper completely.4. performance n. 表演；演奏 (教材P21) Right now, its just making you anxious and having a bad in

18、fluence on your performance. 现在，这只是爱使你焦虑并且对你的表现造成不好的影响。【归纳拓展】(1) On National Day, our class put on a wonderful performance.国庆节那天，我们班做了精彩的表演。(1) Each member of the family has to perform his own duty.家庭的每个成员都应履行自己的职责。 巧学助记The unknown performer performed very well, and her performance was very popular

19、with the audience.这个不知名的表演者演奏地非常好，她的表演深受观众的欢迎。【即时练习】单句语法填空/ 完成句子It is said that he will give a (perform) in our city next month.Lets have a good round of applause for the next (perform). She performs an important role our organization.Youd better that you have to finish your task on time.你最好履行你按时完成任

20、务的承诺。5. cheer (sb.) up感到高兴；感到振奋(教材P21)Cheer up! 振奋起来!【归纳拓展】(1) I tried to cheer her up by telling her the good news.我把这个好消息告诉了她，想使她高兴起来。(2) Friends will cheer you on when you are in trouble.朋友会在你有困难的时候鼓励你。(3) She is so cheerful that everyone likes her.她是一个快乐的女孩，每个人都喜欢她。 巧图妙记巧学助记The cheering news mad

21、e the boy cheerful, which made his parents cheer up too.这个令人振奋的消息使得这个小男孩高兴起来，他的父母亲也感到高兴。【即时练习】单句语法填空/ 完成句子Cheer ! The people all over the country will help you rebuild your homes.As the runners went by, we cheered them .Tom is a (cheer) boy. He seems to be happy all the time. ! The news isnt too bad

22、.振作起来吧！这消息还不算太坏。6. press vt.&vi.催促，逼迫；按；压；挤，推 n. 报章杂志，报刊；(the press) 新闻工作者，新闻界 (教材P22)When were at home, she keeps pressing me to study all the time. 当我们在家的时候，她一直催促我学习。【归纳拓展】(1)In order to start the engine，you should press this button.要启动发动机，你应该按下这个按钮。(2)They were pressing us to make a decision.=The

23、y were pressing us into making a decision.他们正催促我们作出决定。(3)The charity invited the press (reporters and photographers) to a presentation of its plans for the future.这家慈善机构邀请新闻界参加其未来计划的介绍说明会。(4)She kept pressing cake on us. 她非要我们吃蛋糕不可。【即时练习】写出下列句中press的含义/单句语法填空/ 完成句子The doctor gently pressed his stoma

24、ch. They are pressing us to make a quick decision. Members of the press were not allowed into the meeting. The little girl pressed her face the shop window.Because of the tough environment, they were pressed (quit) the original plan of reaching the peak.7. eager adj. 热切的, 渴望的, 渴求的 (教材P22)Im eager fo

25、r my parents love. 我渴望得到父母的爱。【归纳拓展】eager to do 渴望做; 急欲做be eager for/about. . . 渴望be too eager to 太渴望(不表示否定)eagerly adv. 急切地; 渴望地; 热心地eagerness n. 渴望; 热心 (1) Shes healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. 她健康强壮, 渴望玩耍和探索。 (2)Children in the village are eager for knowledge. 村里的孩子渴求知识。【知识延伸

26、】表示“渴望做某事”的短语: be dying to do sth. ; long to do sth. ; be keen to do sth. ; be thirsty to do sth. 【即时练习】单句语法填空/ 完成句子Kate was in a hurry to grow up, eager knowledge and experience.Many students are eager (find) a good way to have their English writing improved in a short period.Her latest novel is (e

27、ager) awaited. I was deeply touched by their (eager) to learn. Tom is eager that his father . 汤姆热切希望他的父亲回家。语法讲解（简单句、并列句、主从复合句）一、简单句只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词(或并列谓语)的句子称为简单句(simple sentence)。I am a student. 我是一个学生。He usually does morning exercise on the playground. 他常常在操场上做早操。简单句的基本句型(1)主谓结构(SV)在此句式中, V是不及

28、物动词(vi. )。He runs quickly. 他跑得快。They listened carefully. 他们认真地听。 (2)主系表结构(SVP)在此句式中, V是系动词(link v. ), 常见的系动词有look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get, fall, stand, become, turn等。He seemed interested in this book. 他似乎对这本书感兴趣。The story sounds reasonable. 这个故事听起来很有道理。 (3)主谓宾结构(SVO)在此句式中

29、, V是及物动词(vt. ), 后接宾语。We visit a local farm every October. 我们每年十月都去参观当地的一个农场。Shenzhou-13 crew members expressed their Spring Festival greetings in a video. 神舟十三号机组人员在一段视频中表达了他们的春节祝福。(4)主谓双宾结构(SVOO)在此句式中, V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见带双宾语的动词有give, ask, offer, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, get, rob, warn等。间接宾语可以

30、紧接动词之后, 也可以用to后置。He gave me a present. /He gave a present to me. 他给了我一件礼物。Have you shown your work to anyone? 你给别人展示过你的作品吗? 间接宾语可以紧接动词之后, 也可以用for后置。Mother bought me a book. /Mother bought a book for me. 妈妈给我买了一本书。He got me a chair. /He got a chair for me. 他给我弄了一把椅子。 (5)主谓宾宾补结构(SVOC)在此句式中, 常作宾语补足语的词汇

31、有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。They made the girl angry. 他们使这个女孩生气了。They found her happy that day. 他们发现那天她很高兴。二、并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子称为并列句(compound sentence)。并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立, 互不依从, 但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系。并列句中的各个简单句通常用并列连词连接起来。并列连词之前可用逗号, 也可不用逗号(但however、therefore、otherwise等并列连词前后都常有逗号)。常见的并列句结构是“简单句+并列连词

32、+简单句”。She likes bread and milk, but she doesnt like eggs at all. 她喜欢面包和牛奶, 但她一点儿也不喜欢鸡蛋。This is our first lesson, so I dont know all your names. 这是我们的第一堂课, 因此我不知道大家的名字。并列连词并列连词(或连接副词)根据不同含义, 分为如下几类: (1)表示连接, 常用的有and、not only. . . but also、neither. . . nor等。Through the exhibition, not only can you adm

33、ire wonderful pictures, but also you can understand the art of traditional Chinese painting better. 通过展览, 您不仅可以欣赏到精彩的图画, 还能更好地了解中国传统绘画艺术。Neither did the naughty boy go home nor did his parents come to search for him. 这调皮的男孩既不回家, 他的父母也不寻找他。(2)表示转折, 常用的有but、yet、still、however、while等。He is in poor healt

34、h but he still keeps working. 他身体不好, 但仍继续工作。The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months, yet he couldnt find any work. 这个工人在纽约找工作已有数月之久, 但是仍然没有找到任何工作。(3)表示选择, 常用的有or、or else、otherwise、either. . . or等。They must be taken away from the heat of the fire, or they might get burnt. 必须把它们从炉火边拿走, 不然就有可

35、能烤糊。Take this bus or else you wont get there in time. 乘这辆公共汽车吧, 否则你将无法及时到达那里。(4)表示原因, 常用for。They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one, for being blind, how could they? 他们常常听说大象, 但从来没看到过, 因为他们是盲人, 怎么能看到呢? (5)表示结果, 常用的有so、therefore。The rain began to fall, so we went home. 天开始下雨了,

36、所以我们就回家了。He worked day and night, therefore, he was able to buy the sports car. 他夜以继日地工作, 所以他有能力买那辆跑车。三、主从复合句主从复合句(complex sentence)由一个主句(main clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(subordinate clause)构成。主句是全句的主体, 通常可以独立存在; 从句则只用作句子的一个成分, 不能独立。After the students were all in the chemistry lab, the teacher brought out th

37、ree bottles. 在学生全都进入化学实验室后, 老师拿出了三个瓶子。Corn is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways. 玉米是一种非常有用的作物, 可用许多不同的方法将其制作成食物。We also believe that many more people will prefer to travel by air. 我们还认为会有更多的人更喜欢乘飞机旅行。What he said is true. 他说的是真的。从句的基本概念及其结构从句不能独立成为一个句子, 虽然它也有主语部分和谓语部分。从

38、句通常由关联词引导, 并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句的结构通常是关联词+主语+谓语。When I came home, my wife was cooking dinner. 当我回家时, 我的妻子在做晚饭。Did you see the letter that I sent him? 你看到我寄给他的信了吗? Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather. 足球比赛是否举行视天气而定。连词(1)从属连词: that(无词义), before(在之前), whether(是否), after(在之后),

39、if(假如; 是否), since(既然; 自从), because(因为), as/so long as(只要), when(当的时候), so that(以便)(2)连接代词: who, which, whom, what, whose等。(3)连接副词: when, why, where, how(4)关系代词: who, which, whom, that, whose(5)关系副词: when, why, where从句的作用和种类从句在复合句中, 可作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等, 因此, 可分为六类: 即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。Th

40、e dam, which is the biggest in the world, is 3, 830 metres long. 这座水坝是世界上最大的一座, 长3 830米。(含有which引导的定语从句)Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor. 当11楼起火的时候, 大楼内有500多人在工作。(含有when引导的时间状语从句)The chief editor decides which will be the most important story on

41、the front page. 由主编决定哪篇报导最重要, 应安排在头版。(含有which引导的宾语从句)That is where he was born. 那就是他出生的地方。(含有where引导的表语从句)We heard the news that our team had won. 我们听到了我们球队已经获胜的消息。(含有that 引导的同位语从句)写作（如何写建议信）1. 文体特点本单元的写作任务是写一封建议信, 主题语境是人与自我之个人与家庭。建议信通常可分为三段: 第一段应表示理解对方心情; 第二段给出具体建议; 第三段简要总结并祝愿。2. 话题词汇(1)受困扰 be trou

42、bled by/be upset by (2)因为某事和某人争吵 argue with sb. over sth. (3)发脾气lose temper(4)经历 go through(5)身心变化 physical and mental change(6)和某人交流 have a communication with sb. (7)解决某人的担忧 address ones concern(8)让某人自己平静下来 calm oneself down3. 话题句式(1) 建议信开头常用句式I am sorry to know that you are worried about the comin

43、g exam. 了解到你对即将到来的考试很担心我很难过。Im glad that you are getting along well with your study. 我很高兴你的学业进展顺利。You asked me in your letter how to get along with your deskmate. 你在信中问我如何与你的同桌相处。(2)表达建议常用句式You dont have to worry about it. 你不必为此事担心。First of all, try to invite some of your good friends to take part i

44、n after-class activities. 首先, 尽量邀请你的一些好朋友参加课外活动。Whats more, help others when theyre in trouble. 另外, 当别人有困难时帮助他们。In my opinion, you should try to calm down and find a chance to talk with her. 依我看来, 你应该试着冷静下来, 找机会与她谈谈。(3)建议信结尾常用句式I hope these suggestions will help you. 我希望这些建议对你有所帮助。Im sure everything

45、 will turn out all right. 我确信一切都会好的。I hope everything goes well with you. 我希望你万事如意。【模板构建】4. 典题分析假定你是光华学校学生会主席李华, 负责接洽沟通本校国外交换生。你收到来自英国的高一新生Lucy的邮件, 在邮件中她诉说自己远程和父母沟通学习上的问题时, 经常容易发生争吵。请给她回一封邮件, 内容包括: 1. 表示理解; 2. 给出建议; 3. 安慰对方。注意: 1. 词数80左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。【布局】【参考范文】Dear Lucy, I quite understand t

46、hat you are troubled by arguing with your parents over your studies. Actually, it is quite normal for you to lose temper since you may go through some physical and mental changes. Why not try these pieces of advice and see if they help? First, have an honest communication with your parents, figure o

47、ut their worries and share your thoughts in order to address their concerns. Secondly, try to calm yourself down and understand the situation from their point of view. I believe this stormy period will not last. Everything will turn out all right in the end. Yours, Li Hua 04体系构建05记忆清单1. focus n.&v.

48、焦点，重点；集中focused adj. 目标清晰的，目标明确的，重点突出的1.design vt.& n设计designer n设计者2.forum n. 论坛，讨论会；公共集会场所3.expert n. 专家，行家adj. 熟练的，内行的，专家的4.likely adj. 可能的，预料的，有希望的5.unique adj. 独一无二的，独特的，独具的；特有的6.passive adj. 消极的，被动的7. performance n表演；演出；表现，业绩perform vt.& vi.演出，表演；做，履行；工作，运转performer n表演者；演员8.cheer up (使)变得高兴，振

49、奋起来9.press vt. & vi. 催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推n. 报章杂志，报刊；(the press)新闻工作者，新闻界10.eageradj.热切的；渴望的eagerness n热切；渴望11.youth n. 青年时期；青春；(the youth)年轻人12. adventure n. 冒险，冒险 经历，奇遇adventurous adj.渴望冒险的; 喜欢冒险的 adventurer n. 冒险者. adventurously adv. 冒险13.be on sbs back about sth 缠磨，烦扰14.kangaroo n. 袋鼠15.flexible adj. 灵活

50、的，可变动的；柔韧的06强化训练.单词拼写1.Our plans need to be (灵活的) enough to cater for(适合) everyone. 2.No one knows for sure why adolescence is u to humans.3.A team of (专家) are on hand to offer help and advice between 12 noon and 7 p.m. daily.4.Their cultural backgrounds gave them a spirit of (冒险).选词填空cheer up; leav

51、e.alone; compared with; be on sb.s back about1.Hes taking an online lesson now, so its better to him . 2. her achievements, her shortcomings are, after all, only secondary. 3.My mom my grades all the time, but I just have no interest in the classes Im taking this semester. 4.All the people when the

52、good news came that our country had successfully launched a manned spacecraft(载人飞船). .单句语法填空1. is likely that investors(投资者) will face losses.2.Shes healthy, strong and already eager (play) and explore.3.She won a gold medal for her excellent (perform) in the contest.4.HUNCH (design) to connect high

53、 school classrooms with NASA engineers.完成句子1.听起来他们似乎犯下了一个可怕的错误。(as if) they made a dreadful mistake.2.只抱怨而不采取行动是没有用的。(point) without taking action.3.人的价值不取决于他们拥有什么,而取决于他们是什么样的人。(what)The value of people doesnt depend on , but .按照提示补全下列句子1. 他突然站了起来。(SV)He suddenly. 2. 他们很快发现了对音乐的兴趣。(SVO)They soon _in

54、 music. 3. 我把卧室涂成了浅黄色。(SVOC)I painted my bedroom _. 4. 她把她的手表给我看。(SVOO)She _. 5. 这个主意听起来合理。(SVP)This idea . 6. 这就是我20年前就读的学校。(where引导定语从句)This is the school 20 years ago. 7. 我们是否需要更多的食物, 这要视到场人数而定。(Whether引导主语从句)_depends on how many people turn up. 8. 我们班赢得篮球比赛的好消息让每个人感到振奋。(that引导同位语从句)The good news

55、 _ has lifted everyones spirits. 9. 这是我们这里的做事风格。(how 引导表语从句)This is _here. 10. 他建议我把汽车送去保养。(that引导宾语从句)He suggested_. . 写作假设你叫李华,你的朋友John沉迷于抖音(Douyin)而不能自拔,写信向你寻求帮助,请你给他回一封电子邮件。内容包括:1.表示理解和关心;2.沉迷抖音的影响;3.提出具体的建议。注意:1.词数80左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。参考词汇:be addicted to (doing) sth.沉迷于(做)某事;addiction n.瘾,入迷Dear John,I am sorry to hear thatBest wishes!Yours,Li Hua