Unit 8 Topic 2 知识清单2019-2020学年八年级下册英语期末知识清单及训练(仁爱版).docx

1、Unit 8 Topic2知识清单一、词汇1.depend vi dpend 依靠, 依赖2.depend onv.依靠, 依赖3.discipline dspln n.纪律, 学科 v.训练4.survey sve n.测量, 调查, 视察 v.调查, 勘定, 审视5.interview vt ntvju 接见, 会见 n.接见, 会见6.plain plen n.平原, 草原 adj.简单的 adv.清楚地 n.无格式7.plain clothes便衣，便服8.carry out v.完成, 实现, 贯彻, 执行9.gatekeepergetkip n. 看门人10.suit v sut

2、合适,适合, 相配, 合式, 适宜于n.一套衣服11.attendant tendnt n.服务员12.take offv. tek/f 拿掉, 取消, 脱衣, 起飞, 复制13.entervt ent 进入,参加, 登录 vi.进去, 参加 n.输入, 回车14.kneeni n.膝, 膝盖15.occasion ken n.场合, 时机, 机会16.correctly adv.恰当地, 正确地17.text tekstn.正文, 原文, 课文, 课本18.reason riz()n n.理由, 原因, 动机, 理智 v.说服, 推论19.firefightern. 消防队员20.heat

3、hitn.热烈, 高潮, 压力 v.加热, 发怒21.ceilingsil n.天花板, 最高限度22.soldier sld n.士兵, 军人23.officialf()l n.官员, 公务员 adj.职务上的, 官方的, 正式的24.airport ept n.小型民用机场, 私人飞机降落场25.officer fs n.政府官员, 军官, 警官, 船长 vt.指挥26.patient pent n.病人, 患者 adj.忍耐的, 耐心的27.spread spred n.伸展, 展开, 传播 v.伸展, 展开,散布28.dailyadj deli 每日的, 日常的 adv.每日, 日常地

4、 n.日报29.opinion pnjn n.意见, 看法, 主张, 判断, 评价30.in ones opinion在某人看来31.greatly adv.很, 非常32.northernadj nn 北方的, 北部的33.casualadj kl 偶然的, 不经意的, 临时的34.beautifullyadv.美好地, 漂亮地35.boot but n. (长统)靴, 靴子 v.导入36.as well asadv.也, 又37.similaradj sml 相似的, 类似的38.dressing n.穿衣, 装饰, 敷裹, 敷料, 调味品二、短语归纳1.plan to do 计划做某事2

5、.look ugly on us 穿在我们身上很丑3. depend on 取决于4. wear suitable uniforms 穿合适的制服5.show good discipline 显示良好风纪6.survey sb. about sth. 调查有关于7.be glad to wear uniforms 乐意穿制服8.what materials 什么材料9.what style 什么样式10.interview a policeman 采访一个警察11.be at work 在工作12.wear plain clothes 穿便衣13.carry out special tasks

6、 执行任务14.stop people from doing bad things 阻止人做坏事15.wear a business suit 穿商务套装16.change your leather shoes 换掉你的皮鞋17.take off your shoes 脱掉你的鞋子18.enter someones home进入某人家里19.on every occasion 在每个场合20.dress correctly 穿得正确21.go to a formal meeting 参加正式会议22.do too much sports 做太多运动23.Why dont you like sc

7、hool uniforms? 你为什么不喜欢校服？24.people in trouble 遇到困难的人25.wear sports clothes 穿运动服26.for different reasons 因为不同的原因27.protect them form the heat and falling ceilings保护他们免收高温和坍塌的天花板的伤害28.dress in the official uniforms 穿着办公制服29.see airline pilots wearing uniforms 看到飞行员穿着制服30.at the airport 在机场31.fly the p

8、lane 驾驶飞机32. a police officer in uniform穿着制服的警官33.get help from sb. 从某人得到帮助34.stop the spread of diseases组织疾病的转播35.in our daily life 在我们的日常生活36.have different opinions有不同的观点37.like to wear casual clothes 喜欢穿着休闲服38.on special days 在特殊的日子39.depend on their likes and dislikes 取决于他们的喜好40.as well as 还有41

9、.for formal occasions 为了正式的场合42.at Christmas 在圣诞节43.the same as 和一样44.wear similar clothes 穿着类似的衣服45.wear suits to work 穿套装去工作46. plain clothes 便衣，便服47. carry out 执行，实施48. stop/keep/prevent sb,/ sth. from doing sth.阻止某人或某物做某事49. take off 脱下；起飞50.on every occasion 在每个场合51. dress sb. 给某人穿衣服dress onese

10、lf 给自己穿衣服，dress in+颜色/衣服52. for different reasons 因为不同的原因53. have a car accident 发生车祸54. get help from sb. 从某人获得帮助55.in ones daily/everyday life在某人日常生活中56.in ones opinion/idea/view以某人观点.57. casual clothes 休闲服，非正式衣服58. the same as 和一样be similar to 与相似59. as well as和一样好；除之外；也；还60. be suitable/fit for

11、适合61.look ugly on sb. 穿在某人身上很丑62. not really 不完全是63.depend on 依靠，取决于64. Its true that 事实是65. show good discipline 展示好的纪律三词性转换1. correct adj.正确的correctly adv. 正确地，确切的2. office n.办公室officer n.警官，军官official n.官员，高级职员adj.官方的，正式的3. daily adj. 日常的adv.日常地n.日报4. great adj.伟大的，极好的greatly adv.非常，很，大大的5. beaut

12、y n.美丽，美人，美好的东西beautiful adj.美丽的，漂亮的beautifully adv.漂亮地，美好地6. dress v.穿衣n.连衣裙，女装dressing n.穿戴，穿衣四、重点句型1.It depends on who will design our clothes.这取决于谁设计我们的衣服。2. Its true that suitable uniforms can show good discipline.事实是合适的衣服可以展示好的纪律。3.Its important to wear suitable clothes on every occasion.在每个场合

13、穿合适的衣服是很重要的。4. People wear uniforms for different reasons.人们穿制服因为不同的原因。5.What people wear depends on their likes and dislikes.人们穿什么取决于他们的喜好。6. People in cities around the world wear quite similar clothes.全世界城市的人们穿着非常相似。五、知识点梳理与拓展1.I dont like uniform because they will so ugly on us.我不喜欢校服，因为我们穿了它看起来

14、很丑。look so ugly on us意为“穿在我们身上看起来很丑”2.I think our school should allow us to design our own uniform.我认为我们的学校应该允许我们设计自己的校服。allow“允许、许可”，allow sb .to do sth.“允许某人做某事”如：Mr.Wang allows us to play football.王老师允许我们踢足球。3.They are good for patients.他们对病人有好处。be good for 对有益，be bad for 对有坏处，be good at 擅长于4.Sec

15、ond,patients can find easily when they are in need.第二，当病人需要我们时，会很容易地找到我们。be in need “需要”，与 need同义。如：When you are in need, you can call me.当你在需要的时候，你可以打电话给我。5.You should take off your shoes when you enter someones home in Japan.当你进入日本人家的时候，必须先脱掉鞋子。take off意为“脱下，脱掉”，反义词组是put on.take off还可表示“起飞”。如：The

16、plane will take off in an hour.飞机将在一小时内起飞。6.But now ,most of us can dress for ourselves.但是现在我们大多数人都可以自己打扮。dress for“为穿衣服”put on“穿（戴）上”的动作，反义词take offwear, have on, be on“穿（戴）着”的状态。dress sb./oneself“给别人/自己穿衣服，dress up“穿上盛穿、乔装打扮”dress后不能接“衣服”类的词作宾语。7.Its well-known that uniforms are not popular but us

17、eful.众所周知，制服不流行但有用。Its well- known意为“众所周知”如：Its well- known that this song is very popular. 众所周知，这首歌很流行。notbut 不是而是He isnt a teacher but a doctor.他不是一个老师而是一个医生。Section A1.It depends on who will design our uniforms.它取决于谁来设计我们的校服。（1）depend on取决于，依赖Im not sure if we can go for a picnic tomorrow.It depe

18、nds on the weather.我不能确定明天我们能否去野餐。You cant depend on others to help you.那要取决于天气。你不能指望别人来帮你。（2）who引导宾语从句，在从句中做主语。I dont know who will help me. 我不知道谁会帮助我。2. Its true that suitable uniforms can show good discipline.得体的校服能展示出良好的纪律，确实是这样的。(1)本句是一个由it作形式主语的复合句，真正的主语是that从句，其结构为 It is +adj.+that从句。类似的用法还有：

19、It is important/ necessary/ well-known.that从句。e.g: It is necessary that people wear different clothes.人们穿不同的衣服是很有必要的。It is well-known that the sun is bigger than the earth. 众所周知，太阳比地球。 (2)suitable uniforms得体的制服Section B1.It is important to wear suitable clothes on every occasion.(1) 本句型为：It is +adj.

20、+(for sb.) to do sth. ，it是形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth.，意为“（对于某人来说）做.是.的”。可以与It is +adj.+that . 句型转换。e.g: It is important for us to take care of the enviroment.=It is important that we should take care of the enviroment. 保护环境对我们来说很重要。(2)on every occasion在每一个场合，occasion为可数名词。在特殊的场合on a special occasion2.Peop

21、le should dress correctly.人们应该正确着装。(1)dress 穿衣，不及物动词。The ladies dress beautifully tonight. 女士们今晚穿得都很漂亮。【拓展】作及物动词，宾语只能是某人或反身代词，也可以在其后搭配in+衣服或颜色，即dress (sb.) in.。如：He is too young to dress himself. 他太小，还不会自己穿衣服。He always dresses in black.她总是穿着黑色衣服。Section C1. Firefighters wear special coats and helmet

22、s to protect themselves from heat and falling ceilings.消防人员穿特殊服装和戴头盔是为了保护他们自己免受高温和坠落的天花板的伤害。(1)此句的“to + v.”意为“为了.” 是动词不定式作目的状语的用法。e.g:I will go to Beijing to visit the Great Wall.我到北京去是为了参观长城。(2)protect. from. “保护. 免受.的伤害”e.g: We wear sunglasses to protect our eyes from the sun.我们戴太阳镜是为了保护眼睛免受阳光的伤害。

23、(3)heatn.高温，热量 v.把.加热I want to heat some water. 我想烧些水。(4)falling ceilings正在坠落的天花板，falling是现在分词作定语，强调“正在发生”2.When we see airline pilots wearing uniforms at the airport,we believe that they know how to fly the plane.当我们在机场看见航空公司飞行员穿着制服时，我们相信他们知道怎样驾驶飞机。(1)when引导一个时间状语从句，在主句中又包含了由that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句中有一个how

24、 to fly.的“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。(2)wearing uniforms 现在分词作宾语补足语，修饰airline pilots。3.So its necessary for us to know different uniforms in the daily life.所以对于我们来说了解日常生活中的不同制服是有必要的。在日常生活中in the daily lifeSection D1.What people wear depends on their likes and dislikes.人们穿什么取决于他们的喜好。(1) what people wear 在句中充当主语，叫主

25、语从句，谓语动词用单数形式。(2) 句中的like是名词，意为“喜好，爱好”，反义词为dislike，通常用复数。e.g: We all have different likes and dislikes.我们都各有不同的喜好。2. People in Canada and the United States usually wear suits to work in offices, as well as for more formal occasions, just as people do in China.加拿大人和美国人像中国人一样，不但在更正式的场合而且在办公室上班时通常也穿西服。

26、as well as 还有，除.之外(也)。置于句中。e.g: They own a house in the city as well as a villa in the countryside.他们在城里有一栋房子，在乡下还有一座别墅。六、语法：宾语从句宾语从句：当一个句子充当动词或介词的宾语时，这个句子就称之为宾语从句。宾语从句与主句之间由从属连词来连接。I think thatits a beautiful park.Can you tell me where you would like to go? Do you know what you should take ?You sho

27、uld decide how you will go there .宾语从句的考点：1.语序：宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序，即主语、谓语的顺序不能颠倒。如：Do you know where he lives ?你知道他住在哪儿吗？Can you tell me when the plane will arrive?你能告诉我飞机将在什么时候到达吗？We asked what Lily was doing then.我们问莉莉那时她正在做什么。Xiaoming wants to know what time you got up this morning.小明想要知道今天早晨你是几点起床的。Do

28、 you know that Lily didnt pass the exam?你知道莉莉没有通过考试吗？判断：Can you tell me who（m）do we have to see?（）Can you tell me who（m）we have to see?（）2.引导词(1)当宾语从句由陈述句转化而来时，用that来引导宾语从句,that作宾语时可以省略, 作主语时不能省略。如：The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow.收音机报道说明天有雨。注意：介词后边的that不能省。Li Ming is a good student excep

29、t that he is sometimes careless.李明是好学生，只是有时粗心。当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时，要用whether 或if 来引导宾语从句，从句要由疑问语序改用陈述句语序。if和whether 都意为“是否”，两者通常能互换，但不可省略。如：I wonder if/whether you have told the news to Li Lei.我想知道你是否已经知道这个消息了。Im not sure .Are there UFOs? Im not sure if/ whether there are UFOs.注意：whether不可以换用if的情况。（1）从

30、句中有or not时。如：I cant say whether this is true or not.（2）从句充当介词宾语。Im interested in whether she likes English.（3）连接词后接不定式时。I dont know whether to go or to stay.（4）作主语时。Whether he will come is not decided.当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时，原句中的疑问词充当连接代词（如：which, what, who ,whom,which）或连接副词（如：how, where, why, when）引导宾语从句

31、，从句要由疑问语序改用陈述句语序。连接代词在从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语；连接副词在从句中做状语。如：Could you tell me what he said to you?你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？I dont know who will give us a speech. 我不知道谁会给我们作报告。I dont know .Whose dictionary is it?I dont know whose dictionary it is.They are talking about it.How can they do more for our country?They are

32、talking about how they can do more for our country.3.时态：(1)当主句为一般现在时态时，从句根据语境可以使用任何时态。如：I hear she will be here tomorrow.我听说她明天会到这儿。Please tell me what he did last night.请告诉我他昨晚做了什么。He asks me if I am from the U.S.A.他问我是否我来自美国。举例：I hear that Jim was a worker two years ago.I hear that Jim is an Engli

33、sh teacher now .I hear that Jim will cook dinner tomorrow.I hear that Jim is singing a popular song now.I hear that Jim has been to the Great Wall twice .I hear that Jim was playing basketball when his father came back.(2)当主句为一般过去时态时，通常情况下，从句要用相应的过去的时态。如：Tom said (that) he usually got up at six.汤姆说他

34、通常六点起床。Nina told me (that) Linda was watching TV at home.尼娜告诉我琳达正在家看电视。We asked what Lily was doing then.我们问莉莉那时她正在做什么。She said (that) she would see me at the same place the next day.她说她第二天要在同一个地点见我。(3)从句表示的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等时, 不管主句使用什么时态, 从句都用一般现在时。如：Lisa asked whether light travels/goes faster than so

35、und.莉萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。4.宾语从句中的否定转移当主句的谓语是think, believe, guess, suppose等表示“认为、相信、猜想、期望”等意思的动词时, 且主句的主语是第一人称I/We, 时态为一般现在时时, 从句的否定一般要转移到主句上来。I think it will rain tomorrow.I dont think it will rain tomorrow.I think this magazine is worth reading.I dont think this magazine is worth reading.但hope后接的宾语从句的否

36、定不需要转移。如：I hope you werent ill.需要特别说明的是：涉及到转移的只是not，not以外的其它否定词，如no, never, hardly,few, little, seldom等，不必转移。如：I believe my brother has never been late for school.We can imagine birds can hardly live without these woods.5.有些做表语的形容词后也可以接宾语从句，如sure,glad,sorry，surprised等。如：Im glad that you get well so

37、soon.很高兴你这么快就好了。Im so sorry that you failed the test.你考试没过关，我真为你感到遗憾。5.特殊疑问句引导宾语从句的“五要素”要素一：在引导词上，要将疑问代词who/ whose/what/ which或疑问副词when/ where / why/ how变为连接代词或连接副词，来引导宾语从句。如：Whose bike is this? Can you tell me? Can you tell mewhose bike this is?你能告诉我这是谁的自行车？要素二：宾语从句的时态应与主句的时态保持一致。When will the trai

38、n arrive at the railway station? Heaskedme. He asked me when the train would arrive at therailwaystation.他问火车什么时候到达火车站。【温馨提示】特殊疑问句变为宾语从句后，句末用问号还是用句号完全取决于主句的句式：如主句为陈述句、祈使句，句末就用句号；如主句是疑问句，句末就用问号。考点探究：I dont know when the concert will start tonight. 我不知道音乐会今晚什么时候开始。Do you know when the concert will sta

39、rt tonight? 你知道音乐会今晚什么时候开始？要素三：特殊疑问句在宾语从句中，其语序上要改为陈述句语序。Which subject do you like best? He asked me. He askedme which subject I liked best.他问我最喜欢哪门学科。【温馨提示】疑问句中主语之前的助动词若是dodoesdid，变为宾语从句时，要先将其去掉，谓语动词再根据时态作相应的变化。Why did you come to the party late yesterday? Can youtellme? Can you tell me why you came

40、 to the party lateyesterday?你能告诉我你昨天为什么参加晚会迟到了？要素四：特殊疑问词在句中作主语，变为宾语从句时语序不变（时态应作相应变化）。Who can answer the question? The teacher asked. Theteacher asked who could answer the question. 老师问谁能回答这个问题。要素五：特殊疑问句在宾语从句中，要是主从句人称一致，一般可将宾语从句复合句改为简单句。如：I wonder how I can send an e-mail to you. I wonder howto send an e-mail to you.我想知道如何给你发个电子邮件。