Unit4 单词、短语及句式-2021-2022学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第一册.docx

1、Unit 4课文重点单词、短语及重点句式Part I 课文重点单词1. rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援【教材原句】What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area? 在受灾地区，救援人员和士兵在做什么？ 【高考例句】（2016北京）Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.现在，电击训练和医疗正在帮助营救这些大鸟。（2017全国1卷）I work with vo

2、lunteers for wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. 我和野生动物志愿者一起工作，这是一个位于蝗虫谷贝利植物园的救援和教育组织。【常用搭配】rescue sb./ sth. from从中营救某人/某物come to sbs rescue 营救某人【练一练】1. Firefighters _ from a burning building. 消防队员从着火的大楼里救出了一个孩子。2. damage vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失【教材原句】Which

3、buildings were damaged in Seoul？首尔哪些建筑物受损？ 【高考例句】（2015北京）But if the damage is caused by the user, you will have to pay for the repair. 但是，如果损坏是由用户造成的，那您必修支付维修费用。【常用搭配】do damage to sb/sth对造成损害【练一练】1. _. 吸烟严重损害健康。2. What human did to the environment in the past has done damage _their living planet now

4、.3. ruin n. 破坏；毁坏；废墟（多用复数） vt. 破坏；毁坏【教材原句】In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. 不到一分钟，一座大城市成为一片废墟。【高考例句】（2018全国2卷）Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? 谁会想通过吃垃圾视频来破坏他们的良好训练呢？【常用搭配】in ruins 破坏，成废墟【练一练】1. _. 坏天气毁了我们的旅行。2. In a second, the bridge lay in _(ruin). 4

5、. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊【教材原句】 People were in shockand then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. 人们惊呆了。接着，在下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一次大地震。【经典例句】（牛津高阶）The local community was shocked by the murders. 当地社会对这些谋杀案感到震惊。【相关拓展】be in shock 处于震惊中 shocked adj. 感到震惊的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的【练一

6、练】1. _. 听到这个令人震惊的消息，我感到很震惊。2. _. 听闻他去世了，我们都处在震惊中。5. trap vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱【教材原句】Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震后不久，部队派了15万名战士到唐山将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。【高考例句】（2015湖北）He freed it from the trap. 他把它从陷阱里救了出来。（2

7、017江苏）By paying attention to firms data assets, antitrust regulators could avoid the size trap. 通过关注公司的数据资产，反垄断监管机构可以避免规模陷阱。【常用搭配】be trapped in 被困在中【练一练】1. Some of the workers _ the ruins. 有些工人被困在废墟中。2. _(trap) in the net, the bird couldnt fly away.6. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬【教材原句】Soon after the quakes, the a

8、rmy sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震后不久，部队派了15万名战士到唐山将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。【高考例句】（2015陕西）Holden cared little where Judy was buried. 霍尔顿并不关心朱迪埋葬的地方所在。【常用搭配】bury ones head / oneself in = be buried in专心致志于【练一练】1._. 我父亲专心致志地看他的报纸。2._(bury) in readin

9、g, he didnt notice the thief enter the house.3.They sent the injured to the hospital and _(bury) the dead.7. supply n. 供应（量）；补给；pl. 补给品 vt. 供应；供给【教材原句】The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. 向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集的。【经典例句】We cannot guarantee adequate su

10、pplies of raw materials. 我们不能保证提供充足的原料。（牛津）【常用搭配】supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb向某人提供某物【练一练】1. _. 俄罗斯向欧盟国家输送天然气。（天然气 natural gas）2. The volunteers supplied the victims _food and water.3. On the Mid-autumn Day, our school will supply a mooncake _each of us. 8. deliver vt. & vi. 递送；传达【教材原句】Howev

11、er, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. 然而，危险的状况和被毁坏的道路将使运送食物和供应品变得困难。【高考例句】（2017浙江）I finally quit delivering newspapers and didnt see Mrs. 我最终停止了送报纸，没有见到夫人。 vt. 发表【高考例句】（2018全国3卷）He was just saying: “Im king of this forest, and here is your re

12、minder!” once his message was delivered, he allowed me to stay and watch. 他只是说：“我是这个森林的国王，这是您的提醒！”一旦他的信息发出，就让我留下来观看。 vt. 接生；生（小孩）Lin Qiaozhi often went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family. 林巧稚经常在深夜去为贫苦家庭的产妇接生。【常用搭配】deliver a letter/message 送信，传话 deliver a speech 发表演讲 deliver a baby 接生【

13、练一练】1._ about the economic development. 总统将就经济发展发表讲话。2.On a stormy night, his mother _(deliver) his sister.3. The _(deliver) of the parcel will be arranged tomorrow morning.9. power n能力；力量；权力 【经典例句】As is known to us, knowledge is power.众所周知，知识就是力量。【相关拓展】 (1)have the power to do sth.具有做某事的能力 come to

14、power 上台；执政(动作) be in power 执政；掌权(状态) beyond ones power 力所不能及的 (2)powerful adj. 强有力的 There was a time when the girl lost the power of speech. 曾经有一段时间，这个女孩不能说话。 It is reported that the new president will settle a lot of problems the moment he comes to power.据报道，新总统一上台就要解决很多问题。【练一练】1.It has been two y

15、ears since he came power.2.Im very sorry; it is my power to finish such a difficult task.3.I do believe that encouragement is so (power) that it can change a person.4.据我所知，这个政党执政两年了。As far as I know, it is two years since the party .As far as I know, the party for two years.10. calm vt.&vi.(使)平静；(使)

16、镇定adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的 【经典例句】It is of great importance to keep calm when a fire breaks out. 当火灾发生时保持冷静很重要。【相关拓展】 (1)calm down 平静下来 calm sb. down 使某人平静下来；使某人镇定下来 (2)keep calm 保持镇静 Calm down! There is nothing to worry about. 镇静下来！没有什么可担心的。 Calm yourself down；there is no need to feel upset about it. 让你自己平静下

17、来，没有必要为此事心烦。【练一练】 1.It is important in face of danger.在面临危险时，保持镇静是重要的。11.aid n. & vt.帮助；援助；资助【教材原句】Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami-hit countries.（人们）正在为遭受海啸袭击的国家组织外援。 【经典例句】I couldnt speak any French, but a nice man came to my aid and told me where to go. 我不会说法语，但是一位好心的男士来帮助我并告诉我怎么走。【

18、相关拓展】 (1)give first aid to sb.对某人急救 with the aid of 在的帮助下 (2)aid sb.in (doing) sth. 帮助某人做某事 aid sb.with sth. 以某事/物帮助某人 aid sb.to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 With the aid of our teachers, we learned how to perform first aid. 在老师的帮助下，我们学会了如何进行急救。 Id be very grateful if you can aid me with my English. 如果你能帮助我学习英语我

19、将不胜感激。拓展：with the aid of =with the help of【练一练】1.Neighbors aided him money when he almost lost everything in the fire.2.He is so kind a boy that he often aided his mother (clean) the house.12.strike vi.&vt.打； 撞击； 罢工； 突然想到；打动，迷住； 敲；鸣；报时； 侵袭n罢工strike 过去式、过去分词分别为：struck; struck/stricken【教材原句】 The under

20、sea quake struck around 7:00 a.m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesias Sumatra Island. 这场海底地震发生在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西海岸，时间是星期天早上7点左右。【经典例句】The tree was struck by lightning . 树遭到雷击。【相关拓展】 (1)be struck by.被打动 It strikes sb. that/wh.(sth. strikes sb.) 某人突然想起 (2) be/go on strike 举行罢工 【一词多义】写出下列句中strike的含义(1)T

21、he visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake.(2)The clock struck twelve when I got home last night.(3)A terrible earthquake struck Japan, making 30,000 people or so lose their lives.(4)A good idea struck me when I was reading the newspaper.【练一练】1.我突然想到，我应该拜访我的老师。 I should pay a visit to my

22、 teacher.2.The horse _(strike) by lightening.13. survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过【经典例句】Unluckily, no one survived the terrible accident. 不幸的是，没有人从这个可怕的事故中幸存。【相关拓展】 (1)survive sth. 幸免于；从中挺过来/活过来 A survive B (by.) A比B活得长 survive on 依靠生存下来 survive from. 从存活下来，流传下来 (2)survivor n 幸存者 survival n. U 幸存；C 残存物 Of

23、the six people injured in the terrible accident, only two survived. 在这次可怕的事故受伤的六人中，只有两人活了下来。 Some strange customs have survived from earlier times. 有些奇怪的风俗是从早年流传下来的。【练一练】1.The old lady has survived all her sisters and brothers ten years.2.I dont know how you all manage to survive such little money.3

24、.After he survived the earthquake, the old man became one of the few _(survive) of the family. 14.affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动【教材原句】In Sri Lanka, some 1,600 kilometres west of the quake centre, the number of deaths stood at 2,498, and one million more were affected by the tsunami, government officials s

25、aid. 政府官员称，在震中以西约1600千米处的斯里兰卡，死亡人数高达2498人，另有100多万人受到海啸的影响。【经典例句】As far as Im concerned, following others advice without thinking will affect our decision. 在我看来，不假思索地接受他人的意见将影响我们的决定。【相关拓展】 affect sb./sth. 影响某人/某事 be deeply affected by 被深深打动了 As a matter of fact, your opinion will not affect my decisi

26、on. 事实上，你的意见不会影响我的决定。 The disease is beginning to affect his eyesight. 疾病开始侵袭他的视力。名师指津：“对有很大影响” affect sb. greatly. have a great effect on sb. have a great influence on sb.【练一练】1.Most people present at the meeting were deeply (affect) by his speech.2.With the governments help, those people (affect)

27、by the earthquake have moved for the new settlements.3.Around 540 million people (affect) by secondhand smoke, which causes 100,000 deaths per year. Part 02短语精讲英文中文英文中文set up建立as many as多达as usual像往常一样be seriously injured严重受损come to an end结束in shock震惊the number of.的数量run to safety跑到安全的地方dig out挖掘war

28、ning sign警告标志a home to.的家园in the past 40 years在过去40年里go through经历suggest doing建议做某事in the open air露天；在户外blow away吹走on hand现有(尤指帮助)suffer from遭受sweep away消灭；彻底消除be expected to do预计做put up搭建， 举起， 张贴stay away from远离stay calm保持冷静on/off the coast在岸上，沿岸calm down冷静下来get back on ones feet恢复元气；东山再起翻译句子：1. 我们

29、打扫房间并清除掉坏运气。_2. 这一年就要到头了，大家都感到兴奋（be excited to do）。_3. 听讲的有200人之多。_4. 悲伤不是一夜之间(overnight)就能消失不见的，重新振作起来需要时间。_5. 许多学生考试怯阵(exam nerves)。 _6. 每个人都应该知道毒品的危害(the evils of drugs)并远离毒品。_7. 军队组织各队去挖出被困者，埋葬死者。_8. 现在你手里有什么。_9. 起初他很害怕，但后来他努力使自己平静下来。_10. 我们松了一口气，但同时又感到很惊讶。_Part 03句型精讲1. In the farmyards, the ch

30、ickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。32【解析】too.to.通常译为“太而不能”“太而无法”。too.to.结构中的 too 前有否定词时，如not/never too.to.则意为“做某事还不/决不太”。【仿写】1.I do all the cooking for my family, but recently I _ (太忙而没有时间做). 2.It is never too late _(to learn).2.It seemed as if the world were coming

31、 to an end! 仿佛到了世界末日！【解析】 as if as though “仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表语从句 It seemed (to sb) that/as if“(对某人来说)似乎”。 (1)as if从句用陈述语气： 从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。 (2)as if从句用虚拟语气： 从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)； 从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)； 从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反)。 Look at the clouds in the sky! It looks as if it is going to rainLe

32、ts hurry up 看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨，咱们快一点。 He talks to them as if they were(be) children 他同他们说话，就当他们是孩子一样。(与现在事实相反) He talks about Rome as if he had_been(be) there before 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。(与过去事实相反) He opened his mouth as if he would_say(say) something 他张开嘴好像要说什么。(与将来事实相反)【仿写】1.我建议你应该待在这儿，好像什么事也没有发生过。I sugge

33、st that you should stay here 2.他总是表现得他知道一切。 _.3. The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6，500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries在过去的四十年里，最强大的地震引发的一次海啸在昨日撞向

34、亚洲的海岸线，使印尼、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及至少其他四个国家的 6 500多人丧生。 【解析】killing more than 6，500 people为ving结构作结果状语。 (1)现在分词作结果状语常表示意料之内、情理之中的结果。 (2)不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。 I have learned you are trying to lose weight, _(hope) to become more beautiful 我得知你在努力减肥，希望变得更漂亮。 Her parents died in the earthquake, _(leave) her an orphan

35、 她父母死于地震，使她成为孤儿。 He hurried to the theatre, only _(find) that the tickets had been sold out 他赶到剧院，却发现票已经卖完了。【仿写】1.她丈夫十年前去世了，留下她和三个孩子需要照顾。Her husband died ten years ago, 2.I opened the fridge to get some milk but _(find) that there was none left.3.The disastrous earthquake hit the city and left thous

36、ands of people _(home). 4. I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home 我正在和三个孩子一起吃早餐这时家里开始充满了水。【解析】be doing sthwhen正在做某事这时when在此处是并列连词，表示“正在那时，这时”，常用句型有： be doingwhen正在做，就在这时 be about to dowhen正要做，就在这时 had just donewhen刚做过这时 The man was sleeping downstairs when t

37、he earthquake happened 这个男人正在楼下睡觉，这时地震发生了。 We were_having(have) a meeting when someone broke in 当时我们正在开会，突然有人闯了进来。【练一练】1.I had just come out of the kitchen someone knocked at the door我刚从厨房出来，就有人敲门。2.We were about to set out it began to rain我们正要动身，这时开始下雨了。Unit 4课文重点小结.词性转变1. affect v. 影响；侵袭；深深打动 effe

38、ct n. 影响; 结果; 效果 2.revive v. (使) 苏醒，复活 revival n. 复苏; 复兴; 再流行3.volcano n. 火山 volcanic adj. 火山的; 火山引起的; 火山产生的;4.erupt v. (火山) 爆发; (岩浆、烟等) 喷出 eruption n. 爆（喷）发 5.evacuate vt. 疏散; 撤出 vi. 撤离 evacuation n. 疏散；撤离 6.suffer vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等) 受苦 vt. 遭受; 蒙受 suffering n. 痛苦; 折磨; 苦难 7. long adj. 长的 length n. 长；长

39、度 8. survive v. 存活; 幸存 survival n. 存活; 幸存 survivor n. 幸存者 9. breath n. 呼吸; 呼吸的空气 breathe v. 呼吸 10.shock v. （使）震惊 n. 震惊; 令人震惊的事; 休克 shocking adj. 令人震惊的 shocked adj. 感到震惊的 11.summary n. 总结；概括；概要 summarize v. 总结；概括； 12.civilization n. 文明；文明世界 civilize v. 教化; 开化; 使文明; 使有教养 13.bury v. 埋葬; 安葬 burial n. 埋葬

40、; 葬礼 14.wise adj. 明智的; 明察善断的 wisdom n. 智慧; 才智 15.power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 powerful adj. 有权势的; 有影响力的; 强有力的; 力量大的 16.deliver vt.&vi 递送; 传达 vi. 发表 delivery n. 传送; 递送; 交付 17.destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 destruction n. 摧毁; 毁灭; 破坏 18. die v. 死 death n. 死亡 dead adj. 死的.课文重点短语详见Part II.课文重点句式1. too.to. 太而不能做.2. as if 引

41、导的方式状语从句3. everywhere引导的地点状语从句4. be about to do when sth. when 引导的并列句结构5. leave +n+adj/n 的结构 Unit 4课文重点单词、短语及句式随堂练习答案Part I 课文重点单词题号答案11. rescued a child21. Smoking seriously damages your health.2. to 31. The bad weather ruined our trip.2. ruins41. I was shocked to hear the shocking news.2. Hearing

42、his death, we were in shock.51. were trapped in2. Trapped61. My father buried his head / himself in his newspaper. = My father was buried in his newspaper. 2. Buried3. buried71. Russia supplies natural gas to the European countries.2. with3. to81. The president will deliver a speech2. delivered3. de

43、livery91. into2. beyond3. powerful4. came to powerhas been in power101.to keep calm111. with2. to clean 12（1） 打动，迷住（2） 钟(报时)（3） 侵袭（4） 突然想到1. It suddenly struck me that2. was struck131. by 2. on3. survivors141. affected2. affected3. are affectedPart 02短语精讲题号答案1We clean the house and sweep away bad lu

44、ck. 2Everyone was excited to see the year come to an end. 3There were as many as 200 people at the lecture. 4Sadness does not disappear overnight; it takes time to get back on ones feet. 5A lot of students suffer from exam nerves. 6Everyone should know the evils of drugs and stay away from them. 7Th

45、e army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 8Now then, what do you have on hand? 9He got scared at first, but then he tried to calm down. 10We felt a little relaxed. But we were in shock at the same time. Part 03句型精讲题号答案11. have been too busy to do it2. to learn21. as if nothing had happened2. He always behaves as if he knew everything.3hopingleaving to find1. leaving her with three children to look after2. to find3. homeless41. when 2. when