[32072992]07 翻译解题技巧 完形填空技巧 题型套餐练-【寒假特训】2022年高一英语寒假特训课程（上海专用）.docx

1、07 翻译解题技巧+完形填空技巧+题型套餐练 【课程目标】专题知识：针对考试题型，进行系统梳理，感悟解题方法。题型检测：链接考试真题，题型组合练，能力逐个突破。 翻译解题技巧换序换序主要有两种：句序调换与词序调换。英语与中文语法结构不同，在翻译过程中，不能对原文的次序与句序照抄照搬、一一对应，常常需要调换原文的前后次序。根据英语语言习惯，翻译时对中文原句词序与句序进行调整，使英文译文通顺达意，称为换序。 句序调换例1 你能打电话给我，真是体贴啊！译文：It is considerate of you to make a phone call to me.（正确）解析：You can make

2、a phone call to me, which is considerate.（错误。这是曲解了原文，也不是地道的表达。原文的“能”不是能力问题，而是“这么做了”的含义。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话。原文意指“你真是体贴啊”。） 例2 我还来不及接起电话，他就挂断了。译文：He hung up before I could answer the phone.（正确）解析：I couldnt answer the phone and he hung up.（错误。这样翻译不能表达原文含义，且用and连接之后很难看出前后两个句子之间的逻辑关系。） 语序调换多个定语同时修饰一个

3、中心词时，汉语与英语的次序一般有所不同。通常，汉语词序是：限定性定语+国别定语+时间、地点定语+数量、种类、次第等定语+判断性定语+陈述性定语+本质性定语+中心词。而英语的词序则常是：冠词、指示词+不定代词、名词所有格、序量词等+表达主观判断的定语+描述客观表象的定语+国别定语+原料材质+用途定语+中心词。当过多的定语词组出现时，可以通过用in或of等介词引导的定语词组或者用that或which等连词引导的定语从句对部分定语词组进行后置处理，以此来保持结构上的平衡。需要注意的是：汉语里没有后置定语。例1 这位老人经历了美国战后第六次后果严重的波及各个领域的经济危机。译文：The old man

4、 experienced the sixth post-war economic crisis of serious consequences that influenced a variety of fields in America.解析：这位老人经历了经济危机。这是句子的主要成分，其余部分均为中心词“经济危机”的定语。但是在英语译文中，词序发生了很大的变化。例2 你应该就你的所作所为向在场的所有人表示歉意。译文：You should apologize to all present for what you have done.解析：汉语里没有后置定语，而英语中后置定语却很常见。all

5、present, present作“在场的、出席的”解时，就是典型的后置定语。另外，介词短语、分词短语和不定式短语及定语从句，都往往置于所修饰的名词之后。具有多项状语时，英语语序通常是：条件状语+目的状语+主语+程度状语+谓语+方式状语+频度状语+时间状语+宾语。这是一般情况，并不绝对，具体还要根据语言交际的需要而定。例3 我公司为此于今年二月正式地多次向贵校表示合作意向。译文：For this purpose, my company officially showed intention to cooperate with your school many times in February

6、 this year.解析：划线部分为句子的主要部分，其他均为修饰动词的状语，分别表示目的、时间、方式、频度等。但是在英文译文中，词序发生了很大的变化。例4 去年8月份的时候，他在郊区买了一套房子。译文：He bought an apartment in the suburbs in August last year.解析：英语中通常先说地点状语、再说时间状语。这与中文是不同的。断句在汉译英时，面对复杂的长句，考生时常不知从何下手。为了有效地翻译好长句，我们可对其进行语法分析，先找出句子的主语、谓语和宾语，然后找出修饰主语和宾语的定语和定语从句以及修饰谓语的状语和状语从句。捋清句子的层次后按照

7、英语的习惯将翻译的片段整合搭配，再进行翻译，再检查是否有拼写或者基础语法错误。这就是断句，断句是建立在充分理解中文原句的基础之上的。例1 我万万没想到对电脑知识一窍不通的奶奶如今也迷上了网购。（occur 2015松江一模）译文：It has never occurred to me that Grandmother who knows nothing about computer knowledge should be indulged in/addicted to/obsessed with online shopping.解析：原句的主干是：我没想到奶奶迷上网购。(1)我(2)万万没想到

8、(3)对电脑知识一窍不通的奶奶也迷上了网购。在原文中，(1)“我”是主语， (2)“万万没想到是” 谓语，(3) “奶奶如今也迷上了网购”是宾语，其中对电脑知识一窍不通的是修饰“奶奶”的定语，而且是个句子，就是定语从句。主句我们可以翻译为：It has never occurred to me that my grandmother.should be indulged in/addicted to/obsessed with online shopping. 句子的主干出来后，再把定语从句放在先行词后面 who knows nothing about computer knowledge.

9、最后句子就翻译成如下最终结果： 例2 他向朋保证在任何情况下都不会违背做一个诚实守信的人的承诺。（under no circumstances）（2015奉贤区二模）译文：He assured his friends that under no circumstances would he break the promise that he would be an honest man.解析：他向朋友保证在任何情况下都不会违背做一个诚实守信的人的承诺。句子的主干就是他保证他不会违背承诺，可见assured 的宾语是个句子，即，则可以翻译为He assured thathe would brea

10、k the promise. “做一个诚实守信的人的”是一个同位语从句来修饰promise的，将其翻译为：he would be an honest man，用that引导后放在promise后，就形成：He assured thathe would break the promise that he would be an honest man. 检查后发现缺少原文中的“向他朋友”，翻译为assure sth to his friends 或者assure his friends sth. 合句我们在汉译英时有必要、也有可能把两个或两个以上的汉语句子翻译成一个英语句子。采用合句译法时，都是根

11、据原文各句之间的逻辑关系，在译文的句与句之间加上连接词语，如汉语译文中的“因为” “如果” “但是”“又又”以及英语译文中的“and” “while” “when” “so” “but” “because” “for” “as” “who”等。例1 今天下午我没空，我和牙医有约。（2015上海高考）译文：Im not free/available this afternoon because I have/have made an appointment with my dentist.解析：中文原句虽然没有明显的逻辑关联词，但是却有明显的前后因果关系，因此，用because连接是很合适的。反

12、而，如果使用逗号，不加任何连词却是犯了语法错误。例2 这小孩太调皮，使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱。（2006上海高考）译文：So naughty is the child that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work.解析：使用“sothat”的句型能很好地将中文的前后两个部分结合起来。 转态所谓转换语态就是在翻译的过程中把原文中的被动语态转换为主动语态，或把原文中的主动语态换成译文中的被动语态。汉语中用主动语态的一些句子在翻译成英语时，我们也可以根据具体情况把主动语态换成被动语态。关于转态译法，我们需要注意两

13、点：一是汉译英时汉语原文中的无主句译成英语后必须添加主语或者使用被动语态；另一点，有时汉语中用“受、为、由”时，在英语中用被动。 例1 大家相信国家经济会发展得越来越好的。译文：It is believed that the economy of the country will develop increasingly better. 解析：中文原句是一个典型的主动语态，但是英语这样的含义通常用It is believed that这样的被动句来表达。例2 病人们收到了悉心的照顾，深为感动。译文：The patients were taken good care of, so they we

14、re deeply moved.解析：中文原句看上去是主动语态，实际上“得到了和深为感动”均是英语被动语态的信号。 正话反说与反话正说由于语言的习惯不同，汉译英时常常“正话反说或反话正说”。汉语中的“无、不、没、未、别、莫、非、勿”等词，英语中的“not、never、no、yet”以及词缀“un-、in-、im-、non-、-less”等具有否定含义，称为“反说”，不含这些词或者成分，称为 “正说”。正话反说例1 他一直希望自己能成为老板的助手。译文：The idea that he should become an assistant to his boss never deserted h

15、im. 解析：中文愿意没有任何表示否定含义的词，译文巧妙地使用了the idea has never deserted him 的反说方式表达了原文的含义。例2 她光着脚走进了房间。译文：She came into the room with no shoes on.解析：中文原文“光着脚”，译文用反说“with no shoes on”的结构表达，也突出了“走进”的关键动词。 反话正说例1 他提前三天到达是我们没想到的。译文：His arrival three days in advance is beyond our expectation.解析：中文原文“没想到”的反说，译文用“beyo

16、nd our expectation”的正说表达了出来。例2 还没有到家，这个小女孩就激动的不得了。译文：The little girl got extremely excited before she reached home.解析：中文原文有两处反说：“没到家与不得了”，译文用“before和extremely”的正说表达了出来。lectronic products the students are talking about， and/so I find myself left behind/ outdated/ out of date. 完形填空解题技巧解题思路一：依据首句线索，紧扣主

17、题选择。首句通常是文章的主题句，通常不设空，便于考生对短文主题、内容或背景有个大概了解。它的目的是向考生提供时间、地点、人物、事件、论点等有用的信息。把握了主题句,对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals wi

18、th people running after them. Life for ancient peoples earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. OtherwiseResearch has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of

19、the day, not heated debates about films weve just watched or books weve just finished reading, but plain and simple _51_.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language 解题思路二：仔细推敲, 注意逻辑关系和过渡词。做题时,要充分利用上下文,找到适当的逻辑关系。常考逻辑关系有：并列、转折、递进、对比、因果、让步、例证等。分为以下5种关系：1）对立关系包括让步和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语：but, however, yet,

20、 on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, although, even though, nevertheless, in spite of, regardless of, anyhow, instead of, rather than, notbut等。2）因果关系常用的标志词和短语有：because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, sothat, suchthat, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to,

21、 in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, as a result, for this reason等。3）并列关系常用的标志词和短语有：and, or, neithernor, eitheror, not onlybut also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, sameas等。4）总分关系常用的标志词和短语有：such as, f

22、or example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically等。5）递进关系常用的标志词和短语有：then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more，whats worse, even worse等。 题目中一般也会考一题过渡词。以下为必须掌握的常考过渡词和词组： 另外，而且：besides, moreover, furthermore, in additi

23、on, whats more然而，但是：however, nevertheless, though, yet, 相反：instead, on the contrary与之相比，相反：by contrast, in contrast因此：therefore, thus, hence, consequently, accordingly, as a result否则：otherwise例如：for instance, for example同时：meanwhile然后，那么，那时，当时：then鉴于，考虑到：in view of依据，在方面，：in terms of关于：with regard t

24、o万一；如果发生：in case of至于，在的情况下：in the case of Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the 51 one. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work.51.A. positiveB. oppositeC. sameD. wrongMore than 2,400 years ago, the Greek historian Herodotus described the

25、 Egyptian pyramids and other monuments. He may have been the first writer to consider that remains and _52_ could provide information for later generations. 52. A. booksB. historyC. ruinsD. scienceThe continuous presentation of frightening stories about global warming in the popular media makes us u

26、nnecessarily frightened. Even worse, it _51_ our kids.51. A. exhausts B. depresses C. terrifies D. exploits 解题思路三：注意固定搭配，常用句型。包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。 The department for Education and Skills wants to 60 teaching of modem foreign languages (MFT) at an earlier stage in the futur

27、e. Primary school children will get greater 61 to foreign language learning. 60. A. permit B. encourage C. demand D. offer61. A. admission B. access C. chance D. approach That also explains why schools and companies organize challenging trips and physical activities to _62_ team spirit.62.A. build u

28、pB. put down C. take overD. make outA _60_ of people now believe incorrectly that global warming is not even caused by humans.60. A. mixture B. majority C. quantity D. crowd解题思路四：注意同形词的辨析。Digital fingerprinting, fluctuations（波动）in the dollar exchange rate, and a mass of online information are some o

29、f the ways making travel to the United Nations in 2010 a different_51_ for international visitors than it was earlier in the 21st century. 51. A.experiment B. examination C. experience D. excursion A traveler from a country_60_ in the VWP must obtain an Electronic System for Travel Authorization(EST

30、A), an online travel authorization, established by DHS. ESTA determines, before the traveler boards a flight, whether the traveler is_61_to travel to the United States under the VWP and whether such travel poses any law implementation or security risks.60.A.persevering B. previewing C. participating

31、 D. promoting 61.A.accessible B. acceptable C. available D. adaptable 解题思路五：根据生活常识以及文化背景确定选项。EFL teachers often complain that students, despite years of studying English, simply will not speak it. Theyre too _63_ making mistakes of the grammar or mispronouncing words in a way that would _64_ them. 6

32、3. A. confident inB. comfortable withC. keen onD. afraid of64. A. amuseB. informC. remindD. embarrass 解题思路六:利用原词复现或同现,选择最佳选项。1. 在完形填空中,某一词语通常重复出现,使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯,从而构成一个完整的意义整体。First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to _ six windows.A.rub B.drop C.break D.clean 2. 同现指意义

33、上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇中。一个语篇，一个话题，要求有与之相连的词汇。 1）名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。如： school-primary schoolmiddle schoolcollegeuniversity studentspupilsgraduates 2）动词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。如： schoolteachlearnattendfounddrop outgraduatebe dismissed 3） 形容词同现; 就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。如： 在学校这个语境中：（key）school（o

34、ptional）course（compulsory）course Liumei is among the _22_ ones. The Chinese University of Hong Kong granted Liu a full scholarship - HK$500,000. Not all students are so fortunate. A. poorB. smartC. luckyD. silent The 60 Knows.Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction.60. A. Nose B

35、. Eye C. Heart D. Hand 解题思路七：仔细分析长难句。找出句子主干，主从句，定语状语等。In todays American society, high school dropout has day by day grown into a big problem threatening social and economic stability, as many cases of family _51_ or even tragedies, caused by youth dropout are grabbing headlines in media. 51.A. obje

36、ctionsB. conflictsC. establishmentsD. happiness答案： B。 长难句分析， 第一层是as 引导的原因状语从句，主句是school dropout has grown into a big problem. 后面紧跟 动名词做定语。 As 从句中 caused 过去分词作后置定语。在进行句子分析时，一定注意把定语等找出来。In many countries, the language of education is not the same as the language of the home for 53 the majority of chil

37、dren . Furthermore, in many countries, young language learners comprise the most rapidly growing segment of the elementary (primary) school population. 54 While in some schools there is no extra support to help young language learners acquire the language of instruction, in most countries where ther

38、e are large numbers of young learners, there is a _55_ awareness of their special needs.55. A. reducing B. watching C. growing D. slipping解析： 55题根据前文可以推断出选C. growing 表示提高的意识。可以对这个长句子进行长难句分析：首先是while 引导的让步状语从句。 在while 从句中运用了help sb do sth 的结构。 在主句中，where 引导的定语从句，先行词是countries. 课堂典例例题讲解Directions: For

39、 each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. An experiment shows that a type of human behavior is conformity, which may be defined as a willingness to adopt the same behavior and atti

40、tudes as those seen in other people. 【首段点明论题并解释】In order to experience a sense of belongings to a particular group, an individual may willingly 50 【要找到归属感必然要采纳或接受群体的价值观和行为，选adopt】 the groups values and behavior. Often, however, an individual will conform to the behavior of those around him even when

41、 they are total 51 . 【从上文的两个提示词推断“即使是周围的人是完全陌生不认识时，个体依然随从他们的行为”，选strangers。】It seems that many human beings dont like to _52 【既然对群体保持认同，就不喜欢在群体中脱颖而出，选stand out】in a crowd or seem to be different from those around them, and they have a strong 53 to conform to the behavior of other people simply to av

42、oid making themselves 54 . 【从文章的论点得出，人们有很强烈的愿望与其他人的行为保持一致，只是为了不让自己引人注意。因此53题选desire ；54题选noticeable。】People will also avoid becoming 55 a situation if they can shrug off their responsibility by 56 that someone else will do something. 【有的人与群体保持一致是为了推卸责任，认为其他人会做的事情，自己就避免深陷其中。因此55是involved in；56 assumi

43、ng】When an apparent murder took place outside a block of flats in New York, residents must have 57 or seen something, yet there was no 58 to the police and no one came out to help or investigate.【举例说明，在纽约的一个街区发生凶杀案的时候，当地的居民肯定看到或听到一些事情，但是没有人报警或协助调查。57.heard；58. call】Another 59 【从下文得知，作者通过一个实验继续举例论证，选

44、experiment】showed that some people will change their opinion in order to conform to the majority 60 . 【从上文的线索得知，是为了迎合大多数人的观点，概念自己的观点。选view】A group of people were shown a picture of a series of lines and asked to choose those which were most 61 in length. 【选出在长度上相同的线，选alike “相同的，相像的”。】All 62 【所有的人除了其

45、中的一个提前被告知说出一个错误的答案，选except】one of the people in the group had been informed 63 【previously“事先;以前”】to give a wrong answer. The one who had not been informed in advance did not know this and at first gave the correct answer. But. when he heard the others, he changed his mind and agreed to 64 【改变自己的观点，

46、接受别人是对的，选accept】that the others were right.50. A. reject B. adopt C. adapt D. adjust51. A. strangers B. friends C. opponents D. neighbors52. A. put up B. rush out C. escape from D. stand out53. A. instinct B. dream C. desire D. goal54. A. confused B. unexpectedC. desirable D. noticeable55. A. involv

47、ed in B. taken out C. isolated from D. ignorant of56. A. estimating B. assumingC. planningD. assuring57. A. investigated B. indicatedC. heard D. confirmed58. A. complaint B. hint C. comment D. call59. A. experiment B. factor C. proposal D. description60. A. view B. trust C. argument D. agreement61.

48、A. apart B. sameC. likely D. alike62. A. except B. besides C. including D. considering63. A. definitely B. previously C. doubtfully D. clearly64. A. refer B. decline C. acceptD. suppose 实战演练一）完形填空When I was a child of seven years old, my friends, on a holiday, filled my pocket with coins. I went at

49、once to a shop where they sold toys for children. Being_21_ with the sound of a whistle that I had seen by the way, in the hands of another boy, I handed over all my money for one. I then came home, and went whistling all over the house, much pleased with my whistle, but_22_ all the family. My broth

50、ers and sisters and cousins, when I told of the _23_ I had made, said I had given four times as much as the whistle was worth. They put me in mind of what good things I might have bought with the rest of the money, and laughed at me so much for my being stupid that I cried with vexation ( 烦 恼 ). Thi

51、nking about the matter gave me more _24_ than the whistle gave me pleasure._25_, this was afterwards of use to me, for the impression continued on my mind, so that often, when I was_26_ to buy something I did not need, I said to myself, “Dont give too much for the whistle, ” and I saved my money. As

52、 I grew up, came into the world, and_27_ the actions of men, I thought I met with many, very many, who “gave too much for the whistle.”If I knew a miser ( 守 财 奴 ) who_28_ every kind of comfortable living, all the pleasure of doing good to others, all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of

53、 friendship, _29_ gathering and keeping wealth- “Poor man,” said I, “ you pay too dear for your whistle.” When I met a man of pleasure, who did not try to improve his mind or his fortune but_30_ devoted himself to having a good time, perhaps neglecting his health, “ Mistaken man, you are providing_3

54、1_ for yourself, instead of pleasure; you are paying too dear for your whistle.” If I saw someone fond of_32_ who has fine clothes, fine houses, fine furniture, fine earrings, all above his_33_, and for which he had run into debt, and ends his career in a prison. “Alas,” said I, “he has paid dear, v

55、ery dear, for his whistle.”_34_, the miseries of mankind are largely due to their putting a(n) _35_ value on things - to giving “too much for their whistle.”21. A. facedB. charmedC. sympathizedD. provided22. A. disturbingB. attractingC. entertainingD. confusing23. A. troubleB. attemptC. choiceD. bar

56、gain24. A. satisfactionB. reliefC. annoyanceD. stress25 A. MoreoverB. ThereforeC. HoweverD. Indeed26. A. temptedB. determinedC. forcedD. persuaded27. A. tookB. observedC. admiredD. followed28. A. turned againstB. gave upC. cared aboutD. relied on29. A. in case ofB. instead ofC. for the sake ofD. in

57、terms of30. A. merelyB. similarlyC. strangelyD. positively31. A. inconvenienceB. burdenC. frustrationD. pain32. A. appearanceB. wealthC. comfortsD. necessities33. A. demandB. fortuneC. standardD. value34. A. As a resultB. By contrastC. On averageD. In short35. A. unexpectedB. greatC. falseD. true【答案

58、】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者由儿时为一只哨子付出高昂的代价联系到生活中的几类人由于对事物价值的错误认识，他们为“哨子”付出的代价太大了。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我被路上看到的一个男孩的哨声迷住了，我把所有的钱都给了他换了一个哨子。A. faced面对；B. charmed迷醉，吸引；C. sympathized同情；D. provided提供。空后说我把所有的钱都给了这个男孩换了一个哨子，

59、这说明我被他的哨声迷住了，be charmed with表示“给迷住”，故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我回到家，吹着哨子在屋子里走来走去，对我的哨声感到非常高兴，但却打扰了全家人。A. disturbing打扰；B. attracting吸引；C. entertaining娱乐；D. confusing使迷惑。我吹着哨子满屋走，自然是打扰了全家人，故选A。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉我的兄弟姐妹和堂兄弟姐妹们我所做的交易时，他们说我付出的是哨子价值的四倍。A. trouble麻烦；B. attempt试图；C. choice选择；D. bargain交易。

60、上文说我用兜里所有的钱从那个陌生男孩手里换回了一个哨子，此处指的就是这个交易，故选D。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一想到这件事，我的烦恼比哨子给我的快乐还多。A. satisfaction满意；B. relief减轻；C. annoyance恼火，烦恼；D. stress压力。空前说他们让我想起用剩下的钱可以买什么好东西，还嘲笑我的愚蠢，我气得哭了，因此此处是说这件事给我带来的烦恼，故选C。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，它对我来说是很有用的，因为这种印象一直萦绕在我的脑海中，所以当我想买一些我不需要的东西时，我常常对自己说，“不要为哨子付出太多”，这样我就省下了钱。A.

61、 Moreover此外；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Indeed的确。上文说这件事给我带来了烦恼，下文又说它对我来说是有用的，上下文是转折关系，故选C。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. tempted引诱，迷惑；B. determined决心；C. forced强迫；D. persuaded劝服。上文说我经不住哨声的诱惑，用兜里所有的钱换回了那个口哨子，此处说的是这件事给我的教训当我想买一些我不需要的东西时，我提醒自己“不要为哨子付出太多”，be tempted to do表示“受诱惑做某事、忍不住做某事”，故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨

62、析。句意：随着我渐渐长大，步入社会，观察人们的行为，我想我遇到了许许多多为哨子付出太多的人。A. took拿走；B. observed观察；C. admired钦佩；D. followed跟随。根据空后的“the actions of men, I thought I met with many, very many, who “gave too much for the whistle”可知，通过观察人们的行为，我发现生活中有很多像儿时的我一样为哨子付出太多的人，故选B。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果我认识一个守财奴，他为了敛财和守住财富，放弃了一切安逸的生活，放弃了一切行善的乐

63、趣，放弃了所有同胞的尊敬，放弃了友谊的欢乐，我说：“可怜的人，你为你的哨子付出了太多的代价。”A. turned against背叛；B. gave up放弃；C. cared about关心；D. relied on依靠。空后的“every kind of comfortable living, all the pleasure of doing good to others, all the esteem of his fellow citizens and the joys of friendship”是守财奴为了敛财和守住财富而放弃的东西，故选B。【29题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：

64、同上。A. in case of万一；B. instead of而不是；C. for the sake of为了；D. in terms of依照。根据空后的“gathering and keeping wealth”可知，守财奴放弃一切美好的东西只是为了敛财和守住他的财富，故选C。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我遇到一个浪荡子，他既不努力提高自己的才智，也不努力增加自己的财富，而只是一味寻欢作乐，甚至糟蹋自己的健康，我说“错了，你给自己带来的是痛苦，而不是快乐；你为你的哨子付出的代价太大了”。A. merely仅仅、只是；B. similarly相似地；C. strangely奇怪

65、地；D. positively积极地。根据空前的“did not try to improve his mind or his fortune ”可知，浪荡子只是一味地寻欢作乐，故选A。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. inconvenience不便；B. burden负担；C. frustration挫折；D. pain痛苦。根据空后的“instead of pleasure”可知与“快乐”相对的自然是“痛苦”，故选D。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我看到一个喜欢外表的人，他有漂亮的衣服、漂亮的房子、漂亮的家具、漂亮的耳环，这些都超过了他的财富，他因此负债累累，最

66、后在监狱里结束了他的余生，唉我说，唉，他为他的哨子付出了很大的代价。A. appearance外表；B. wealth财富；C. comforts安慰；D. necessities必需。根据空后提到的漂亮的衣服、漂亮的房子、漂亮的家居和漂亮的耳环可知此处指“外表”，故选A。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. demand要求；B. fortune财富；C. standard标准；D. value价值。空后说他为此负债累累，这说明这些华丽的外表超出了他的财富，故选B。【34题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：简而言之，人类不幸在很大程度上是由于他们对事物价值的错误认识为他们的哨子付出了

67、太多。A. As a result结果；B. By contrast相比之下；C. On average平均；D. In short简而言之。空后的“the miseries of mankind are largely due to their puffing a(n) _15_ value on things - to giving “too much for their whistle.”是对上文的总结，用in short引出，故选D。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. unexpected出乎意料的；B. great伟大的；C. false错误的；D. extra额外的

68、。上文提到的这几类人对事物价值的认识是错误的，故选C。 二）翻译句子Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.59. 尽管已学了多年英语，但我仍发现用英语与他人交流有困难。（communicate）60. 她的工作涉及到检查事故中受损车辆，听上去很轻松。（involve）61. 每次我打开电脑，它都会提醒我要更新一下，我想知道不更新会有什么后果。（update）62. 政府已经花费了十年的时间来保护这座古庙免遭损坏，现在每天只有一定量的游客能

69、进入。(take, admit)【答案】59. Although I have studied English for many years, I still find it difficult to communicate with others in English. 60. Her job, which involves inspecting damaged cars in the accident, sounds easy. 61. Every time I turn on my computer, it reminds me to update. I wonder what will

70、 happen if I dont. 62. It has taken the government a decade to protect the temple from damage, and now only a certain number of tourists can be admitted into it every day.【解析】【59题详解】考查动词及让步状语从句。分析句子可知，由although引导让步状语从句，主句主语为I，使用find+ it (宾语)+ difficult (宾补)+to do结构；句子使用现在完成时及一般现在时，再根据其它汉语提示，故翻译为：Alt

71、hough I have studied English for many years, I still find it difficult to communicate with others in English.【60题详解】考查动词及定语从句。分析句子可知，使用which引导的非限制性定语从句，her job为先行词和主句主语，which为关系词，句子使用一般现在时，因此动词是involves，注意involve (in) doing的用法；再根据其它汉语提示，故翻译为：Her job, which involves inspecting damaged cars in the acc

72、ident, sounds easy.【61题详解】考查动词、状语从句及宾语从句。分析句子可知，由every time引导时间状语从句，短语remind sb. to do“提醒某人做某事”用法，动词wonder后接what引导的宾语从句；句子使用一般现在时，再根据其它汉语提示，故翻译为：Every time I turn on my computer, it reminds me to update. I wonder what will happen if I dont.【62题详解】考查动词、固定句型、固定短语及时态。分析句子可知，时态有现在完成时和一般现在时，注意句型It takes

73、sb. some time to do sth.“花费某人多长时间做某事”和短语be admitted into“被录取，进入”用法；再根据其它汉语提示，故翻译为：It has taken the government a decade to protect the temple from damage, and now only a certain number of tourists can be admitted into it every day. Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the

74、 words given in the brackets.1. 窃贼一定是深夜时从窗户逃出去的。(must)2. 在上海处处可见行人为坐在轮椅上的老人或残疾人让路。(make way)3. 新生身处不习惯的学习环境，产生焦虑是很自然的。(It)4. 唯有亲临这部音乐剧的现场，你才会明白为何六十年来每场演出都座无虚席。(Only)Keys:1. The thief must have got out through the window late at night. 2. Pedestrians can be seen to make way for the elderly or the dis

75、abled in wheelchairs everywhere in Shanghai. 3. It is quite natural that freshmen feel anxious in a learning environment they are not accustomed to./It is quite natural for freshmen to feel anxious in a learning environment they are not used to. 4. Only when you enjoy the musical on the spot can you figure out/ understand why there were no empty seats/ all seats were occupied when each performance was on for sixty years.