Unit10知识点2021-2022学年人教版新目标英语八年级下册.docx

1、八下Unit 10 知识点1. 中考之现在完成时(1)定义： (2)结构: 肯定：have/has done否定：havent /hasnt done一般疑问：have/has+主语done-Yes，主语have/hasNo，主语 havent /hasnt(3) 常见的标志词: already(已经)、just(刚刚)、ever(曾经)、never(从不)、before(以前)、yet(仍然)、since+过去时间:(自从)、for+一段时间(：持续)so far(到目前为止)、recently(最近)in the past few years(在过去的几年里)(4)考向一：不规则动词小小纸

2、考向二already与yet：already放在肯定句的句中 yet放在否定和疑问句的句末already与yet在同义句中转化（必考） 例1：肯定：I have already had breakfast 我已经吃过早饭了否定：I havent had breakfast yet 我还没吃早饭例 2：否定：I havent done my homework yet 我还没有做作业肯定：I have already done my homework 我已经做完作业了例3：-Has your sister finished reading it yet?你姐读完了吗？-Yes , she has

3、already finished it 是的，她已经读完 考向三：have/has been+介词：have/has been to 曾经去过某地(回来了)可与never 、ever 、just、 twice 等副词连用例1：He has been to Germany 3 times 他去过德国三次了have/has gone to 去了某地(没回来)例2：She is not here, she has gone to France她不在这儿，她去法国了have/has been in/at+地点for+一段时间：在某地一直待了多长时间例3：He has been in Australia

4、 for half a year他在澳洲待了半年了have/has been here/there/home去过这儿/那儿/家里例4：-Have you ever been there？你去过那儿吗？-No I have never been there before不，我之前没去过have/has been in+组织：加入某组织（是某组织的成员）例5：He has been in the army for 3 years他参军三年了have/has been+形容词（或名词）呈现状态 例6：The shop has been open for ten years这家店营业十年了例7：We

5、have been friends since we were five我们从五岁起就一直是朋友考向四：since与forsince+过去时间点(如年、月、日、几点)since 5 oclock自从5点起 since1983自从1983年起since+一段时间+ago=for+一段时间since three months ago自从三个月前=for three months例：I havent changed since 20 years ago.=I havent changed for 20 years我已经二十年没变了since一般过去的从句 since you left home自从你

6、离开家后It is+一段时间+since一般过去时的从句例：It is five years since I came here我来这儿五年了=It has been five years since I came herefor一段时间例句：-Did you see Mr.Huo yesterday? -你昨天看见霍老师了吗？-No, I havent seen him for a long time -没，我很长时间没看见他了 How long提问since+过去时间和for一段时间例：-How long have you lived in Zhangqiu？你在章丘住了多久了？- I h

7、ave lived here since I found a job -自从我找到工作就一直住在这儿考向五：现在完成时与一般过去式的转变例：I have kept the book for five days.= I borrowed the book five days ago我五天前借的这本书考向六：瞬间动词与延续性动词 buy购买-have拥有 finish结束-be over结束borrow借-keep保留 put on穿上-wear穿着come来 go去 become变成-be在、是 die死 -be dead死了的fall ill生病-be ill病了的join the Party

8、入党-be a Party member是一个党员lose丢失-not have没有go to school去上学- be a student是一名学生（或者be in school在学校中）(11) leave离开-be away远离的)12) fall asleep睡着-be asleep睡着的(13) close关闭-be closed关闭的(14) make friends交朋友-be friends是朋友(15) get up起床- be up起来的(16) join the army参军-be a soldier是一名军人（或： be in the army在部队中服役）(17)

9、catch a cold感冒-have a cold感冒(18) arrive/reach到达- be in/ at是在(19) begin/start开始-be on是开始的(在上映)例1：They have been away from school for one year.他们离开学校一年了=They left school one year ago.例2：He has been dead for 10 years 他已经死了10年了= He died ten years ago他十年前就死的例3: The film has been on for ten minutes 这场电影已经

10、上映十分钟了。= The film began ten minutes ago 这场电影是十分钟前开始的2. 中考之salesale出售(名词) on sale减价出售for sale待售,供出售例1:His family is having a yard sale.他的一家在举行庭院拍卖会例2: Chickens are on sale in the market.小鸡在市场出售。例3: Im sorry. Its not for sale. 对不起,它不卖。 3. 中考之sweet （1）sweet 糖果（可数名词） 甜食（不可数名词）甜的；甜美的（形容词）（2）a sweet shop一

11、个糖果店（3）a sweet voice一个甜美的嗓音例1：Too much sweet food is bad for your health.太多甜食对你的健康有害例2：Would you like some more sweet? 你想再吃点甜食吗？4. 中考之memory (1)memory 记忆力; 记性 （名词） 回忆（名词）(2)in memory of为纪念(3)memorize记住, 记忆(动词)例1: She wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories. 她想保留她的旧东西，因为它们

12、唤起甜美的回忆(bring back回想起来 sweet memories甜美的回忆)例2: He doesnt know how to memorize all the phone numbers because he has a bad memory.他不知道如何记住所有的电话号码，因为他记性不好 5. 中考之in need in need 在危难中，在危急中 be in need of需要theres no need to do sth 没有必要做某事例1:You can give old things away to people in need. 你可以把旧的东西捐赠给需要的人们例2

13、: Ill come when you are in need of help. 当你需要帮助时，我会回来的 例3：Theres no need to worry at all. 根本没必要担心6. 中考之check (1)check：检查（动词）支票，账单（名词） (2)check out：查看, 观察 付账后离开(3)check in：登记，报到例1： And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids. 同时查看一下这些给小孩子们玩的布绒玩具和棋类游戏吧。例2：Please check your answers a

14、gain before you hand in the paper. 上交试卷前再检查一下你的答案例3：Mr. Huo wrote me a check. 霍老师给我开了张支票7. 中考之clear （1）clear清理(动词) 干净的、清晰的、晴朗的（形容词） （2）clear out清理掉 （3）clear up清理 （天空）放晴 例1： We have already cleared out a lot of things from our bedrooms. 我们已经从卧室里清理出了许多东西。 例2：Clear up the desk, will you? 请把书桌清理一下好吗？8.

15、中考之do with do with(与What连用 )= deal with(与How连用 )例句：What do you do with the money you raise？=How do you deal with the money you raise？你怎么处理你挣的这些钱啊？9. 中考之no longer notanymore=no more(数量上)不再 (no more放于句末) notany longer=no longer不再（时间上）(注意：no longer放句中，实意动词的前面) 例1：We have decided to each sell five thing

16、s that we no longer use. 我们决定每人出售五件不再使用的物品（decide to do sth=make a decision to do sth= make up ones mind to do sth决定去干某事）例2： I dont love you anymore.我不再爱你了！=I dont love you any longer.=I love you no more. =I no longer love you. 10. 中考之own (1)own 拥有(动词) 自己的(形容词)(2)owner主人(名词)(3)sth of ones own=ones o

17、wn sth某人自己的 my own computer =the computer of my own 例1：For example he has owned a train and 人railway set since his fourth birthday. 例如，自从她的四岁生日起，他就拥有了一套火车和铁路轨道的玩具。例2：Children need their own toys =Children need toys of their own. 儿童需要有他们自己的玩具11. 中考之part (1) part 分开,离开(动词) 部分,参与(名词) (2) part with放弃, 交

18、出 (3) part of的部分(4) take part in参加 (5) play a part in扮演角色，发挥作用例1：My daughter was more understanding although she also felt sad to part with certain toys. 我的女儿比较懂事，尽管失去某些玩具，她也感到很难过.（注意：feel sad to do sth 对干某事感到难过）例2: Everyone took part in planting trees. 每个人都参加了植树活动12. 中考之certain (1) certain 某种,某事, 某

19、人(作定语) 肯定的(形容词)(2) certain toys某些玩具some reason某种原因 （some某种, 后加单数）some reasons一些原因（some一些）(3) be certain to do sth肯定去干某事(4)be certain of对确定 (5) be certain that+句子：对确定 (6)certainly=sure=of course当然例1：He didnt attend the meeting for a certain reason. 由于某种原因他没有参加会议 例2：Mr. Huo is certain to succeed. 霍老师一

20、定会成功 例3：Mr.Huo is certain of success. 霍老师有把握成功 例4：Im certain that Mr. Huo will succeed. = Im certain that Mr. Huo will be successful我确信霍老师会成功 13. 中考之honest honest= truthful诚实的(形容词)an honest boy =a truthful boy一个诚实的男孩to be honest=to tell the truth=to be frank=honestly老实说,说实话例1: As for me , I did not

21、want to give up my football shirts , but , to be honest, I havent played for a while now.至于我，我不想放弃我的足球衫，但是说实在的，现在我已经有一段时间没玩球了(注意:as for me至于我 for a while一会儿for a long while很久 for a short while一小会儿)例2：He actually wants to visit Germany. But to be honest, I dont think its a good idea.他真想参观德国。但说实话，我认为不

22、是个好主意。14. 中考之nowadays nowadays= these days =at present 现在例句: Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities.如今，数以百万计的中国人离开农村到城市去寻找工作。(注意search for= look for寻找)15. 中考之search search寻找（动名同形）search for =look for寻找in search of+人或物：寻找人或物例1：You can search for informati

23、on on the Internet=You can search the Internet for information你可以通过网络搜寻信息例2：I walked into a bookstore in search of some books that I wanted 我走进一家书店寻找几本我想要的书16. 中考之among between两者之间 among三者或三个以上之间例1：Among these is Zhong Wei, a 46-year-old husband and father. 钟伟一位46岁的丈夫和父亲就是其中的一员(注意: a 46-year-old hus

24、band and father一个46岁的丈夫和父亲(1人)a 46-year-old husband and a father1个46岁的丈夫和1位父亲（2人）the English teacher and head teacher 英语老师兼校长（1人）the English teacher and the head teacher英语老师和校长（2人)17. 中考之shame shame羞愧（名词）Its a shame. 多遗憾啊.= What a shame!to ones shame令人遗憾的是 with shame羞愧地 a sense of shame羞耻感例1: To my

25、shame, I left her alone at home. 让我羞愧的是我把她一个人留在家里 例2:-She has failed her test again. 他又没通过测验-What a shame! 太遗憾了! 18. 中考之regard regard关注,留意 regardas把视为 be regarded as被视为 例1：Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed. 许多像钟伟一样的人都以极大的兴趣关注着他们的家乡发生了怎样的变化.例2:I re

26、gard him as a friend of mine我把他视为我的一个朋友19. 中考之count(1)count计算,总数(名词) 数数(动词)(2)count down倒计时、倒数 (3)count in算入、包括例1:Children have learned to read and count at my old primary school since the mid-20th century. 从20世纪中期以来，孩子们都是在我以前的小学里学习阅读和数数(注意:the mid-20th century20世纪中期) 例2:Hold your breath and count f

27、rom 1 to 10. 屏住呼吸，同时从一数到十 例3：Lets count down，让我们倒计时。20. 中考之century century百年= one hundred years in the 19th century =in the 1800s= in the 1800s 在19世纪 in the early 21st century在21世纪早期in the mid-20th century在20世纪中期in the late 19th century 在19世纪晚期例句:The temple was built two centuries ago.= The temple w

28、as built two hundred years ago 这个庙是200年前建成的21. 中考之according to according to 根据 according to me= in my opinion在我看来例句:According to Zhong Wei, however, some things will never change. 然而在钟伟看来，有些东西永远不变。 22. 中考之opposite (1) opposite =across from在对面 (2) be opposite to和相对(3) the opposite of 的对面 的反义词(4) the

29、opposite side of the road马路对面 例1： They live opposite the bank=They live across from the bank他们住在银行对面(opposite在对面（副词)）例2：We live on the opposite side of the road我们住在马路对面(opposite对面的，相反的（形容词)）例3:Theres an old man living opposite有个老人住在对面(opposite在对面（副词)）例4: “Tall” is the opposite of “short” 高是矮的反义词 (op

30、posite反义词，对立面(名词) )23. 中考之consider (1)consider注视 认为 仔细思考think about (2)consider as把视为 (3)consider to be+名词: 把视为 (4)consider doing sth考虑干某事例1:She considers him to be a good teacher=She considers him as a good teacher. 她认为他是个好老师 例2：The fridge doesnt work. Why not consider buying a new one. 冰箱坏了，为什么不买个

31、新的呀？24. 中考之hold (1)holdheld- held 拥有 抓住 容纳 举行(2)hold on等一下，坚持住(3)hold up举起 (4) hold ones breath某人屏住呼吸例1: We hold our class meeting every week. 我们每星期举行一次班会例2:The girl was holding her fathers hand. 那个女孩正拉着他父亲的手例3:The thieves held their breath when the police came over to the market. 当警察朝市场走来时,小偷们屏住了呼吸

32、。例4: His hometown is still the place that holds all his childhood memories. 他的家乡仍然是那个拥有她所有童年记忆的地方。25. 中考之必背词组、句子 -How long have you had that bike over there ？那边的那辆自行车你买了多长时间了？-I have had my bike for 10 years.我拥有我的自行车十年了。 Because Ive had it since I was a baby 因为自从我还是个婴儿的时候就拥有它了 Its been around for at

33、 least 20 years 它在这附近至少20年了 He hasnt been back in close to three years =He hasnt been back for almost three years他几乎三年没有回去了（in close to接近于） one of the oldest buildings最古老的建筑物之一 fit sb 适合某人 be fit for胜任keep fit= keep healthy保持健康 He spent 50 cents buying the stamps= He bought the stamps for 50 cents他花了50分钱买了这些邮票。 a scarf 一条毛巾（复数 scarves） Ive had this magazine for a couple of months.我拥有这个杂志2个月了（a couple of两个或几个）My moms had it for a long time, but it still works我娘买了它已经很长时间了，但是它还可以工作。（11）since birth 自从出生时（12）give the money to a childrens home把钱捐给儿童之家（13）stay the same 保持原样，保持不变