Unit 2 The environment.动词ing形式作表语定语和宾语补足语(知识梳理).docx

1、Unit 2 The environment动词ing形式作表语，定语和宾语补足语概念引入：The music they are playing sounds so exciting .We watched three boys sharing their food with eachOur job is playing all kinds of music .The girl singing now is a classmate of mine语法讲解非谓语动词中的ing形式包括两种： 一种是动名词，另外一种是现在分词。 基本形式： 1、-ing形式作表语 1) -ing形式作表语时放在系动

2、词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的具体内容(身份、性质或情况)。如： Her hobby is painting. 她的业余爱好是画画。 My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。2) ing用来表示主语所具有的特征，如： His concern for his mother is most touching. 他对母亲的关爱很感人。 His words are encouraging. 他的话很鼓舞人。2、-ing形式作定语 1). 说明被修饰名词的作用和用途，如： building materials = materia

3、ls for building 建筑材料 drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水 a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室2). 说明被修饰名词的作用和用途，如： tiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐 a surprising result = a result that is surprising 一个惊人的结果3). 表示被修饰名词正在进行的动作，如： 正在做实验的那个学生是我们的班长。 The student making the experiment is our

4、 monitor. 我们能看到冉冉升起的太阳。 We can see the rising sun. Attention 1) 单个-ing形式作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之前, -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如： They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing

5、 there is Peters father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。2) V-ing, 过去分词，不定式做定语时的区别： The student making the experiment is our monitor. They lived in a room facing the street. 正在举行的会议非常重要。The meeting being held now is very important.昨天举行的会议非常重要。The meeting held yesterday is very important.明天要举行的会议非常重要。The meeting to b

6、e held tomorrow is very important.3)-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如： His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。 The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The app

7、le tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. 那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。3、-ing形式作宾语补足语1) 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个正在进行的动作或一种状态。如：当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance. 我发现地板上放着一个包。I found a bag lying

8、 on the ground. 那老板让工人整夜地工作。The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 2）当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。如：They found the result very satisfying. = The result is found very satisfying.They heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room. 3). 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语

9、的几类动词: a. 感官动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, 等。如： We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. Can you smell anything burning? As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously. Listen to the birds singing. I didnt notice him waitin

10、g.b. 使役动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：I wont have you doing that. This set me thinking.Im sorry to have kept you waiting. I cant get the clock going again.You wont catch me doing that again.4) see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别： 前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如: We pa

11、ssed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment. 我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。（只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师正在做实验） We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment. 我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。（一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验） 如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定式短语表示一次动作， 而-ing形式则表示反复动作。如： We heard the door slam. (一次动作) We heard the door slamming. (反复动作)