Unit 4 A good read （重点词汇 重点知识梳理 语法梳理 重点短语） 2020-2021学年牛津译林版英语八年级下册周末讲义.docx

1、8B Unit 4 周末复习学案重点词汇+重点知识梳理+语法梳理+重点短语【重点词汇梳理】1. French adj. 法国的_ (法国)2. writer n. 作家_ (动词)3. tie vt. 捆，绑_ (现在分词)_ (过去式)_ (过去分词)4. stomach n. 腹部；胃_ (复数)5. manage vt.&vi. 设法完成；管理_ (名词)6. success n. 成功_ (形容词)_ (副词) _ (动词)7. translate vt.&vi. 翻译_ (名词)8. Canadian adj. 加拿大的_ (加拿大)9. cook v. (n.)烹饪10. sell

2、 v. (n.)销售量(复数)11. Canada n. (adj.)加拿大的12. confident adj. (n.)信心13. advise v. (n.)14. able adj. (反义词)不能的15. hide v. (adj.)隐藏的16. library n. (n.)图书管理员17. copy n. (复数)18. Germany n. (n.& adj.) 德语;德国人;德国的 (复数)德国人19. ugly adj. (比较级) (最高级)20. experience n. (adj.)有经验的21. touch v. (第三人称单数)22. know v. (n.)知

3、识答案：1.France 2.write 3.tying;tied;tied 4. stomachs 5.manager 6. successful ; successfully; succeed 7.translation 8.Canada 9.cooking 10.sales 11. Canadian 12.confidence 13.advice 14. unable 15.hidden 16. librarian 17.copies 18.German; Germans 19.uglier;ugliest 20.experienced 21. touches 22. knowledge

4、【重点知识梳理】【词汇1】read1)作v. 阅读 常见搭配：read newspapers/ magazines/ stories/ novels/ playse.g.: Ill take these papers home and read them.作 n. 读物e.g.: The latest novel is a good read.【词汇 2】Germany【用法】Germany名词，意为“德国”。German作形容词，意为“德国（人）的”，作名词，意为“德国人”。常见的国家名称和某国人的单复数形式：国家名称 某国人单数 某国人复数GermanyGerman GermansAmer

5、ica American AmericansAustralia Australian AustraliansCanada Canadian CanadiansFrance Frenchman FrenchmenFrenchwoman FrenchwomenEngland Englishman EnglishmenEnglishwoman EnglishwomenChina Chinese ChineseJapan Japanese Japanese法国人、英国人复数形式是将a改为e，而德国人复数形式并不是将a改为e，中国人、日本人单复数形式相同。练一练：1. Our new English t

6、eacher comes from a small _(Canada) town. Canadian2. Many foreigners came to our school last week, including three _ and four _A. German; American B. Germans; American C. Germans; AmericansD. German; Americans 3. (2019南通)Sandy is _ Australian girl. She came to China for travelling with her parents l

7、ast week. A. a B. an C. the D. / 4. My best friend comes from _， but now he lives in _A. Japan; England B. Japanese; England C. Japan; English D. Japanese; English【词汇 3】stomach【用法】stomach意为“腹部，胃”，虽然是以ch结尾，但是由于“ch”是发/k/音，所以其复数形式是在词尾直接加“-s”。如：E.g.The stomachs of starving people often distend.饥民的腹部常鼓得大

8、大的。【词汇 4】knowledge【用法】 n. 知识；学问；了解医学知识 medical knowledge科学知识scientific knowledgee.g.Knowledge is power.He has a wide knoeledge of painting and music.【拓展】据某人所知to ones knowledge 常识 common/public knowledge 被某人知道，被某人获悉 It has come to ones knowledge【知识点1】Have you decided what to do with these books Hobo?

9、 霍波，你已决定怎样处理这些书了吗?【用法】1）decide此处用作及物动词，意为“决定”，后跟名词、代词、动词不定式或从句等。e.g. The manager decided to teach them about finding real solutions to problems.Lets first decide where we should go.咱们先决定应该去什么地方。decide的名词形式是decision，意为“决定”。make a decision（to do sth.）意为“做决定（做某事）”。E.g. I want to think about it carefull

10、y before I make a decision.2）do with意为“处理；处置；对待”，常与疑问词 what 连用。E.g. You need to know what to do with your anger.你需要知道如何处理你的愤怒。【拓展】do with的同义词组是deal with，但deal with常与疑问词how连用。 e.g.I dont know what to do with my old bike.=I dont know how to deal with my old bike.注意：what to do / how to do it【知识点2】I did

11、nt know you liked books!我原来不知道你喜欢书! 【用法】此句是一个含有宾语从句（you liked books）的主从复合句。宾语从句是指在复合句中充当宾语的句子。That 引导宾语从句时，无实际意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，常可省略。宾语从句要注意三要素：1）宾语从句的引导词：当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that 引导，that常可省略。I know that the boy is from Japan.我知道那个男孩来自日本。当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，用if或whether引导。 I want to know if he will come back tomorrow.

12、我想知道他明天是否会回来。当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，用疑问词引导。 He didnt know when his mother was born. 他不知道他的母亲是什么时候出生的。2）宾语从句的语序：宾语从句一定要用陈述语序，注意当引导词作主语时不用改变语序。E.g.你能告诉我他昨晚待在哪里吗?()Can you tell me where he stayed last night?()Can you tell me where did he stay last night?注意：Do you know whats the matter with him? What 在句中作主语，语序不变。

13、3）宾语从句的时态：主现从随意，主过从必过，客观事实和真理除外。e.g,He said he was playing games at that time.他说他那时正在玩游戏。当宾语从句是客观真理或事实时，用现在时态。 e.g.Our teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. 老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。【知识点 3】I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge.我必须用它们够到冰箱上的盒子。【用法】reach此处用作及物动词，意为“能伸到；伸手够得着”。 e.g.I can

14、t reach the to shelf.我够不到最上面的架子。【拓展】reach作及物动词，还意为“到达，抵达”，后面跟表示地点的名词。They reached London(=get to=arrive in) last night.他们昨天晚上到达了伦敦。注意：当后面没有地点时，只能用arrive。【知识点 4】After our ship crashed against the rocks,I swam as far as I could. 当我们的船撞到礁石损坏之后，我奋力前游。【用法】1）crash 作v.意为“碰撞，撞击” crash sth. crash into sth.E.

15、g.He crashed his car into a wall.【拓展】作n. 碰撞；撞车；碰撞声E.g. The tree fell with a great crash.那棵树哗啦一声倒了。2）against prep撞击，碰着，与相撞；紧靠；倚靠E.g.I pushed against the door and the door opened at last.Put the piano there,against the wall.（The piano leans against the wall.）The rain beat against the windows.相反；反对；违反；

16、违背；逆E.g.We all should fight against evil.Thats against the law.逆行，逆方向，对着；跟反方向：E.g. Dont drive against the traffic.3）as as sb. can/ could= as as possible 尽某人最大努力/ 尽可能as as之间可以是副词，也可以是形容词。I open the door as soon as I can. = I open the door as soon as possible.【知识点 5】 By the time I finally felt the lan

17、d under my feet，I was tired out.等到我终于感觉到脚下的陆地时，我已筋疲力尽。【用法】1）by the time通常引导时间状语从句，表示“到的时候”，主句表示的动作或事情在从句表示的时间之前已完成。从句用一般过去时，主句通常用过去完成时。e.g.By the time I got home, they had already left. By the time I got to the station, the train had already gone. 【注意】如果主句的谓语是be动词或者是像know等表示认知的持续性动词，则往往用一般过去时，不用完成时。

18、练一练：By the time he went abroad,he (be)fourteen.wasBy the time I came in, Tom _(write) his name on the blackboard.had written2）be tired out意为“筋疲力尽”。e.g.He was tired out after His long trip to Paris.【拓展】be tired of意为“对感到厌烦，厌倦”。 e.g.Im tired of listening to these words.这些话我都听腻了。【知识点 6】 I woke up as the

19、 sun was rising, but I found I could not move. 当太阳升起时我醒了过来，但我发现我动不了了。【用法】1）wake up此处意为“醒来”，表示自行醒来，此时后面不加宾语；还可意为“把叫醒”，此时后接宾语，若宾语为代词，则要放在wake和up中间。 e.g.I usually wake up at six in the morning.我通常早上 6点醒来。2）as连词，意为“当的时候”，引导时间状语从句。e.g.As time goes on, he knows his students.随着时间的推移，他了解他的学生。【拓展】as 作连词，还可意为

20、“因为，由于”，引导原因状语从句。e.g.As you were out,I left a note.因为你不在，我留了一张便条。辨析 as，when与while此三者都可引导时间状语从句，但用法不同。as，引导的从句中谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词，主从句所述动作同时发生，意为“一边一边”。E.g.As he looked, a man came near.正当他看的时候，一名男子走上前来。when，引导的从句中谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词，主从句所述动作可同时发生，也可先后发生。E.g.I went to bed when I finished my ho

21、mework.做完作业，我就去睡觉了。while，引导的从句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词，多表示主从句动作同时发生，也可表示对比。E.g.Please write while I read.我读的时候请写一写。3）rise（rose，risen，rising）不及物动词，意为“（太阳、月亮、星星等）升起，上升”。E.g.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。辨析rise与raiserise（rose，risen，rising）上升，升起，增加不及物动词，后面不直接接宾语，无被动语态，主语通常是物，主要指日、月、星等的升起，潮水

22、的上涨，温度的上升，物价上涨等不可人为控制的情况。Raise(raised,raised,raising)举起，增加，提升。筹集，养育及物动词，后面直接跟宾语，主语常是人，指人为可控的上涨。e.g.The temperature is rising.温度在升高。 He raised his hand and then put down.他把手举起来然后又放下了。【知识点 7】It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face. ( P50 )它向上爬过我的腹部和脖子，直到站在我的脸附近。【用法】1）un

23、til 为连词,意为“直到为止”,表示某一种行为一直持续到某一时间,用于肯定句中,句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。e.g.The bad weather may last until Friday.这种恶劣的天气可能要持续到星期五。2） until后面的从句中不能用一般将来时，应该用一般现在时代替，即“主将从现”。e.g.He will stay here until his mother comes back.【拓展】 notuntil意为“直到才”,表示直到某一时间,某一行为才发生。until用于否定句中,主句的谓语动词通常是短暂性动词。I didnt begin to watch TV

24、until my mother came back.直到妈妈回来,我才开始看电视。 练一练Time waits for no man. But some people won t realize the importance of time it s gone.A.as B.since C.when D.until【解析】考查固定句型。句意:时间不等人。但是有些人直到时间过去了才意识到它的重要性。notuntil意为“直到才”。由题意可知选D。 _ will the discussion last? _ we reach an agreement.A. How long; Not until

25、B. When; Not until C. How long; Until D. When; Until【知识点 8】He was the same size as my little finger! 他不过小手指那么点大!【用法】same size as.意为“和一样尺寸，与样大小”。My mothers shoes are the same size as mine.我妈妈的鞋和我的鞋号码相同。【拓展】the same as意为“和一样”。My uniform is the same as Simons.我的校服与西蒙的（校服）相同。the same.as.意为“和一样”。My coat

26、is the same colour as yours.我的外套和你的颜色相同【知识点 9】I did not know what to say either.我也不知道说什么。【用法】辨析 also，too，as well与either“也”also，as well，too用于肯定句，also常用于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前；as well，too用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。e.g.He went there too.We didnt go there either.I like you as well.You are also a good studen

27、t.【知识点 10】I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes.(P51)我试图空出一只手，最后设法解开了绳子。【用法】1）manage to do sth.意为“设法做某事”，更倾向于做成某事，与succeed in doing sth.同义2）try to do sth.倾向于努力做某事，有没有成功不确定。e.g.I managed to see the writer.我设法见到了那个作家.【知识点 11】The first Harry Potter book was a great succes

28、s in the very beginning.(P58)在一开始，哈利波特第一本书获得了巨大的成功。【用法】1）success 不可数名词，意为“ 成功（抽象意义）”，可数名词，意为“ 成功的人或者事”e.g.He is a great success as a writer.Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。【拓展】 vt.succeed用法：succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事。=do sth. successfullye.g.She succeeded in swimming across the river. adj

29、. successful成功的E.g.My uncle is a successful businessman.我的叔叔是一位成功的商人。 adv. successfully成功地E.g.If you work hard,you will get it successfully.如果你努力工作，你就会取得成功。2）in the beginning 在一开始常单独使用，放在句子的开头E.g.In the beginning, he wasnt a boss.注意：at the beginning后常加of E.g.At the beginning of the meeting, they san

30、g a song together.相同的用法还有end in the end& at the end of【知识点 12】all the British publishing houses refused to publish it 所有的英国出版社都拒绝出版它【用法】1）refuse及物动词，意为“拒绝”，其常用搭配有：refuse + 名词/代词，意为“拒绝”。 e.g.He refused my help.他拒绝了我的帮助。refuse to do sth.意为“拒绝做某事”。 e.g.He refused to accept my invitation.他拒绝接受我的邀请。refus

31、e sb. sth.意为“拒绝某人某物”。 e.g.She cant refuse him anything.她不能拒绝他任何事情。【知识点 13】I also want to travel and have exciting experiences in the future.将来我也想去旅行并有令人兴奋的经历。【用法】1）experience此处用作可数名词，意为“经历”。e.g.Im looking forward to experiencing many interesting things.我期待着经历很多有趣的事情。2）experience还可用作不可数名词，意为“经验”。表示做某

32、事的经验时，其后常接in/of doing sth.。e.g.Mr Wu has so much experience in teaching.王老师在教学方面有如此多的经验。3）experience还可作及物动词，意为“体验；经历”。e.g.The girl has never experienced sadness.这个女孩从未体验过悲伤。【拓展】experienced形容词，意为“有经验的”。 e.g.My father is an experienced teacher.我父亲是一个有经验的教师。2）in the future意为“将来”，表示较远的将来。 I will be a do

33、ctor in the future.将来我会当一名医生。拓展in future 意为“今后”，指从现在起以后的时间，相当于from now on。Dont be late in future.以后不要迟到了。【Grammar 梳理】 特殊疑问词动词不定式(教材P54 Grammar) 1. “特殊疑问词动词不定式”的结构相当于一个名词，在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语和同位语等成分。大部分特殊疑问词可用于该结构，如when, how, which, where, who等。注意：疑问词why不能用于该结构。如：Where to go is still a question. 去哪里仍

34、然是个问题。(作主语；作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式) I know where to find the boy. 我知道哪里能找到这个男孩。(作动词know的宾语) The question is how to learn English well. 问题是怎样学好英语。(作表语) 2. “特殊疑问词动词不定式”的结构经常用在某些动词(短语)后面作宾语，常见的有tell, show, know, learn, teach, forget, wonder, remember, find out等。如： Ill show you how to do it.我会向你展示如何做它(这件事)。 Tha

35、nk you.谢谢。“特殊疑问词动词不定式”的结构还可以用在be sure, be clear等后面作宾语。如：Im not sure when to leave. 我不确定何时离开。 3. “特殊疑问词动词不定式”结构可以把复合句转换为简单句。如：I dont know what Ill do next. I dont know what to do next. 我不知道下一步做什么。4. “特殊疑问词动词不定式”的结构可以独立成句。如：What to do? 做什么？ How to get rid of the trouble? 如何摆脱困境？【重点短语梳理】1.处理;对付2.被绑在地上3

36、.将某物还给某人 4.朝某人大喊5.筋疲力尽6.醒来7.和尺寸一样8.向下看9.爬过某人的全身10. 摔倒11.继续移动12.设法完成某事13.一大群14.朝某人径直走过来15.建议某人做某事16.上交;提交17.碰撞上岩石18.自学19.准时;按时20.开启; 开创; 开辟21.拒绝做某事22.到目前为止23.巨大的成功24.把翻译成25.每次,依次26.另一方面27.等等28.不能做某事答案：1. do with2. be tied to the ground3. return sb sth /return sth to sb4. shout at sb5. be tired out6.

37、wake up7. the same size as8. look down9. climb all over sb10. fall over11. continue moving12. manage to do sth13. a huge army of14. come straight towards sb15. advise sb to do sth16. hand in17. crash against the rocks18. teach oneself19. on time20. open up21. refuse to do sth22. so far23. a great success24. translateinto25. at a time26. on the other hand27. and so on28. be unable to do sth