Unit 3 Faster, higher, stronger 同步练习-2021-2022学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册.docx

1、选择性必修 第一册 Unit 3 (限时：35分钟).阅读理解AHere are some fun and engaging ways to learn about the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations and what you can do to take action to make them a reality.Freerice from WFPFreerice is a free online educational game where people of all ages can do thei

2、r part simply by playing.Every right answer on Freerice brings a real financial donation to the UN World Food Programme (WFP) from sponsors worth about 10 grains of rice.Use your time and knowledge to help provide food for people in need.FriedaStorytelling is a powerful communication tool and helps

3、children remember lessons and virtues that they will use in everyday life. The idea behind the production of the story of Frieda is to simplify the lessons of the SDGs so young children can better understand the SDGs.SDG PandasInspired by reallife animal ambassadors (大使) Qiqi and Diandian, SDG Panda

4、s are stickers that you can use in your WhatsApp conversations to help spread the SDGs and inspire action for a better world.SDG ElyxElyx, the United Nations digital ambassador, uses various expressions and actions to help demonstrate the meaning of each Sustainable Development Goal.Created by Frenc

5、h artist YAK, Elyx has no race, sex or nationality and is a universal character promoting the importance of the United Nations work.AFreerice from WFP.BFrieda.CSDG Pandas.DSDG Elyx.2What are inspired by real animals?AThe WFPs programs.BFriedas stories.CThe virtual stickers.DThe digital ambassador.3W

6、hats Frieda meant to do?APromote students storytelling ability.BEncourage financial donation for the SDGs.CGuide children in practicing virtues in daily life.DMake the SDGs easier for children to understand.BAttention managers: the next time you need to inspire your team creatively, be more attentiv

7、e to your employees feelings when you deliver negative feedback (反馈).Kim, who worked as a software engineer for Samsung after graduation from college, is familiar with having his creative work picked apart.“I personally hate hearing negative feedback as most people do and I wondered if it really imp

8、roved my performance, particularly when it came to completing creative tasks.” In two studies, Kim found that negative feedback can help or prevent creativity.What is most important is where the criticism (批评) comes from.When creative professionals or participants received criticism from a boss or a

9、 peer, they tended to be less creative in their later work.Interestingly, if a person received negative feedback from an employee of lower rank, they became more creative.It makes sense that employees might feel threatened by criticism from their managers.Supervisors(监督员；管理者)have a lot of power in d

10、eciding promotions or pay raises.So negative feedback from a boss might cause career(职业) anxiety.It also stands to reason that feedback from a coworker might also be received as threatening.We often compete with our peers for the same promotions and chances.What Kim found most surprising was how cri

11、ticism proved to improve supervisors through lessons learned from negative feedback that came from their followers (employees that they manage).“But we tend to believe we shouldnt criticize the boss，” says Kim.“In reality, most supervisors dont detest negative feedback since they want to learn from

12、it.Another reason is that they are in a natural power position and can deal with the discomfort of negative feedback better.”As for giving suggestions to employees, bosses should point out a followers poor performance or weak points in time.But they should keep their feedback specific to tasks.Expla

13、in how the point theyre discussing relates to only their task behavior, not to aspects of the person.Meanwhile, feedback receivers need to worry less when it comes to receiving criticism.4Whats the motivation behind Kims study?ATo work on his essays for graduation.BTo have a better knowledge of crit

14、icism.CTo call for understanding between workers.DTo encourage a culture of criticism in the workplace.5Whats the main idea of Paragraph 4?AWhat typical power supervisors possess.BWhat feedback can cause career anxieties.CHow workers can have a good impression on bosses.DWhy certain criticism harms

15、a persons performance.6What amazed Kim mostly in the study?ASome people enjoy negative feedback.BEmployees are brave to criticize the boss.CFollowers criticism may benefit managers.DMany bosses sometimes struggle in their work.7Which of the following would the author agree with?A.Bosses should give

16、criticism actively and also properly.B.Workers should avoid exposing their own personal matters.C.Workers should compromise with each other sometimes.DPeople should try to avoid criticizing their coworkers.CThere have been many headlines in recent years about the potentially negative impacts contact

17、 sports can have on athletes brains.However, a study by Northwestern University (NU) showed that in the absence of injury, athletes across a variety of sports, including football, basketball and hockey, have healthier brains than nonathletes.The researchers examined the brain health of 495 Northwest

18、ern student athletes and 493 citizens.They delivered speech syllables to study the participants through earbuds (耳塞) and recorded the brains activity with scalp electrodes (头皮电极).They analyzed the ratio of background noise to the response to the speech sounds by looking at how the response to sound

19、was relative to the background noise.Athletes have a better ability to diminish background electrical noise in their brain to better process external sounds, such as a teammate yelling or a coach calling to them from the sidelines.“No one would argue against the fact that sports lead to better physi

20、cal fitness, but we dont always connect brain fitness with sports，” said Senior author and professor Nina Kraus.He likens (比喻) the phenomenon to listening to a DJ on the radio.“Think of background electrical noise in the brain like static (天电干扰)on the radio，” Kraus said.“There are two ways to hear t

21、he DJ better minimize the static or increase the DJs voice.We found that athletes brains use the first way to hear the DJ better.A serious commitment to physical activity is beneficial to the nervous system, and perhaps, if you have a healthier nervous system, you may be able to better handle injury

22、 or other health problems.”“The findings could motivate athletic interventions for those who struggle with hearing processing.In particular, playing sports may offset(抵消) the excessively noisy brains often found in children from lowincome areas，” Kraus said.8Whats new about contact sports in NUs stu

23、dy?AThe physical fitness sports bring.BThe potential risk of sports to athletes.CThe influence of sports on athletes attention.DThe ways to help athletes avoid injuries during sports.9What does the underlined word “diminish” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?ABring down.BMake use of.CTake in. DPay attent

24、ion to.10Why does Kraus talk about listening to a DJ on the radio in Paragraph 4?ATo show the statics effects on ordinary people.BTo prove the importance of decreasing the noise.CTo encourage people to listen to the radio more.DTo stress the special ability of athletes brains.11What may be the signi

25、ficance of the studys findings?AReminding athletes to listen to what their teammates say carefully.BEncouraging people with hearing problems to exercise more.CMotivating athletes to help each other while competing.DProtecting those who usually get injured in sports.DEveryone knows that to help lesse

26、n the ongoing climate crisis, we need to plant new trees.A paper recently published in Science predicts that our Earth could support an additional 9，000，000 sq km of forest, potentially hosting 500 billion trees that are able to absorb more than 200 billion tons of CO2.It would be a serious help.The

27、 Earths land is 149，000，000 sq km.According to our study, when we take out glaciers and deserts, we are left with 104，000，000 sq km.When we further take out cities, freshwater, forests, etc., we finally get 51，000，000 sq km of arable (适于耕种的)land badly needed to feed 7.5 billion human beings.Very few

28、 people are aware of the great complexity of the whole system.“Widespread use at the scale of millions of square kilometers globally of treeplanting and bioenergy crops (用于制造生物能源的农作物)planting，” reads an IPCC report, “could have potentially bad consequences for food security and land degradation (退化)

29、.” In other words, more widespread monoculture(单一栽培)and more bioenergy crops could degrade soil.Bioenergy now has a 50 per cent share of the worlds renewable energy consumption, according to expert Fatih Birols words: “as much as wind, solar and all others combined”Its good news, but not entirely.On

30、e reason is that rising ocean levels and deserts spreading are taking away more arable land.So we arrive at a tough choice.Should we use our spare soil for agriculture, reforestation or bioenergy?Firstly, when planning to use lots of spare land to grow trees, we should notice that last year, 36，000

31、sq km of forest was cut down.So wouldnt it be better to start by stopping cutting down forests altogether? Besides, animal farming takes up 77 per cent of the worlds arable land and provides us with 18 per cent of the calories.Shouldnt we globally cut back on meat consumption? Lastly, modern bioener

32、gy, which is made from nonfoodcrops, is already available.Shouldnt we avoid firstgeneration biofuels, which are obtained from food crops?12What does the Science paper predict?APeople will be more active in planting trees.BThe climate change will lessen in the future.CLarge quantities of trees can he

33、lp handle CO2.DTrees will play a much bigger role in our daily life.13What are the figures in Paragraph 2 mainly intended to show?AHumans face a freshwater crisis.BThe Earths land has various functions.CForests take up a small part of the Earths land.D.The arable land is hard to feed the worlds popu

34、lation14What can be inferred from the IPCC report?APlanting trees benefits bioenergy crops.BMore land can be used for growing bioenergy crops.CThe condition of plenty of land has been improved.DLarge scale of treeplanting may be a doubleedged sword.15Whats the last paragraph mainly about?AHow to pro

35、perly use our spare soil.BHow to produce more trees and biofuels.C.Why to protect our environment.DWhat to know about our role in nature.阅读七选五Social psychologys roots were laid in the late 1800s of Europe.Social psychology became a distinct discipline in the 1920s. 16 He was called the “father” of t

36、he discipline. 17 Social psychology studies peoples attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.It also examines interpersonal interaction, analyzing the way in which someone interacts with other people.It also examines cultural influences like advertisements, books, films, television, and radio.Social psycho

37、logists like to use empirical (以实验为依据的)methods to conduct studies in their fields.These methods often involve experiments which can bring up complex ethical (伦理的) problems.One of the most infamous social psychology experiments was the Stanford Prison Experiment. 18 To avoid a repeat of such question

38、able experiments, social psychologists rely on the efforts of ethics committees to ensure that their work is ethically allowable.The study of social psychology is significant.It can explain how groups make decisions, which social conditions can lead to improper behavior, etc.And social psychologists

39、 are constantly learning more about the science behind human interactions. 19 If you want to learn more about this field of psychology, you may be able to take an introductory course at a local college in your area. 20 Once you start studying the discipline, try to be devoted to it!AOr you may give

40、lectures on this field.BSocial psychology deals with a wide range of areas.CIt was shut down at last because it got out of control.DOne of the major influences in the field was Kurt Lewin.ESo social psychology is a discipline thats beneficial to humans.FZimbardo is also a very famous social psycholo

41、gist in the world.GYou can also consult your library for some published texts on the subject.选择性必修 第一册 Unit 3 (限时：35分钟).阅读理解AHere are some fun and engaging ways to learn about the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations and what you can do to take action to make them a reality.Fre

42、erice from WFPFreerice is a free online educational game where people of all ages can do their part simply by playing.Every right answer on Freerice brings a real financial donation to the UN World Food Programme (WFP) from sponsors worth about 10 grains of rice.Use your time and knowledge to help p

43、rovide food for people in need.FriedaStorytelling is a powerful communication tool and helps children remember lessons and virtues that they will use in everyday life. The idea behind the production of the story of Frieda is to simplify the lessons of the SDGs so young children can better understand

44、 the SDGs.SDG PandasInspired by reallife animal ambassadors (大使) Qiqi and Diandian, SDG Pandas are stickers that you can use in your WhatsApp conversations to help spread the SDGs and inspire action for a better world.SDG ElyxElyx, the United Nations digital ambassador, uses various expressions and

45、actions to help demonstrate the meaning of each Sustainable Development Goal.Created by French artist YAK, Elyx has no race, sex or nationality and is a universal character promoting the importance of the United Nations work.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种有趣的方式，让我们了解联合国可持续发展目标，以及我们能做什么来实现这些目标。1.Which progra

46、m uses a game to promote the SDGs?AFreerice from WFP.BFrieda.CSDG Pandas.DSDG Elyx.解析：选A细节理解题。根据Freerice from WFP 部分的第一句“Freerice is a free online educational game where people of all ages can do their part simply by playing.”可知，A项正确。2What are inspired by real animals?AThe WFPs programs.BFriedas sto

47、ries.CThe virtual stickers.DThe digital ambassador.解析：选C细节理解题。根据SDG Pandas部分的内容可知，受到现实生活中的动物大使熊猫“启启”和“点点”的启发，SDG Pandas是一款可以在WhatsApp对话中使用的贴纸，故C项(虚拟贴纸)正确。3Whats Frieda meant to do?APromote students storytelling ability.BEncourage financial donation for the SDGs.CGuide children in practicing virtues

48、in daily life.DMake the SDGs easier for children to understand.解析：选D细节理解题。根据Frieda 部分的第二句“The idea behind the production of the story of Frieda is to simplify the lessons of the SDGs so young children can better understand the SDGs.”可知，D项正确。BAttention managers: the next time you need to inspire your

49、 team creatively, be more attentive to your employees feelings when you deliver negative feedback (反馈).Kim, who worked as a software engineer for Samsung after graduation from college, is familiar with having his creative work picked apart.“I personally hate hearing negative feedback as most people

50、do and I wondered if it really improved my performance, particularly when it came to completing creative tasks.” In two studies, Kim found that negative feedback can help or prevent creativity.What is most important is where the criticism (批评) comes from.When creative professionals or participants r

51、eceived criticism from a boss or a peer, they tended to be less creative in their later work.Interestingly, if a person received negative feedback from an employee of lower rank, they became more creative.It makes sense that employees might feel threatened by criticism from their managers.Supervisor

52、s(监督员；管理者)have a lot of power in deciding promotions or pay raises.So negative feedback from a boss might cause career(职业) anxiety.It also stands to reason that feedback from a coworker might also be received as threatening.We often compete with our peers for the same promotions and chances.What Kim

53、 found most surprising was how criticism proved to improve supervisors through lessons learned from negative feedback that came from their followers (employees that they manage).“But we tend to believe we shouldnt criticize the boss，” says Kim.“In reality, most supervisors dont detest negative feedb

54、ack since they want to learn from it.Another reason is that they are in a natural power position and can deal with the discomfort of negative feedback better.”As for giving suggestions to employees, bosses should point out a followers poor performance or weak points in time.But they should keep thei

55、r feedback specific to tasks.Explain how the point theyre discussing relates to only their task behavior, not to aspects of the person.Meanwhile, feedback receivers need to worry less when it comes to receiving criticism.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者以Kim有关批评与创造力的研究为论据，论述了我们应该怎样看待批评与创造力之间的关系，以及怎样反馈和接受批评。4Whats th

56、e motivation behind Kims study?ATo work on his essays for graduation.BTo have a better knowledge of criticism.CTo call for understanding between workers.DTo encourage a culture of criticism in the workplace.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段的“Kim, who worked as a software engineer .I personally hate .creative tasks.”

57、可知，Kim开展研究是想更好地了解批评。5Whats the main idea of Paragraph 4?AWhat typical power supervisors possess.BWhat feedback can cause career anxieties.CHow workers can have a good impression on bosses.DWhy certain criticism harms a persons performance.解析：选D段落大意题。结合第三段的内容并通读第四段可知，第四段主要讲的是为什么来自上级或同事的批评会抑制一个人的创造力。6

58、What amazed Kim mostly in the study?ASome people enjoy negative feedback.BEmployees are brave to criticize the boss.CFollowers criticism may benefit managers.DMany bosses sometimes struggle in their work.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第五段的内容可知，令Kim惊讶的发现是：下级的批评对管理者有利。7Which of the following would the author agree with

59、?A.Bosses should give criticism actively and also properly.B.Workers should avoid exposing their own personal matters.C.Workers should compromise with each other sometimes.DPeople should try to avoid criticizing their coworkers.解析：选A观点态度题。根据最后一段的“As for giving suggestions .of the person.”可知，作者建议：管理者

60、应该积极地给出消极反馈，但要针对事，不要针对人。CThere have been many headlines in recent years about the potentially negative impacts contact sports can have on athletes brains.However, a study by Northwestern University (NU) showed that in the absence of injury, athletes across a variety of sports, including football, ba

61、sketball and hockey, have healthier brains than nonathletes.The researchers examined the brain health of 495 Northwestern student athletes and 493 citizens.They delivered speech syllables to study the participants through earbuds (耳塞) and recorded the brains activity with scalp electrodes (头皮电极).The

62、y analyzed the ratio of background noise to the response to the speech sounds by looking at how the response to sound was relative to the background noise.Athletes have a better ability to diminish background electrical noise in their brain to better process external sounds, such as a teammate yelli

63、ng or a coach calling to them from the sidelines.“No one would argue against the fact that sports lead to better physical fitness, but we dont always connect brain fitness with sports，” said Senior author and professor Nina Kraus.He likens (比喻) the phenomenon to listening to a DJ on the radio.“Think

64、 of background electrical noise in the brain like static (天电干扰)on the radio，” Kraus said.“There are two ways to hear the DJ better minimize the static or increase the DJs voice.We found that athletes brains use the first way to hear the DJ better.A serious commitment to physical activity is benefici

65、al to the nervous system, and perhaps, if you have a healthier nervous system, you may be able to better handle injury or other health problems.”“The findings could motivate athletic interventions for those who struggle with hearing processing.In particular, playing sports may offset(抵消) the excessi

66、vely noisy brains often found in children from lowincome areas，” Kraus said.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，在没有受伤的情况下，运动员比常人拥有更健康的大脑。8Whats new about contact sports in NUs study?AThe physical fitness sports bring.BThe potential risk of sports to athletes.CThe influence of sports on athletes attention.DThe ways t

67、o help athletes avoid injuries during sports.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第二段的实验结果和第三段内容可知，运动员的大脑比常人的更健康，注意力更集中。9What does the underlined word “diminish” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?ABring down.BMake use of.CTake in. DPay attention to.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据本段中的“to better process external sounds, such as a teammate yelling

68、or a coach calling to them from the sidelines”可知，运动员能更好地排除外界噪音的干扰，故diminish和bring down的意思接近。10Why does Kraus talk about listening to a DJ on the radio in Paragraph 4?ATo show the statics effects on ordinary people.BTo prove the importance of decreasing the noise.CTo encourage people to listen to the

69、 radio more.DTo stress the special ability of athletes brains.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第四段中的“No one would argue against the fact that sports lead to better physical fitness, but we dont always connect brain fitness with sports”以及接下来的例子可知，Kraus谈到听DJ是为了更好地解释说明运动员大脑的特殊能力。11What may be the significance of the study

70、s findings?AReminding athletes to listen to what their teammates say carefully.BEncouraging people with hearing problems to exercise more.CMotivating athletes to help each other while competing.DProtecting those who usually get injured in sports.解析：选B细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The findings could motivate athlet

71、ic interventions for those who struggle with hearing processing.”可知，该研究结果将更加激励听力有问题的人们参加体育运动。DEveryone knows that to help lessen the ongoing climate crisis, we need to plant new trees.A paper recently published in Science predicts that our Earth could support an additional 9，000，000 sq km of forest,

72、 potentially hosting 500 billion trees that are able to absorb more than 200 billion tons of CO2.It would be a serious help.The Earths land is 149，000，000 sq km.According to our study, when we take out glaciers and deserts, we are left with 104，000，000 sq km.When we further take out cities, freshwat

73、er, forests, etc., we finally get 51，000，000 sq km of arable (适于耕种的)land badly needed to feed 7.5 billion human beings.Very few people are aware of the great complexity of the whole system.“Widespread use at the scale of millions of square kilometers globally of treeplanting and bioenergy crops (用于制

74、造生物能源的农作物)planting，” reads an IPCC report, “could have potentially bad consequences for food security and land degradation (退化).” In other words, more widespread monoculture(单一栽培)and more bioenergy crops could degrade soil.Bioenergy now has a 50 per cent share of the worlds renewable energy consumpt

75、ion, according to expert Fatih Birols words: “as much as wind, solar and all others combined”Its good news, but not entirely.One reason is that rising ocean levels and deserts spreading are taking away more arable land.So we arrive at a tough choice.Should we use our spare soil for agriculture, refo

76、restation or bioenergy?Firstly, when planning to use lots of spare land to grow trees, we should notice that last year, 36，000 sq km of forest was cut down.So wouldnt it be better to start by stopping cutting down forests altogether? Besides, animal farming takes up 77 per cent of the worlds arable

77、land and provides us with 18 per cent of the calories.Shouldnt we globally cut back on meat consumption? Lastly, modern bioenergy, which is made from nonfoodcrops, is already available.Shouldnt we avoid firstgeneration biofuels, which are obtained from food crops?语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者认为不能一味地把大片的可利用的土地用来植

78、树造林和种植(用来制造生物能源的)作物。12What does the Science paper predict?APeople will be more active in planting trees.BThe climate change will lessen in the future.CLarge quantities of trees can help handle CO2.DTrees will play a much bigger role in our daily life.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段的“A paper recently published .abs

79、orb more than 200 billion tons of CO2.”可知，杂志上的报告预测：大量的树木可以帮助解决二氧化碳的问题。13What are the figures in Paragraph 2 mainly intended to show?AHumans face a freshwater crisis.BThe Earths land has various functions.CForests take up a small part of the Earths land.D.The arable land is hard to feed the worlds po

80、pulation解析：选D段落大意题。根据第二段的“take out cities .badly needed to feed 7.5 billion human beings.”可知，这些数字是用来说明适于耕作的土地面积有限，很难养活现在世界上所有的人口。14What can be inferred from the IPCC report?APlanting trees benefits bioenergy crops.BMore land can be used for growing bioenergy crops.CThe condition of plenty of land ha

81、s been improved.DLarge scale of treeplanting may be a doubleedged sword.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段的“Widespread use .of treeplanting .land degradation(退化).”可知，用大面积的土地来植树造林，一方面可能影响耕地面积，从而影响粮食安全，另一方面可能会引起土壤退化，故大规模的植树造林虽有利于二氧化碳的减少，但也有缺点。15Whats the last paragraph mainly about?AHow to properly use our spare soil.B

82、How to produce more trees and biofuels.C.Why to protect our environment.DWhat to know about our role in nature.解析：选A段落大意题。通读最后一段可知，本段主要讲的是作者给出的如何合理使用适于耕种土地的建议。.阅读七选五Social psychologys roots were laid in the late 1800s of Europe.Social psychology became a distinct discipline in the 1920s. 16 He was c

83、alled the “father” of the discipline. 17 Social psychology studies peoples attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.It also examines interpersonal interaction, analyzing the way in which someone interacts with other people.It also examines cultural influences like advertisements, books, films, television,

84、and radio.Social psychologists like to use empirical (以实验为依据的)methods to conduct studies in their fields.These methods often involve experiments which can bring up complex ethical (伦理的) problems.One of the most infamous social psychology experiments was the Stanford Prison Experiment. 18 To avoid a

85、repeat of such questionable experiments, social psychologists rely on the efforts of ethics committees to ensure that their work is ethically allowable.The study of social psychology is significant.It can explain how groups make decisions, which social conditions can lead to improper behavior, etc.A

86、nd social psychologists are constantly learning more about the science behind human interactions. 19 If you want to learn more about this field of psychology, you may be able to take an introductory course at a local college in your area. 20 Once you start studying the discipline, try to be devoted

87、to it!AOr you may give lectures on this field.BSocial psychology deals with a wide range of areas.CIt was shut down at last because it got out of control.DOne of the major influences in the field was Kurt Lewin.ESo social psychology is a discipline thats beneficial to humans.FZimbardo is also a very

88、 famous social psychologist in the world.GYou can also consult your library for some published texts on the subject.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社会心理学这门课程。16选D此空设于段中，与下文存在指代关系。下文中的He指代D选项中的Kurt Lewin。17选B此空设于段首，是本段主题句。下文主要介绍的是心理学研究的范围广，故选B项。18选C此空设于段中，与上文存在指代关系。C选项中的It指代上文中的 the Stanford Prison Experiment。19选E此空设于段尾，对本段内容作出总结：心理学是一门很有益于人类的学科。20选G此空设于段中，与上文存在并列关系，给读者介绍了了解心理学的另一种途径。