Unit2知识点2021-2022学年人教版新目标英语八年级下册.docx

1、八下Unit2 知识点1. 中考之动词不定式 （1） 肯定形式：to do sth 否定形式:not to do sth（2） 考向一: (常考短语) would like（sb）to do sth想要（某人）去干某事 plan to do sth计划去做某事 need to do sth需要去做某事 wish （sb）to do sth希望（某人）去干某事 hope to do sth希望去做某事 decide to do sth 决定去做某事 expect sb to do sth期盼某人去做某事 ask sb to do sth让某人去做某事 tell sb to do sth告诉某人去

2、做某事 allow sb to do sth允许某人去做某事 encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人去做某事考向二: (带to的目的状语)例句: You should take the train to get there=To get there, you should take the train为了到那儿，你应该乘火车。考向三:特殊疑问词+to do 例1：I dont know what to do =I dont know how to do it. 我不知道干什么?(我不知道如何做?)例2：I dont know what to do to help her out=

3、I dont know what I can do to help her out. 我不知道做什么去帮他.( 注意:help out帮助解决)考向四: 不带to的不定式 感官动词：see sb do sth看见某人做了某事（全过程）hear sb do sth听见某人做了某事（全过程）watch sb do sth观看某人干了某事（全过程）feel sb do sth感觉到某人做了某事（全过程）notice sb do sth注意到某人做了某事（全过程） 使役动词：let sb do sth让某人干某事=make sb do sth(被动语态: be made to do sth被让干某事)

4、=have sb do sth例1：They made the children play the piano 6 hours a day last month. 上个月他们让这些孩子每天弹六个小时钢琴 例2：Though he often makes his little sister cry he was made to cry by his little sister yesterday.尽管她经常让她小妹哭泣，但是昨天他被他小妹弄哭了 2. 中考之动词短语 （1） 动词+副词（注意：人称代词放中间，名词中间后面都可以）：常见副词顺口溜：上下反内外（up, down， in, out）去

5、掉后从表面离开(off, back、on, away)除了work on it depend on it) cheer up振奋起来 clean up打扫 set up建立 put up张贴，搭建，举起 cut up切碎 fix up修理 put off推迟 take away拿走 give out分发 give up放弃 hand in上交 work out解决think over仔细思考 help out帮助解决例1：You could help to clean up the city parks.你可以帮助打扫城市公园。 例2：The girl could visit the sick

6、 kids in the hospital to cheer them up. 这个女孩能够看望生病住院的孩子们，使他们高兴起来 (注意cheer them up= cheer up the sick kids= cheer the sick kids up) (2) 动词+介词(仅能从后面+名词或代词或动词ing)look for寻找 wait for等候 pay for付费send for派人去请 take after像（内+外）hear from收到什么的来信 depend on依靠例句:This food is free , you dont have to pay for it. 这

7、种食物免费，你不必付费.常见介词before, after, like, at, to, with, for, about, of, into, from等。(记忆方法“副词顺口溜” 之外的就是介词)(3) 动词+副词+介词 add up to总计是 come up with想出来=think up look forward to doing sth期待去做某事 get on well with sb与某人相处融洽 catch up with sb/sth赶上某人/某物 look down upon瞧不起 run out of用光例1：Dont worry. Im sure you will

8、get on well with your classmates if you are kind and friendly to them. 别担心，我确信如果你对你的同学友善的话，你将与他们相处融洽例2：I have run out of it. 我已经用光它了例3：His water ran out. 他的水喝光了(4)动词+名词+介词make fun of取笑 make use of利用pay attention to注意 take care of照顾make friends with sb与某人交朋友have a look at看一看例句：We shouldnt make fun of

9、 others. We should pay attention to your teacher in class. 我们不应该取笑他人，我们应该注意听老师讲课(5)动词+名词 have a rest休息一下 take a walk散步 make a mistake犯错误 have a try尝试一下 take place发生 tell a lie撒谎例句：You look tired, you should have a rest.你看起来很疲惫，你应该休息一下(6)动词+形容词be late for 因而迟到 be busy with忙于be worried about担心be simil

10、ar to与相似be good at擅长 be good for对有好处的 be strict with对要求严格的 be short of缺乏（反义词： be rich in在方面富裕）be different from与不同 be proud of为了而骄傲例句：Eating more vegetables and fruit is good for your health. 多吃水果和蔬菜，对你的健康有好处3. 中考之 give out(1)give out: 分发=hand out 用光=run out 发出光热=give off(2)give up 放弃 (3)give away赠送

11、例1：The boy could give out food at the food bank. 这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物例2：They give up several hours each week to help others. 他们每周腾出几个小时来帮其他人4. 中考之volunteer（1）volunteer: 自愿做义务（动） 志愿者（名）（2）volunteer to do sth自愿做某事（3）volunteer time to do sth牺牲时间干某事例1：The girl could volunteer in an after-school study progra

12、m to teach kids. 这个女孩可以自愿参加课外学习项目来教孩子。例2：Volunteering here is a dream come true for me.在这当志愿者对我来说是梦想成真(注意：a dream come true梦想成真) 5. 中考之put put off 推迟 put back放回 put out熄灭put away收好 put into输入 put down放下put on穿上 put up 搭建；张贴；举起例1：We cant put off making a plan.我们不能推迟制定计划。（注：put off doing sth推迟干某事）例2：I

13、m making some signs to put up around the school. 我正在制作一些标语来张贴在学校周围。6. 中考之come up with come up with 想出来=think up come out: 开花; 出版; 出来 come on加油！come in进来 come over顺便来访例1：We need to come up with a plan for it。我们需要为它想出计划例2：Our class is trying to come up with some ideas to cheer up sick children because

14、 they are often sad. 我们班正在努力想出一些主意让生病的孩子高兴起来，因为她们经常难过。 例3：The ideas that he came up with worked out fine. 他想出的这些方法很有效(注意：work out fine=work out well奏效)7. 中考之 usedused to do sth过去常常做某事否定：didnt use to do sth或used not（或usednt） to do sth 一般疑问句：Did sb use to do sth?或Used sb to do sth?be(get) used to doin

15、g sth 习惯于做某事be used to do sth被用来做某事=be used for doing sth例1:They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他们告诉我关于过去的故事和过去是啥样子的。例2：Mr. Huo used to get up early last year.霍老师去年常常起床很早。否定：Mr. Huo didnt use to get up early last year.或Mr. Huo used not to get up early last year.霍老师是去年常常起床不

16、是很早一般疑问句：Did Mr. Huo use to get up early last year?或Used Mr. Huo to get up early last year？霍老师去年常常起床很早吗？8. 中考之lonelylonely:孤独的,偏僻的(形容词) alone:独自的(形副同形) 例1：The old man lives in a lonely town, he has no children and he is alone. He lives alone but he doesnt feel lonely. 这位老人住在偏僻的镇上，他没有孩子，是个单身汉，他独自一个人住

17、着，但他并不感到孤独 例2：I want to travel alone. 我想独自旅行 9. 中考之care (1)care for: 喜欢=be fond of 照顾=take care of=look after (2) care about关心在意例1：You should listen to them and care for them.我们应该听他们说话并照顾他们例2：I want to learn more about how to care for animals. 我想要学更多的关于如何去照顾动物（的知识）10. 中考之satisfaction satisfaction: 满

18、意（名词） with satisfaction满意的to ones satisfaction令某人满意的是 satisfy：满意（动词） satisfied满意的（形容词，人做主语）be satisfied with sth对某物是满意的satisfying令人满意的（修饰物）例1：To my satisfaction， I am satisfied with your satisfying answer. 令我满意的是，我对你令人满意的答案感到满意例2：I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get

19、 better and the look of joy on their owners faces. 当我看到动物们病情见好，看到主人们脸上的喜悦之情时，我产生出那么强烈的满足感来(注意：a feeling of satisfaction 满足感 the look of joy喜悦之情)11. 中考之owner（1）the owner of的主人（2）own：拥有（动词）自己的（形容词）(3) my own computer=the computer of my own 我自己的电脑（4）on his own=by himself 他独自例1：He is the owner of the sh

20、op. 它是商店的主人例2：Id love to have my own room.= Id love to have a room of my own. 我想拥有一个属于我自己的房间例3：I finished it on my own.= I finished it by myself. 我独自完成了它。12. 中考之try try out for 为参加选拔 try on试穿 try doing sth试着干某事 try to do sth努力去做某事 try my best to do sth尽我最大努力去干某事例句：Last year , she decided to try out

21、for a volunteer after-school reading program. 去年，他决定去参加一个课外阅读活动的志愿者活动 13. 中考之raise (1)raise money for 为筹款(2)raise: 筹集征集（动）抚养（动）举起抬起（动）例1：For example， we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people例如，我们可以制定计划去看望生病住院的孩子们或为无家可归的人筹钱例2：If anyone has questions，

22、please raise your hand. 如果有人还存在问题，请举手14. 中考之stop stop doing sth停止正干的事情 stop to do sth停下来去做某事例句：some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year to move to another place. 一些人甚至离职几个月或一年去另一个地方15. 中考之宾语从句 （1）考向一：宾语从句，句子的语序陈述（2）考向二（时态）：主将从现；主现从根据；主过从过（3）结构： 主语+谓语动词+句子（动宾） 主语+谓语动词+介词+句子（介

23、宾） 例1：The kids are sitting in the library but you can see in their eyes that theyre going on a different journey with each new book. 这些孩子坐在图书馆里，但你能从他们的眼睛里看到，他们正随着每一本新书进行不同的旅行.例2：I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time可以做我喜欢做的事情，同时也能帮助他人例3：However， few people think about what they

24、 can do to help others然而，很少有人考虑他们能做什么来帮助别人.16. 中考之take after take after像=be similar to=be like +look like take after后面加名词或代词，因为after是介词，动词+介词的短语后面加宾语，但动词+副词，中间可以加名词或代词，后面也可以加名词例1： Your daughter doesnt take after you at all。你闺女一点也不像你例2：The two buildings are similar in style. 这两座建筑物在风格上相似. 17. 中考之fix

25、fix up: 修理(侧重于安装) mend: 修补(后多加衣服) repair: 修理(范围广，多指汽车桥梁等)例1：Mr. Huo repaired the radio just for fun霍老师修收音机只为消遣例2：Mr. Huo fixes up broken bicycle parts like wheels. 霍老师修理破损自行车部件，如轮子.（注意：broken破损的break-broke:破损）18. 中考之写信 write a letter to sb给某人写一封信=write sb a letter= write to sb hear from sb=receive a

26、 letter from sb收到某人来信 例句：Who wrote the letter to Mr.Huo？谁给霍老师写的这封信？19. 中考之give give-gave给 give sb sth= give sth to sb给某人某物（注意sth为人称代词时，使用带to的那个短语）例句: Id like to thank you for giving money to Animal Helpers.我想感谢你资助“动物帮手”. 20. 中考之set up (1) set up设立，开办 (2) build 建造 竖立，架起例1： Im sure you know that this

27、group was set up to help disabled people, like me.我确信你知道这个组织是为了帮助像我这样的残疾人才建立的例2：They set up an organization to help the poor build houses. 他们设立了一个组织来帮助穷人建房子21. 中考之make make it +形容词（for sb） to do sth 使(某人)做某事儿成为样的 make it possible (for sb) to do sth使(某人)做某事儿成为可能的 find it +形容词（for sb）to do sth发现做某事是的m

28、ake a difference to对有影响make no difference to对无影响例1：You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky有了你的帮助，我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”例2：I find it difficult to talk to you我发现跟你说话很难例3：Lucky makes a big difference to my life“幸运儿”对我的生活产生巨大的影响22. 中考之blind blind瞎的(形容词) deaf聋的(形容词) the blind瞎子们 the deaf聋子们 the poor穷人们

29、 the rich富人们 the sick病人们the old老人们the young年轻人们 the weak弱者们 the strong强者们 the disabled残疾人们例句：What would it be like to be blind or deaf？人要是失明或聋了会咋样啊？23. 中考之imagine imagine sb doing sth想象某人干某事 类似词组:give up doing sth放弃做某事enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事 regret doing sth后悔做某事keep doing sth持续做某事 put off doing sth推迟做

30、某事 finish doing sth完成做某事 mind doing sth介意做某事practice doing sth练习做某事例句：Or imagine you cant walk or use your hands easily. 或者，想象一下你不能自如的走或轻松地使用你的双手24. 中考之difficulty have difficulty in doing sth做某事有困难=have trouble in doing sth=have problems in doing sth例1：Most people would never think about this， but m

31、any people have these difficulties.大多数人从没考虑过这一点，但是许多人有这样的困难 例2：Mr. Huo has difficulty in solving the problem in such a short time. 霍老师在短时间内解决这个难题有困难25. 中考之open与close open开(动词)-close关(动词) open开着的(形容词)-closed 关着的(形容词) be open to对开放 keep open使开着with the eyes open眼睛睁着的例句：So normal things like answering

32、the telephone, opening and closing doors or carrying things are difficult for me.因此像接电话开关门或搬东西这些平常的事儿对我来说很困难 26. 中考之help out help out帮助解决 work out解出来例句：Then one day last year， a friend of mine （或one of my friends）helped me out.后来去年的一天，我的一位朋友帮我摆脱了困难27. 中考之train train火车（名词）train 训练（动词）train sb to do s

33、th训练某人干某事 train sb in sth在某方面训练某人 trainer教练员（名词）training培训（名词） trained受过训练的(形容词)例1：She talked to him about getting me a special trained dog.她与他联系试图给我一只经过训练的狗例2：Mr. Huo can train a horse to do farm work霍老师可以训练马做农活28. 中考之excited excited刺激的(人做主语) exciting刺激的(修饰物) be excited about对感到兴奋 be excited to do

34、sth兴奋地去做某事例1：I was excited about the idea of having a dog. 我对拥有一只狗的主意感到兴奋。例2：Mr.Huo was excited about the exciting news. 霍老师对那个刺激的消息感到兴奋29. 中考之kindness kind好心的,善良的(形容词) kindness好意;善意(名词)类似单词: ill-illness(疾病) sad -sadness（悲哀）happy- happiness（幸福）例句： Im only able to have a “dog helper” because of your

35、kindness. 正因为你的仁慈，我才能有一个狗狗帮手30. 中考之 change(1) change 改变（动词）改变（名词）零钱（不可数名词）(2) change ones mind改变某人的主意(3) change ones life改变某人的生活(4) change into把变成例句：Thank you again for changing my life.再次谢谢你改变了我的生活。31. 中考之interest （1）interest兴趣（名词）感兴趣（动词）（2）take an interest in对感兴趣=show an interest in= have an interest in=be interested in (3) interesting-interested感兴趣的 surprising -surprised 惊奇的tiring-tired劳累的relaxing -relaxed 放松的exciting-excited刺激的例1：What are your interests and hobbies？你的兴趣和爱好是什么？例2： Mr.Huo always takes an interest in old coins =Mr.Huo is always interested in old coins. 霍老师总是对古钱币感兴趣