[32072988]03 说明文阅读 动名词用法复习 题型套餐练-【寒假特训】2022年高一英语寒假特训课程（上海专用）.docx

1、03 说明文阅读+动名词用法复习+题型套餐练 【课程目标】专题知识：针对考试题型，进行系统梳理，感悟解题方法。题型检测：链接考试真题，题型组合练，能力逐个突破。 说明文阅读解题技巧方法1细节理解题说明文通常突出介绍事件的过程、步骤和方法，同时通过具体的事例、数字、定义或图表等加以说明，所以该文体中的细节理解题常常和这些过程、步骤、方法、事例、数字、定义、图表等相关。考生解题时一定要准确地理解这些事实细节，进而做好相关的细节理解题。【典例】When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesnt sit quietly.Back in 1983，two scie

2、ntists，Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin，reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals kn

3、own as volatile organic compounds，VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.Its a plants way of crying out.But is anyone listening？Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But

4、others do double duty.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive, the_tables_are_turned.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study，it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors.The

5、 damage is usually more serious on the first plant，but the neighbors，relatively speaking，stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other？Scientists dont know.Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own br

6、anches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself.Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry.So information was exchanged, but it wasnt a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we

7、can see and hear.Our senses are weak.Theres a whole lot going on.语篇解读：植物受到攻击时会自卫吗？它们受到攻击时，一旁的其他植物会伸出援手吗？植物也会彼此交谈吗？或许这篇文章会为你解开这些疑惑，让你对植物世界有一个全新的认识。1What does a plant do when it is under attack?AIt makes noises. BIt gets help from other plants.CIt stands quietly. DIt sends out certain chemicals.解析细节理解

8、题。本题问的是一株植物受到攻击后会做什么？结合第一段的“Back in 1983，two scientists，Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin，reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.”和第二段的“Scientist

9、s have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.”可知，D项符合题意。答案D 方法2主旨大意题说明文中的主旨大意题通常会体现作者写作的目的、文章主题思想、段落大意及阅读人群、文章出处等。这样，考生需要根据文章或段落的主题句、作者说明的主要内容等信息确定和主旨大意相关的试题，从而做出正确的选择。【典例】Many of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance. Th

10、ese colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein , iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein).

11、 Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries ), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with ber

12、ries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze

13、of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.zx.x.kIf you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” cre

14、amy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a childrens party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below. From which is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook. B. A health magazine. C. A research

15、 paper. D. A travel brochure.语篇解读：本文是一篇日常生活类说明文。文中讲述了人们热爱水果丰盛的7月，这时候各种水果营养丰富且含有对人体有益的微量元素，尤其是香蕉。我们可以利用它做一些孩子喜欢的甜点或冰淇淋。【解析】文章出处题。文章首先指出七月是水果盛产的季节，并指出各种水果富含的营养，最后一段指出我们可以用a juicer为孩子们做一些甜点和冰激凌，故最可能是从健康杂志上摘取的文章。A项意为：生物教科书；B项意为：一本健康杂志；C项意为：一篇研究论文；D项意为：一本旅游手册。答案 B 方法3标题判断题科普说明文多出现标题判断题，考查考生对全文的理解，它常以What

16、 would be the best title for this passage? What can be a suitable title for the text?等为设问方式，文章标题可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子，它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。答案需要理解文章后归纳文章中心。【典例】3D printing is becoming more and more popular. We are now able to create things we need very

17、 quickly and easily using 3D printers. But can you imagine printing food?Some scientists are trying to revolutionize the dining experience by doing this. They hope that having a 3D printer in the kitchen will be as common as the microwave oven or blender.Scientists say that itll be quite easy: you s

18、imply have to select a recipe and put the raw food inks into the printer. You can also modify the instructions to make the food exactly how you want it. This means that it would be very quick and easy to create tasty and nutritious meals.Using 3D printers to create your meals would also be saving th

19、e environment. There would be less need for traditional growing, transporting and packaging processes as food production would be a lot more efficient. For example, alternative ingredients such as proteins from algae, beetroot leaves and insects could be converted into tasty products.Printing food c

20、ould also help people who suffer from dysphasia (a swallowing disorder). They could program the printer to print softer versions of their favorite foods so that they would not have trouble in swallowing them.However, some people think that a future of 3D food printing would be a disaster. It could t

21、ake away many jobs, including those fro growing, transporting and packaging food. Imagine a world where there was no need for farming or growing crops and the same tastes could be printed from a raw “food ink”. Likewise, traditional cafes and restaurants might lose business. Also, there are concerns

22、 about the nutritional value of printed food: is it really possible to be get the nutrients we need from food based inks and gels(凝胶)?Whats more , cooking and eating together with family and friends has long been a traditional and enjoyable activity. It is hard to imagine a world where the pleasure

23、of cooking is dead and meals can be created at the touch of a button.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. 3D food “printing”: coming to the kitchen B. Can 3D printing create everything?C. 3Dprinting food will be in fashion! D. The disadvantage of 3D food printing语篇解读：本文介绍了一块新

24、发明-3D食物打印机，它是一款能像打印文件一样把食物印出来的机器。根据科学家拟定的设计蓝图，这部3D食物打印机配合传统工程计算机所用的CAD设计软件，懂得把什么材料放在什么位置，逐行逐层那样铺上去。他们相信，这部新产品将来可以作商业用途，只要普及成功，势必大大改变人类的生活面貌。【解析】主旨大意题。根据全文大意得知本文讲述了一项新发明-即将进入厨房的3D食物打印机。答案 A 方法4推理判断题为了考查考生的逻辑推理判断能力，说明文中的推理判断题通常要求考生推断出事件发展过程和步骤的重要环节以及作者使用举例和对比等写作手法的具体目的等。这时，考生需要联系文章的主题思想对推理判断题加以突破。【典例】

25、Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.While household robots today do

26、 the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.How are social robots different from household robots?A. They can con

27、trol their emotions. B. They are more like humans.C. They do the normal housework. D. They respond to users more slowly.语篇解读：文章主要介绍了社会机器人的功能与作用。【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段第一句可知，现在家务机器人做正常的家务，而社会机器人不仅仅是工具，更像是伙伴。由此可知社会机器人更像人类，故选B。答案 B 方法5代词指代判断题科技说明文在对自然奥秘、动植物生存侍点及产品工艺原理进行解释时，易出现动作变换多、人称转变频的现象，因此常出现代词指代判断题，这些试题常

28、以it；they；them 等表物的代词为命题题点，要求考生裉据上下文语语境逻辑推断其指代对象。解题时应认真分析动作转换背景，区分动作不同执行者，从而准确判断代词的正确指代。【典例】His blackandwhite pictures present a world almost lost in time.These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for.These local citizens now have to balance their traditional

29、selfsupporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic，which brings with it not only necessary state welfare，but also alcoholism，betrayal and even suicide.What does the underlined world “it” in the last paragraph refer to?AThe modern French lifestyle. BThe selfsupp

30、orting hunting.CThe uncivilized world. DThe French Republic.解析分析画线词所在句的句子结构可知，which brings with it not only necessary state welfare，but also alcoholism，betrayal and even suicide为非限制性定语从句，修饰the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic，故it指的是“法国现代的生活方式”。答案A 方法6生词词义猜测题科普说明文往往揭示自然奥秘、动植物生存特点及产品工艺原

31、理，易出现一些学术性较强的生词，因此常出现生词词义判断题，这种试题常以What does the underlined word mean?或What is the meaning of the underlined word?为设问方式考查对生词词义的判断。词义猜测题的设置通常和定义、概念、举例等有关，这有助于对词汇的理解，解题时考生要注意捕捉这些信息，正确理解相关词汇的意思。【典例】.In his book，he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from rea

32、ching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica.The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to “ _”Afreezing points Bburning pointsCmelting points Dboiling points解析本题要求猜测tipping points的意思，根据下文的例子“such as the melting(融化)of

33、the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica”可知，tipping points的意思为“融化点”，与C项同义。答案C 方法7篇章结构题对文章组织结构的考查不外乎两个层次。一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构，一是按写作方法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。为突出主题作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。对这类题型的考查主要体现在以下几个方面：最常见的提问方式是：The sentence in paragraph means _.; The example of in para.is used to illu

34、strate/show_ .Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?【典例】The Indian government may use 3D paintings as virtual speed-breakers on major highways arid roads, in an attempt to check speeding and careless driving, and eventually make its deadly roads a little safer. “We are tryin

35、g out 3D paintings used as virtual speed breakers to avoid unnecessary requirements of speed breakers,” Indias transport minister Nitin Gadkari tweeted.The visual illusions are supposed to encourage drivers to slow down automatically. Earlier this month, India had ordered the removal of all speed br

36、eakers from highways, which are considered to be a danger to safety for high-speed vehicles.India has the highest number of road accident deaths in the world. According to the World Health Organisation, over 200,00 people are killed by road accidents due to poor application of road safety laws. This

37、 is considerably higher than its official figures of 141,526 for 2014.The use of visual illusions as speed breakers was first pioneered in the American city of Philadelphia in 2008, as part of a campaign against speeding motorists. The technique has also been tried out in China to create floating 3D

38、 crossings.In India, cities such as Ahmedabad and Chennai have already experimented with 3D zebra crossings in the last one year. In Ahmedabad for instance, two artists, mother and daughter have painted 3D crosswalks in the first few months of this year. The artists say their motto is “to increase t

39、he attention of drivers”, and that the concept has been successfully tested in zones where accidents easily occur on a highway.”However, critics argue that once drivers know that these speed breakers arc visual illusions, they may ignore them. Others also point out that Indias decision does not cons

40、ider the safety of a large number of walkers. In the end, the new policy may be just one step towards improving road safety.The author explains the experiment of 3D zebra crossings in India by _.A. giving examples B. analyzing causesC. providing figures D. making comparisons【答案】A 实战演练 Reading Compre

41、hension AThe Basics of MathMade ClearBasic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数) and beyond.

42、The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic rel

43、ates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students

44、 the chance to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazingand completely understandablefield of study.By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved the

45、ir understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kent

46、ucky Educational Television as “the best math teacher in America,” is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendl

47、ier and less scary.With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers.If the course fails to provide complete satisfactio

48、n to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.1. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover?A. Algebra. B. College Mathematics.C. Arithmetic. D. Mathematics Education.2. What benefits can students expect from Basic Math?A. Stronger imaginat

49、ive ability.B. Additional presentation skills.C. More mathematical confidence.D. Greater chances of becoming teachers.3. What can we learn about Professor H. Siegel?A. He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television.B. He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math.C. He works in Georgia State

50、 University.D. He specializes in training teachers.4. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?A. A news report. B. A book reviewC. A lesson plan. D. An advertisement【答案及解析】1.C Basic Math包括哪些方面，第二段中The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic.2.C. 第4段中，They will b

51、e able to clear away the mystery of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined.3.B 第五段中，he is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious.4.D 最后一段中，If the course fails to provide complete sat

52、isfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back. BA new “smart bin” could mean the end of environment-conscious families spending hours sorting tins, cartons, bottles, and cardboard for recycling.The invention, which can help sort rubbi

53、sh into recycling categories without needing people to operate. It is being trialed in Poland and is set to go on sale in UK within a few years.The bin, designed by start-up company Bin.E, recognizes different type of waste via a system positioned inside the bin which uses sensors, image recognition

54、 and artificial intelligence. Once waste is placed inside, the camera and sensor identify its type and place it in one of the smaller bins. Then it compresses the waste so it occupies less space.It is thought that the bin could be stocked by department stores such as John Lewis, which said it is int

55、roducing more new hi-tech recycling bins. Matt Thomas, a buyer at John Lewis, gave us the reason, “Weve recently seen a jump in specialist bins sales, with a 25 percent increase in the last few months alone. We have noticed our customers are becoming more and more focused on sustainability. In respo

56、nse to this demand, we are really excited to introduce a smart bin this autumn/winter season-designed to make recycling more efficient and functional for the everyday home.Bin.Es official release on the market will take place in 2018. However, at first only a larger version designed for offices will

57、 be available. The office bin will sell at 430 while customers will need to pay a 107 subscription fee for an accompanying smartphone app, which hooks them up with collection services. A spokesman at Bin.E said that home version of the bin will be cheaper and will not include a monthly payment.They

58、added: “After the office version, we plan to create an outdoor version and later the home version. We decided to go for the outdoor version for public areas first because it is more difficult to organize an efficient waste segregating system than in our homes.”5. What do we know about about a new “s

59、mart bin” from the first paragraph?A. It works automatically. B. It has been used widely.C. It is easy to operate. D. It is very expensive.6. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. The waste. B. The camera.C. The bin. D. The sensor.7. Why is John Lewis introducing more new hi-

60、tech recycling bins?A. To change peoples behaviour,B. To satisfy increasing demands.C. To popularize new technology.D. To make them more famous.8. Where will the first version of new “smart bin” be used according to Bin. Es official?A. At home. B. In the supermarket.C. In the open air. D. In the off

61、ice.【答案】5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D6. C词义猜测题。根据前边The invention, which can help sort rubbish into recycling categories without needing people to operate这项发明可以帮助垃圾分类，可知it指代the smart bin，故选C。8. D细节理解题。根据文章However, at first only a larger version designed for offices will be available.最初只有一个为办公室设计的更大胆版本才可以使用。可知最

62、初是在办公室使用，故选D。CPetrol and diesel cars may still dominate our roads, but their days are numbered. A recent university study found that current electric cars could be used for 87 per cent of daily car journeys in the US. That figure could rise to 98 per cent by 2020.One hurdle to the widespread adoptio

63、n of electric cars has been “range anxiety”-drivers concerns about running out of juice on a journey. While petrol stations are conveniently located across national road systems, the necessary network of electric charging stations is still being developed. In fact, charging points are becoming incre

64、asingly common throughout the USA.Attitudes towards electric vehicles have changed quite considerably over the last few years. Not that long ago, electric cars met with distrust, and their high price tags drove customers away. Thanks to improvements in battery capacity, recharging times, performance

65、 and price, the current generation of electric cars is starting to persuade critics. Plug in cars will soon give internal combustion engine models a run for their money.As well as advancements on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the sea and sky. Electric boats are among the oldest electric

66、vehicles, having enjoyed several decades of popularity from the late 19th to the early 20th century before petrol-powered outboard motors took over. Now, the global drive for renewable energy sources is bringing electric boats back. Steps towards electric planes are also being made, with Airbus and

67、NASA among the organizations developing and testing battery-powered planes. The experiments could soon make commercial electric flight a reality.Electric vehicles do not produce any emissions. Were the US to act on the studys findings and replace 87 percent of its cars with electric vehicles, it wou

68、ld reduce the national demand for petrol by 61 per cent. However, because of the production processes and the generation of electricity required to charge these vehicles, they cannot claim to be completely emission-free. Even so, as many countries continue to increase their use of renewable energy s

69、ources, electric vehicles will become even cleaner.9. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?A. My Dream Car B. History of Electric CarsC. Problems with Petrol Cars D. Driving into the Future10. The underlined word “hurdle” in Paragraph 2 means _.A. aim B. barrier C. consequen

70、ce D. step11. In the past, why did many people refuse to buy the electric cars according to the passage?A. They were not good value. B. They were very poorly made.C. They were not widely promoted D. They couldnt travel at a high speed.12. What is the function of Paragraph 4?A. To introduce the histo

71、ry of electric vehicles.B. To explain why the world needs more electric cars.C. To show why more people have interest in electric carsD. To describe different ways electric vehicles can be used.【文章大意】 本文属于科技文类。汽油和柴油汽车可能仍然主宰着我们，但很快会被电动车辆所替代。电动汽车不产生任何排放物，随着在陆路方面的进步，电动汽车正朝着海洋和天空方向发展。而未来的车辆一定是电动时代。【答案与解

72、析】【答案定位】根据第二段破折号后的内容 “One hurdle to the widespread adoption of electric cars has been range anxiety drivers concerns about running out of juice on a journey.” 可知，让司机在行驶中担心会电用光的一定是车的一个缺点，障碍。分析选项（A目标；B障碍；C后果；D步骤，手段）可知B项是符合题意的。 【点拨】猜测词义之策略（1）：依据标点符号猜测词义。标点符号是词义猜测的最直接，最简单的信号词。比如，破折号（ - ）、冒号 ( ： ) 常常起解释说

73、明的功能，引号（）和（ ( ) ）有时也起到相同的作用。12. D。推理判断题。根据第四段的第一句“As well as advancements on the road, electric vehicles are taking to the seas and skies.” 除了公路上（汽车）的进步，电动交通工具正朝着海洋和天空方向发展。由此可知电动交通工具以不同的方式出现在陆路，海上及空中。分析选项可知D项（描述电动交通工具的不同的用途）符合题意，故选D。 动名词用法复习 一、动名词的形式动名词的形式：动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。 语 态 形式主动语态被动语态一般式

74、doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否定式：not + 动名词 二、动名词的用法动名词句法功能：动名词在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语1. 动名词作主语 动名词作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1) 把动名词置于句首。如： Learning new words is very useful to me。(2) 用it作形式主语，把真正的主语置于句后，常用于下列句式中：It + is+ no good, no use, a waste of time/money, fun, useless, nice, boring,

75、 foolish +doing：It is fun doing shopping in small markets.注意：important, necessary, essential, impossible等形容词后只能用不定式。注意2：1）动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数； 2）当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时，要遵循前后一致原则，主语和表语在形式上要 求统一： Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 2. 动名词作宾语 句型一：动词+动名词充当宾语在一些动词后只可以用动名词做宾语而不可以用不定式做宾语例如：admit; advise; ri

76、sk finish, stop, cant help, consider, advise, practice, miss, imagineNowadays, many people are considering going abroad for further study. 必背动词admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免forbid 禁止consider考虑delay 耽误deny 否认detest 讨厌endure 忍受enjoy 喜欢escape 逃脱fancy 想象finish 完成imagine 想象mind 介意miss 想念postpone推迟practice

77、 训练recall 回忆propose 建议resume 继续resist 抵抗risk 冒险suggest 建议keep 继续include 包括stand 忍受understand 理解forgive 宽恕recommend推荐advise建议involve涉及mention提及resist 抵制permit 默许allow 允许 必背：带介词to的短语跟动名词:be used to 习惯; be equal to 胜任 ; be given to 沉溺于; be opposed to 反对; be related to与有关; devote oneself to 献身于; get dow

78、n to 着手做; give rise to 引起; lead to 导致; look forward to 盼望; object to 反对; pay attention to 注意; put ones mind to 全神贯注于; stick to 坚持 be reduced to 沦落为句型二：sb+think/consider/find/feel like/+it（形式宾语）+useless/no use/no good(宾补)+doing.例：I found it useless arguing about it.Do you consider it worth buying a h

79、ouse in the country?句型三：主动形式表被动意义：need, want, require, deserve, worth 等词后面，通常接动名词的主动形式来表达被动意义：如：1) The grass needs cutting =The grass needs to be cut; 2) Many nurses were worth praising because they did a good job in the Asian tsunami 3) Many nurses deserved praising(to be praised) because they did

80、a good job in the Asian tsunami注：need, want, require, deserve+ doing = need, want, require, deserve+ to be done句型四：作介词的宾语，放在类似于be afraid of, be/get used/accustomed to, think of, be fond of, feel like, give up, look forward to, pay attention to, have trouble/difficulties in , insist on , persist in,

81、put off 等的词组后作宾语。注意：介词+动名词一起充当主句状语时，动名词的逻辑主语应与主句主语一致。1）We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.2）Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?3）He came to the party without being invited (with+动名词构成伴随状语).4）The driver was fined for having drunk while driving (for+动名词构成加原因状语). 句型五

82、：There is + no good/no use/no point+(in) doing，“做某事没有好处、用处、意义”There is no good (in) doing so much homework every day without thinking if it is worthwhile.注意：(1) 在There be句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语：There is no telling what will happen. There is no joking about such matters.(2)动名词前的介词有时可以省略，如：have difficul

83、ty (in) doing, have no trouble (in)doing, prevent/stop(from)doing, there is no use(in)doing等。句型六：作形容词的宾语，通常用在be worth doing, be busy doing的句型中：The music is well worth listening to more than once.We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 3. 动名词作表语 例：My favourite sport is swimming。注：job, work,

84、 hobby做主语时，表语用动名词。例：My job is teaching。 动名词做表语时要注意与进行时态区分，例：She was washing clothes。Her job was washing clothes。 4.动名词作定语 动名做定语置于名词前，说明所修饰词的性质以及用途，具有名词性质。例：a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washingsleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping 5.

85、 作同位语The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。 实战演练 一、 语法单句填空1. Doctors warn people that _ (control) anger through unnatural methods is much more harmful to a persons health than the anger itself. 2. Childre

86、n with bad grades can always think of brilliant ways to escape _. (punish)3. Owing to the adequate preparations, the research team did not have much trouble _ (locate) the wrecked ship. 4._ (expose) to radiation in the laboratory too often caused Marie Curies death. 5. Young people may risk _(go) de

87、af if they are exposed to very loud music every day.6. I had great difficulty (find)the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.7. Bill suggested _ (hold)a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.8. Something as simple as _(drink) some cold water may clear your mind and

88、relieve pressure. 9. The thief drove as fast as he could to avoid _（catch）by the police.10. People are not allowed to enter the garden to prevent the flowers (destroy). 答案： 1. controlling 2. being punished 3.locating 4. Being exposed 5. going 6. finding 7. holding 8. drinking 9. being caught 10. bei

89、ng destroyed 二 、语法填空For most people, meat is a necessary part of any meal. But just ask yourself, would you still eat it （1）_ you knew that it had come from a cloned chicken or pig?The European Food Safety Authority has, so far, found no indication（2）_ food products, such as milk and meat, from clon

90、ed animals, are less safe than ones from normal animals. However, there are still economic and ethical (伦理的) concerns related to (3) _(eat) cloned animals.Thats (4) _ the European Union has launched a proposal（5）_( ban) the sale and import of food from cloned animals.First of all, cloning is extreme

91、ly costly. More importantly, cloning has a low success rate. It means that many cloned animals wont survive into adulthood, and some (6) _ die before they are even born. This causes unnecessary suffering among animals and（7）_ (oppose) by animal rights supporters.While it would make it illegal to sel

92、l and import cloned animals, the proposal says that (8) _ sale and import of food from the offspring (后代) of clones would be allowed since they are not considered to be the direct products of cloning. But they are required to be clearly labeled (9) _ _ customers can choose whether they want them or

93、not.The proposal (10) _ (put) to the European Parliament and member states, and it is not expected to come into force until 2019. 答案：1.if 2.that 3. eating 4. why 5. to ban 6. may 7. is opposed 8. the 9., so that 10. will be put 三、 词汇填空 A. regularB. eventually C. inspired D. value E. substitute F. wh

94、ollyG. bother H. estimates I. involve J. resistant K. replacingWhich came first, the chicken or the egg? This question has remained unsolved for hundreds of years, yet soon it might not be a problem anymore the egg of the future may not 1 a chicken at all.But if not from a chicken, where will the eg

95、g come from? Apparently, a plant is one of the possibilities, as Hampton Creek, a food technology company in San Francisco, US, has found. They created a 2 for eggs, called Beyond Eggs, using a mixture of 11 plants, including sunflowers and a variety of beans. Unlike the image you might now have in

96、your mind, Beyond Eggs look nothing like 3 eggs. They are sold as gray powder that you mix with water before cooking. But the final product tastes just like the real thing.But the question is, why 4 with “plant eggs”? Whats the problem with ordinary eggs?The truth is that 99 percent of our eggs come

97、 from industrial warehouses (养鸡场仓库) where chickens are crowded into cages too small for them to even spread their wings. This cruelty is what 5 Hampton Creek to carry out the Beyond Eggs project in the first place.In addition, the cages where chickens are kept so close together are a hotbed for viru

98、ses. To help the chickens stay healthy, farmers feed them antibiotics (抗生素), which may cause dangerous bacteria to grow 6 to the drugs and 7 spread to humans through eggs and meat.In fact, 8 the egg is not a new idea, but Beyond Eggs seems to be the most successful attempt so far.Besides their great

99、 taste and eco-friendliness, Beyond Eggs provide the same nutritional 9 as real eggs, and theyre even healthier since they dont contain cholesterol (胆固醇). The company also 10 that the cost of their products is around 19 percent less than real eggs, which makes them more affordable.答案：15 I E A G C 61

100、0 J B K D H 四、翻译题（注意动名词用法）1. 吃太多的甜食容易使人发胖。(likely)2在冬天的夜晚我宁愿待在家里。(prefer)3和园丁们一起工作让我们学到许多关于花卉的知识。(enable) 4. 躺在草地上听音乐真是惬意。(It) 5. 多吃蔬菜和水果有益健康。(good) 6. 众所周知, 与他人和睦相处是生活幸福的要素之一。（As）7. 这个比赛旨在鼓励年轻人继承中国文化的传统。（aim）8. 不可否认个人信息的泄露可能会带来安全风险。 （denying）9. 我们按照警察的指点，很容易地找到了要去的地方。(difficulty)1 10. 我真的很感激在这个愉快的周

101、末有时间和你一起放松。(appreciate) 参考答案：1. Eating too much sweets is likely to make one fat.2. I prefer staying indoors on cold winter evenings./ I prefer to stay indoors on cold winter evenings3. Working with gardeners enables us to learn a lot of knowledge about flowers.4. It is pleasant lying on the grass a

102、nd enjoying the music.5.Eating / Having more vegetable and fruits / fruit does good to/ is good for ones health.6. As we all know/ As is known to all, getting along well with others is one of the factors for happiness in life7.The contest aims at encouraging young people to inherit the Chinese cultural tradition.8.There is no denying that the exposure of personal information may bring about security risks.9. Following the policemans direction, we had no difficulty in finding the place we wanted to go.10. I really appreciate having time to relax with you on this nice weekend.