Unit 7　Healthy diet【速记清单】-2023-2024学年九年级英语上册单元速记•巧练（牛津沪教版）.docx

1、Unit 7 The Adventures of Tom SawyerUnit7话题冒险词汇1.adventure n. 冒险 2. novel n.小说3.congratulations n.pl. 祝贺 4.writer n.作者5.humorous adj. 幽默的 6.task n.任务7.board n. 板 8.survey v. 调查9.progress n. 进步 10.rest n.休息11.pity n. 可惜 12. silence n.沉默13.while n. 一会儿 14.careful adj.小心的15.deal n. 交易 16.celebrated adj.

2、著名的17.lazy adj. 懒惰的 18.pretend v. 假装短语1. have a rest / take a rest 休息 2. think of 想到；想起 3. warn sb (not) to do 警告某人(不要)做某事4. come along 出现；过来 5. offer sb sth/ offer sth to sb 提供某物给某人4. what a pity / what a shame 真可惜 5. with worry on ones face 面带愁容 6. go on doing 继续做 7. feel sorry about sth为某事感到抱歉6.

3、after a while 过了一会儿 7. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人去做某事8. in silence 沉默地 9. survey ones progress 查看某人的进度8. turn sth over 使.翻转 9. a novel called/named 一部名叫的小说10. trick sb. into doing 诱使某人做某事 11. pretend to do sth假装做某事12. become famous for sth因而变得有名 13. fool sb=trick sb=play a trick on sb愚弄某人14. get a

4、chance to do sth得到机会做某事 15. make a deal 达成交易 句型 1. On Saturday morning, every boy in town was happy, except Tom. 星期六早上，除了汤姆索亚，镇上的每一个男孩都很高兴。 2. Toms aunt gave him a task of painting their fence. 汤姆的阿姨交给他一项漆栅栏的任务。3. The fence was 30 yards long and 3 yards high. 这个栅栏长30码，高3码。4. He painted one board and

5、 surveyed his progress, and then he sat down to have a rest. 他刷了一块木板，然后停下来查看进展，接着就坐下来休息一会儿。 5. He knew the boys who were free would soon come along and make fun of him. 他知道那些闲着的男孩子们很快就很出现并且取笑他。 6. Im enjoying myself. Does a boy get a chance to paint a fence like this every day? 我挺开心的。别的男孩子每天都有像这样漆栅栏

6、的机会吗？7. Tom gave Ben his brush with worry on his face but joy in his heart. 汤姆面带愁容地把他的刷子给了本，但是他内心喜悦。 8. His aunt was so pleased that she gave him a big apple.他的阿姨如此高兴以至于给了他一个大苹果。9. Mark Twin first became famous for a short story he wrote in 1865. 1865年，马克吐温首次因他写的一个短篇故事而变得有名。10. The story is enjoyabl

7、e and full of fun. 这个故事是令人愉快的，并且充满乐趣。语法定语从句写作书评知识点1：词汇考点1 pretend 的用法vt. 假装，伪装; 假称; 装扮;vi. 扮演; 自称; 假装，矫作;adj. 仿制的;I pretend that things are really okay when theyre not. 当情况不好的时候我假装一切顺利。Many people pretend that they understand modern art. 许多人装着自己懂得现代艺术.考点2 lazy 的用法adj. 懒惰的; 没精打采的; 慢吞吞的;He keeps compa

8、ny with all sorts of lazy characters. 他与形形色色的懒人为伍。I was too lazy to learn how to read music. 我太懒，没有学识谱。考点3 adventure的用法n. 冒险活动; 冒险经历; 奇遇;He has adventure in his blood. 他天生具备冒险基因。But Jules was not eager for classroom learning, he hungered for adventure. 但朱尔斯对坐在课堂里学习并不热心，他渴望冒险。考点4 novel的用法n. （长篇）小说; 法

9、新法，附律;adj. 新奇的; 异常的;The scriptwriter helped him to adapt his novel for the screen. 编剧帮助他将其所著小说改编成电影。She had begun to be a little bored with novel writing. 她开始对写小说有些厌倦了。考点5 celebrated 的用法adj. 有名的，著名的;v. 庆祝，庆贺（“celebrate“的过去式和过去分词）He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England. 不久他就成

10、了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。He and Helen celebrated their silver wedding last year. 他和海伦去年庆祝了他们的银婚。考点6 yards 的用法n. 院子( yard的名词复数 ); 码（等于3英尺或36英寸或0.9144米）My neighbors are planting carrots and broccolis in their yard.我的邻居在他们的后院里种胡萝卜和西蓝花。The fish stayed 50 yards offshore, well out of range. 这种鱼生活在离岸50码的地方，完全钓不到。考点

11、7 progress的用法n. 进步; 前进; 生物学进化; （向更高方向）增长;v. （使）进步，（使）进行; 发展; 促进;vi. 发展; （向更高方向）增进;His remedial teacher sees signs of progress in his reading and writing. 他的辅导教师发现了他在阅读和写作方面进步的迹象。Social progress is normally a matter of struggles and conflicts. 社会进步通常是斗争和冲突的结果。考点8 deal的用法vt. 牌戏分; 分配; 经营; 施予;n. 交易; 许多;

12、 待遇; 发牌;vi. 论述; （有效地或成功地）处理; 惩处; 交易;The deal seems so attractive it would be ridiculous to say no. 这笔交易看上去太诱人了，要是拒绝它简直是笑话。Overcrowding has taxed the citys ability to deal with waste. 人口过多使得城市的垃圾处理能力达到了极限。 衍生：dealer: n. 商人; 发牌人，庄家; 以某种方式待人的人; 经销商;e.g. casino dealer赌桌上的庄家、drug dealer毒品贩子、second-hand c

13、ars dealer 二手车经销商 衍生：常用短语：No big deal=没什么大不了的E.g. there is no big deal so no need to be worried.这都不是什么事儿，别瞎操心。知识点2：短语考点1 have a rest的用法休息一下; 歇;Once this is all over and done with you can have a rest. 大功告成后你就可以休息了。We advised him to have a rest, but he simply wouldnt hear of it. 我们劝他休息, 他怎么也不依.考点2 com

14、e along的用法一起向前走; 到来; 快点; 进步;The corn will come along better if it rains. 如果下雨,玉米会长得更好.Come along or well miss the train. 快点,不然就会赶不上火车.She always thinks some guy is going to come along and fix her life. 她总是认为，会有某个男人来到她的身边，把她的生活安排得井井有条。考点3 think of的用法考虑; 想起; 有想法; 对有意见;Gambling? I cant think of a worse

15、 way to spend my time. 赌博？我想不出更糟的消磨时间的办法。We usually think of a victim of mugging as being someone elderly. 我们通常以为被拦路抢劫的受害者是老年人。考点4 what a pity 的用法太遗憾了;What a pity you couldnt come here yesterday! 昨天你不能来,这真是件憾事!What a pity to see all that food going to waste. 那麽多食物都浪费了,看著觉得可惜.What a pity it is we did

16、nt know each other sooner. 可惜的是我们为什么不早一点认识呢?考点5 turn sth. over的用法移交; （使）翻转; 变换（电视频道）; 仔细考虑;The scandal took a new turn over the weekend. 周末时丑闻有了新的发展。Parliamentarians were eager to turn over responsibility for the decision. 经验老到的议员急于把作决策的责任推卸给他人。Whenever hes on TV, I turn over. 只要在电视上见到他，我都会换台。考点6 ma

17、ke fun of的用法嘲弄， 取笑; 开玩笑; 排调; 调笑;It was miserable of you to make fun of him. 你取笑他,这是可耻的.I regret that i have made fun of her dress and imitated her speech. 我后悔自己拿她的衣着开玩笑，并模仿她说话。考点7 go on doing 的用法继续做;Ive survived till now, and will go on doing so without help from you. 我一直努力活到了现在，而且没有你的帮助也能继续活下去。Go o

18、n doing the exercise after a short rest. 休息一会儿之后,我们继续做练习.考点8 after a while的用法不久，过一会儿; 不一会儿;After a while that sort of thing dents your confidence. 那种事情过上一段时间就会挫伤信心。Mary and Joan quarreled, but made up after a while. 玛丽和琼吵架, 但一会儿就和好了.考点9 in silence的用法安静地，无声地;We looked at each other in silence. 我们相顾无言

19、。We should not pass over this disgraceful affair in silence. 我们不应对这件可耻的事保持缄默。知识点3：句型1. What a pity!感叹句: what+a/an+可数名词单数pity名词，意为：可惜，遗憾Thepityis thatyou arenotaprophet.It is a great pity that all students in the city cannot have the same chances.【拓展】 pity还可做不可谓数名词，意为：怜悯，同情心take pity on sb.同情某人I felt

20、 pity for the poor old man.2. Does a boy get a chance to paint a fence like this every day?chance此处用作名词：机会,可能性take a chance 冒险，碰运气have/get a chanceto do sth. 有机会做某事Donttakeachancetocheatintheexam.Youreallyneverknow waht will happen.You havetotakeachance!3. After a while, he said, “Tom, will you let

21、me do some painting?”while 在此处用作名词，意为：一会儿，一段时间Lets have a rest for a while.He was married a little while ago. 典例分析例题1：( ) . I read a novel yesterday, and its about the experiences of a soldier.A. wonderful play B. long poem C. long written story【答案】 C【解析】novel“小说”，选择C。play “戏剧”poem“诗歌”。例题2：( ) When

22、did people come along on Earth?A. disappear B. stay up C. Appear【答案】 C【解析】come alone “出现”；disappear“消失”；appear“出现”。所以选择C。例题3：( ) . He is really annoying because he always makes fun of others.A. laughs at B. lies to C. helps with【答案】 【解析】make fun of “取笑”；laugh at “嘲笑“；help with”帮助某人做某事”定语从句一、基本概念1. 定

23、义： 修饰限制某一名词或代词的句子为定语从句。一般翻译为:“的”。2. 先行词：被修饰的名词或代词为先行词。位置： 放在被修饰名词或代词的后面。3. 关系词：定语从句必须有一个关系词引导，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两类，但关系代词作宾语时可以省去。位置： 放在被修饰名词或代词的后面。二、基本分类定语从句分为限定性和非限定性定语从句.1限定性定语从句用于修饰和限定先行词,与先行词之间的关系非常密切,它所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或东西,如果删去,则剩下的部分意思就会含混不清。在限定性定语从句之前,不用任何标点。译成汉语时,通常从句的末尾有“的”字，并放在它所限制的名词前面。This

24、is the man who gave me this book. 这就是给我这本书的人。 批注：上述从句who gave me this book不能删去，若删去则成了This is the man.（这是那个人。）完全失去了句子的完整意思。2在意义上，非限定性定语从句是先行词的一个附加修饰语，对先行词只起进一步说明的作用，有时对于主句做进一步说明，如果删掉它，不影响整个句子的基本意思，因此通常用逗号把它和其它句子分开。译成汉语时，一般用并列句表达，或单独译成一句话。Li Ming, who is in the room, wants to ask you some questions. 李

25、明在屋子里，他想问你几个问题。 批注：上述主句是Li Ming wants to ask you some questions.定语从句为who is in the room, 如果删去从句不影响句子意思。三、用法详解 关系代词部分关系代词先行词在从句中的成分who人主语/宾语whom人宾语which物主语/宾语whose人/ 物定语that人/ 物主语/宾语/表语as人/ 物主语/宾语/表语1、who 代替人在定语从句中作主语或宾语1 The man will succeed. He has a positive attitude.The man who has a positive att

26、itude will succeed.练习：用定语从句连成一个句子2 The girl is a singer. The girl is sitting in the corner.答案：The girl who is sitting in the corner is a singer.3 He is the man. He wants to speak to you.答案：He is the man who wants to speak to you.Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance

27、of having heart disease than those _ dont. 2006年（北京卷） A. who; 不填B. 不填; whoC. who; who D. 不填; 不填【解析】先行词Women在句中作主语，而且those后面的关系代词也是做主语，应选【C】2、whom代替人在定语从句中作宾语,作宾语时whom可以省略1 This is the person. I talked to the person just now.This is the person whom I talked to just now.或者：This is the person to whom I

28、 talked just now.练习：用定语从句连成一个句子2 I have many friends. I send postcards to my friends before their birthday.答案：I have many friends whom I send postcards to before their birthday.或者：I have many friends to whom I send postcards before their birthday.We saw several natives advancing towards our party, a

29、nd one of them came up to us _we gave some bells and glasses. 2006年（湖南卷）A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which 【答案】 B【解析】按题意先行词them在句中作give sth to sb结构作介词的宾语,应选【B】。3、which指代物,在定语从句中既可作主语也可作宾语，作宾语时which可省略1 Thinking is the key. The key opens the doors of the world.Thinking is the key which

30、 opens the doors of the world.练习：用定语从句连成一个句子2 Dont expect people to do things. You wouldnt do the things yourself.答案：Dont expect people to do things which you wouldnt do yourself.3 This is the hotel. You will stay in this hotel.答案：This is the hotel in which you will stay.或者: This is the hotel (which

31、/that) you will stay in. I saw a woman running towards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _ she had come. 2006年（重庆卷）A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which 【答案】 D【解析】按题意先行词the direction用在come (from) 后构成(from) the direction在句中作方式状语，应填from

32、 which。【D】4、whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物1 I saw a woman. Her bag was stolen. I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.练习：用定语从句连成一个句子2 Ill call a person. His/her father knows you.答案：Ill call a person whose father knows you.3 Which is the car? Its owner you know.答案：Which is the car whose owner you know?The man

33、_ coat is black is waiting at the gate.A. whos B. whose C. that D. of which【答案】 B【解析】穿黑色外套的那个男人正在门口等，按照题意，应该选的关系词可以表达“他的”外套，故选【B】5、that只能用在限定性定语从句中，在非限定性定语从句中永远不能用that，另外介词后面不能跟that，而跟which1 The money is in the wallet. The wallet is mine.The money that/which is in the wallet is mine.练习：用定语从句连成一个句子2

34、The man and the horse fell into the river. They were drowned.答案：The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned.提示：that可以代替人，也可以代替物 (人+物)+that (序数词/最高级)+先行词+thateverything/anything/nothing/all much/little + that(no/little/few/any)+先行词+thatThe most important thing _ we should pay attentio

35、n to is the first thing _ I have said.A. which, that B. that, which C. which, which D. that, that【答案】 D【解析】先行词前有序数词， 最高级时，引导次只能用 that. 应选【D】.6、as一般用于非限定性定语从句中1 As everybody knows, Taiwan belongs to China.2 As is known to us, Taiwan belongs to China.Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she

36、had shot at Canada, this was a memory she especially treasured. 2006年（广东卷） A. as B. if C. when D. where【答案】 A【解析】先行词是指整个主句的内容, 但是它在从句中不充当任何成分，故该句型不属定语从句，应为原因状语从句。本题考察了定语从句与原因状语从句的区别。【A】关系副词部分关系副词先行词在从句中的成分when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语1、when可用in/on/at/during + which代替1 I still remember the day. I fi

37、rst met him on the day. I still remember the day when I first met him.或者I still remember the day on which I first met him.练习：用定语从句连成一个句子2 He came at a time. We needed help at this time.答案：He came at a time when we needed help.或者：He came at a time which/that/可省略 we needed help at.I can never forget t

38、he day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when【答案】 A【解析】两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句. 【A】2、where可用in/on/at/to + which代替1 America is a country.

39、I was born in this country. America is the country where I was born.或者：America is the country in which I was born.练习：用定语从句连成一个句子2 This is the house. I was born in the house.答案：This is the house where I was born.-Mom, what did your doctor say? -He advised me to live _the air is fresher. 2006年 (四川卷) A

40、. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where 【答案】 D【解析】先行词在句中无法找到, 故该句型不属定语从句,应为地点状语从句。本题考察了定语从句与地点状语从句的区别。【D】3、why一般用在the reason后面1 The reason why Im calling you is to invite you to a party.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill.A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; that D. for which; what【答案】 A【解析】The reason why was that.已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。【A】