Unit 7 Topic 3 知识清单2019-2020学年八年级下册英语期末知识清单及训练(仁爱版).docx

1、Unit 7 Topic3知识清单一、词汇1.finely adv.细微地,美好地2.oilln.油,石油,油类vt.给(机器等)加油,上油,涂油3.pan pn n.平底锅,盘子,面板4.lady ledin.女士,夫人,小姐5.gentlemandent()lmnn.阁下,先生,绅士,男厕所,男盥洗室6.salesel n.出售,卖出,贱卖,廉价出售,销路,销售额7.for saleadv.待售8.guest est n.客人,来宾,旅客vt.招待,款待vi.作客,寄宿9.kind-heartedkand-htdadj.好心的10.menumenjun.菜单11.beer b n.啤酒12

2、.billbln.帐单,钞票,票据,广告vt.用海报宣传13.cornknn.玉米,谷物,五谷, 医鸡眼vt.腌(肉等)14.saladsld n.色拉15.lemonlemnn.柠檬adj.柠檬色的16.tofutfun.豆腐17.main course 主菜18.carrotkrt n.胡萝卜19.dessertdztn.餐后甜点20.winewann.葡萄酒,酒21.seat sit n.座,座位,所在地,场所,席位vt.使坐下22.have a seat 请坐23.job db n.工作,职位,事情v.打杂,批发,承包,欺骗24.worthwprep.相当.价值n.价值,财产adj.值

3、钱的25.efforteftn.努力,成就26.successfullysksesfliadv.顺利地,成功地27.steakstekn.(供煎,烤等的)肉,鱼,肉片,鱼片,肉排,牛排28.neatlynitliadv.整洁地,优美的,巧妙的, 酒类纯的29.regularly adv .有规律地,有规则地,整齐地,匀称地30.dietda n.通常所吃的食物,会议31.in short adv.简而言之32.not only.but (also).不仅而且33.conclusionknklu()nn.结束,缔结,结论34.educationedjkenn.教育,训导,训练,培养,教育学35.

4、developdvelpvt.发展,进步, vi.发展,发育,逐步显示出来36.lamb lm n.小羊,羔羊v.生小羊37.dislikedslakvt.讨厌,不喜欢n.嫌恶38.colakln.可乐树(其子含咖啡碱),可乐类饮料二、短语、句型归纳1.kind-hearted students 热心的学生们2.wish them success 祝他们成功3.be for sale 待售4.all the guests 所有的客人5.Thanks for coming.谢谢光临6.has a wonderful time 玩得开心7.read/have the menu 看菜单8.May I

5、 take your order? 你能点菜吗？9.a soft drink 无酒精的饮料10.a bottle of beer 一瓶啤酒11.anything else 还有其他什么12.Thank you for your order.感谢你的点单13.forty-five minutes later 45分钟后14.have/get/pay the bill 付账15.Heres your change.这是你的零钱16.prepare the dishes 准备菜肴17. wash the dishes 洗碗18. 35 dishes of fish 35盘鱼19.hold a foo

6、d festival 举办一个美食节20.order a meal by phone 通过电话点餐21.a bottle of lemon tea 一瓶柠檬茶22.at No.62 on Beisihuan Road 在北四环路62号23.send the food to you 送餐给你24.in 30 minutes 30分钟后25.have a seat 请坐26.do a better job than sb.做地比某人好27.make over 1500 yuan 赚超过1500元28.be worth the effort 值得努力29.go well 进展得好30.cook th

7、e most successfully 煮地最成功31.work hard 努力工作32.Best wishes to you.最好的祝愿给你33.a knife and fork 一副刀叉34.eat neatly 吃地整洁35.choose your snacks carefully 仔细地选择你的小吃36.have meals regularly 有规律地吃饭37.eat a healthy breakfast 吃一顿健康的早餐38.eat less for your supper 晚餐吃地少39.healthy eating 健康的饮食40.eat too much or too li

8、ttle 吃太多或者太少41.cook in a right way 正确地烹饪42.a good diet 一个好的日常饮食43.help our bones grow 帮助我们的骨骼成长44.Its said that 据报道45.not onlybut also 不仅而且三、词性转换1. gentleman复数gentlemen2. work v.工作n. U工作n. C著作，作品job n. C工作3. worth adj.值得的；有价值n.价值，财产4. neat adj.整洁的，整齐的neatly adv.5. regular adj.有规律的，定期的regularly adv.四

9、、知识点梳理Section A 1.Many different delicious foods are for sale.很多不同的味道好的事物在出售。for sale 在(减价)出售：Are these apples for sale?（这些苹果降价卖吗？）【链接】sale 出售，销售sell v.出售，卖汽车/服装的销售：the sale of cars/clothes。这本书卖的不错：The book sold well.【拓展】on sale出售，上市，减价出售所有的书元旦期间减价出售。All books are on sale on New Years Day.2. We will

10、 try to satisfy all the guests.(1) satisfy动词，使. 满意：The result of this exam satisfied her mother.(2) be satisfied with = be pleased with 对感到满意。3.Here is a table for two.A table for two 一张双人桌4. May I have the bill？我可以结账吗？have the bill = pay the bill 付账5. Heres your change. 找你零钱change(1)不可数名词，零钱(2) 动词，

11、改变短语： change ones mind 改变某人的主意 changeinto 把变成别忘了找给你的零钱。Dont forget your change.6.Lets wish them success!让我们祝愿他们成功。wish可以接双宾语，即：wish sb. sth.(1)祝你新年快乐：Wish you a happy new year. wish可接动词不定式作宾语和复合宾语,即：wish to do sth.;wish sb. to do sth.(2)我希望有一天能去爬黄山：I wish to climb Mount Huang one day.(3)我希望今晚你做饭：I w

12、ish you to cook dinner tonight.【注意】hope不能使用双宾语和复合宾语结构，因此(1)、(3)两句中的wish不能改为hope.Section B1.Could I order a meal by phone?我可以通过电话订餐吗？(1)order 定购，点（菜）e.g: He ordered a plate of fish. 他点了一盘鱼。(2)by+n./v.-ing （表示方法、手段）用；由e.g: She makes money by selling flowers. 她靠卖花赚钱。【拓展】order (1)动词，预定(2)动词，命令，order sb

13、to do sth(3)名词, 顺序Put them in the right order.2.Thats all.就这些了。3.Well send the food to you in thirty minutes.三十分钟后，我们会把食物送到。(1) send.to.把.送到.e.g. He sent the message to me yesterday.他昨天给我捎来一个消息。(2)in+ 一段时间，意为“.之后”，用于一般将来时，用How soon提问。e.g:How soon will Mr.Li come back? 李先生什么时候回来？He will come back in

14、three hours. 他三小时后回来。【拓展】after+一段时间，用于一般过去时。e.g. He came back to Beijing after three years.三年后他又回到北京。Section C1. The results were worth the effort.结果是值得鼓励的。(1) be worth + 价钱：值多少钱。如：The book is worth 20 yuan.(2) be worth (doing) sth.值得（做）某事：The book is worth reading.注意：be worth doing sth.中的动词应该是及物动词，

15、或不及物动词+介词。如：The music is worth listening to.2. Jane cooks more successfully than she/ her (does).简比她做饭更成功。在副词的比较级中，当前后的动词相同时，常用助动词代替前面相同的动词（does = cuts）,并且助动词常省略。He ran faster than her.= He runs faster than she did.（than后用主格或宾格）Section D1. The more regularly we eat, the healthier we are.(我们吃得越有规律，我们

16、就越健康)(1)“the + 比较级+,the + 比较级+.”表“越怎么样，就越怎么样。”(2) “比较级+ and + 比较级” 表“越来越”例如：The more we get together, the happier we are.(我们越多的在一起，我们就越快乐) better and better 越来越好；more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮2. Not all students have a regular breakfast.不是所有的学生都有规律的早餐。英语中的部分否定（即不完全否定）有如下一些表示方法：(1) all 的否定式：not all（或：

17、allnot）表示“并非都”、“不是所有的都例如：Not all men can be masters. (= All men cannot be masters.) 并非人人都能当头头。(2) both 的否定式：notboth (或：both not) 并非两个都例如：I dont want both the books. 我不是两本书都要(3) every的否定式：不是每都例如：Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜欢这本书。(4) always的否定式：并非总是（并非一直）例如：He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都这样悲伤。

18、(5) notand的否定式，被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。例如：He did not speak clearly and correctly.他讲得清楚但不正确。She cannot sing and dance. 她会唱歌但不会跳舞。如果将and 换成or，not 对其后面的两部分就全盘否定了。如：He did not speak clearly or correctly. 他讲的既不清楚也不正确。3.副词的比较级的句型：(1) “A+ 动词+ 副词的比较级+ than + B” 表“A做某事比B更”如：His brother worked harder than him.(2) 表

19、示“几倍于”,用“A+ 谓语+倍数+ as +形容词/副词原形+as + B”也可以用“倍数+比较级+than”来表示：This kind of plane flies twice as fast as that kind.= This kind of plane flies twice faster than that kind.(3) 表示“A不如B”常用“less + 形容词/副词原级+than”He finished the work less carefully than his brother.= He didnt finish the work as carefully as h

20、is brother.= His brother finished the work more carefully than him.Your story is less interesting than mine.= Your story is not as interesting than mine.= My story is more interesting than yours.(4) 比较级可表达最高级的含义：He runs faster than any other student in the class.(any other +单数名词；any of the other +复数

21、名词)= He runs the fastest in the class.五、语法【副词的比较级和最高级的构成】Jane cooked more successfully.I cooked the most successfully.(1) 英语中的副词通常有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级。(2) 副词比较等级的用法：a.原级：一般来说，不存在比较对象或进行同级比较时用原级。It is raining heavily outside.外边正在下大雨。同级比较：表示两者在某一方面程度相同时，用“as+副词原形+as”的句式；即：甲+谓语（行为动词）+as+副词的原级+as +乙,但表示前者不如

22、后者时，用“not so(as)+副词原形+as”的句式。如：The boys are listening as carefully as the girls. 男生们跟女生们在一样认真地听。He didnt dance so(as) well as Jim. 他跳舞没有吉姆跳得好.b.比较级：表示一方程度比另一方更高时，用“副词比较级+than”的句式。即：甲+谓语（行为动词）+副词的比较级+than +乙在这一句式中，当than前后的动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的动词。该动词或助动词可以省略。副词比较级前常用even， still ，a lot，far ，much ， a little

23、，等副词修饰。表示“更”，这也可以作为判断比较级的依据。如：I sing better than she (does). 我唱歌比她唱得好。My brother did much better in his lessons than I.我哥哥功课学得比我好多了。Who can type faster,Tom or Jack?谁打字打得更快，汤姆还是杰克？表示“越越.”时用“the +副词比较级，the +副词比较级”。如：The more regularly we eat, the healthier we are. 我们吃的越有规律，我们就越健康。“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“mo

24、re and more+原级”, 表示“越来越.”如：It is raining more and more heavily.那个男孩跑得越来越快。That boy runs faster and faster.火车开得越来越慢，最后停了下来。The train went more and more slowly,and at last it stopped.c.最高级：表示三个或三个以上的人或物的比较时，用副词最高级。结构为“the+副词最高级+比较范围。即：甲+谓语（行为动词）+副词的最高级+in/of +比较范围.其中的the常省去，比较范围常用of或in短语。如：Maria speak

25、s English (the) best in our class. 在我们班上，玛丽亚英语讲得最好。He studies (the) hardest of the three boys. 这三个男孩中，他学习最用功。【链接】副词最高级转换成比较级时，被比较的对象应用“any other +单数名词”或“the other +复数名词”，排除主语本身。如：Mark works hardest in his class.马克在班上学习最刻苦。Mark works harder than any other student in his class.马克在班上学习最刻苦。Mark works ha

26、rder than the other students in his class.马克比他班上其他学生学习刻苦。注意：有些副词没有比较级和最高级。如：特殊地specially主要地mainly非常very简单地simply【拓展】work hard中hard是副词，为什么不加ly结尾？英语中有些形容词和副词同形。如：late,hard,near,high,deep等，它们不用加ly,就可以直接使用。那么hardly,freely这些词是怎么回事呢？有些词若加了ly，就会变成意思不同的另外一个副词。如:late晚地-lately近来,hard努力地-hardly几乎不,near靠近-nearly差不多,high高地-highly高度地,deep深地-deeply程度“深”.