【春季课外拓展】01：代词介词形容词副词 阅读理解之细节题-2022年高二春季课外拓展精品讲义15讲（上海）.docx

1、 第一讲 代词介词形容词副词+阅读理解细节题 词汇打卡考纲词汇默写011.上船；登机；上车adv. aboard 2.到国外；在国外adv. abroad 3.抽象的adj. 梗概n. abstract 4.学校的；学术的adj. academic 5.会计人员n. accountant 6.成就；成绩n. achievement 7.住处；膳宿n. accommodation 8.承认；告知vt. acknowledge 9.管理；经营n. administration 10.青少年n. adolescent 11.入场费；录用n. admission 12.冒险；奇遇n. adventur

2、e 13.拥护者；拥护n. & vt. advocate 14.广告n. advertisement 15.代理行；代理n. agency 16.有能力做某事 have an/the ability to do sth.17.缺席，没上班 be absent from work 18.全神贯注于研究 be absorbed in research19.可接近，可进入，可利用 have access to20.偶然地，意外地 by accident21.把考虑在内 take sth. into account22.指责指控某人 accuse sb. of sth.23.习惯于做某事 be acc

3、ustomed to doing sth.24.在中取得巨大成就make great achievements in 25.担任，充当 act as 26.采取行动take action 27.适应 adapt (oneself ) to 28.把牛奶和糖加到茶里add milk and sugar to the tea29.因钦佩某人 admire sb. for sth.30.被复旦大学录取 be admitted to Fudan University1.侵犯的；积极进取的adj. Aggressive2.农业；农艺n. agriculture 3.酒精；乙醇n. alcohol 4.字

4、母表n. alphabet 5.救护车n. ambulance 6.分析n. analysis 7.周年纪念（日）n. anniversary 8.宣告者；节目报告员n. announcer 9.防止（环境）污染n. antipollution 10.脚踝n. ankle 11.焦虑，挂虑；渴望n. anxiety 12.一套公寓房间n. apartment 13.出现；外观，外表n. appearance14.鼓掌；喝彩 n. applause15.器具n. appliance 16.同意（建议等）agree to (a proposal)17.提前 ahead of time18.急救 f

5、irst aid 19.瞄准；目标在于 aim at 20.一间装有空调设备的教室 an air-conditioned classroom21.在机场 at the airport 22.允许某人做某事allow sb, to do sth.23.别无选择，只得 have no alternative but to do24.一个业余爱好者 an amateur25.问题的回答 (the) answer to the question 26.担忧焦虑 be anxious about 27.为向某人道歉 apologize to sh. for doing sth./make an apol

6、ogy to sh. for sth.28.呼吁人人节约用水appeal to everyone to save water29.电器electrical appliances30.大笔的钱a large amount/large amounts of money 语法微练代词介词形容词副词一、代词1、判断当简单句或复合句的主句缺主语或宾语，从句有关系词的情况下缺主语或宾语，填代词。要注意定语从句可省略作宾语的关系代词，宾语从句可省略that情况，反身代词不能做主语，可做宾语、表语和同位语情况等。2、常考代词人称代词we, you, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their,

7、yours, hers等；反身代词himself, themselves等；指示代词this, these, that, those;不定代词 everything, something, anything, nothing, everyone, someone, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, the other, another, the others, one, the one(s). 3、反身代词的句法功能Did he hurt himself w

8、hen he fell? 作动词宾语He is not worried about himself. 作介词宾语The poor boy was not quite himself today. 作表语We ourselves will do the work. 作同位语The manager will interview Lucy himself. 作同位语例1: We all know it is quite common now that many teenagers, especially _ from one-child families, like to make net frie

9、nds and spend lots of time chatting with them because they need someone to talk with and share their sorrow and happiness. 解析：此题的正确答案为those。根据句子成分分析可知，本空应该填入一名词性成分，作为同位语结构especially _ from one-child families的中心词，因此考虑填入代词，代指children(from one-child families)，用those较为合适。例2: When we feel like we dont ha

10、ve time to do something important, it is _ because were not making time or because our priorities are not what we actually need. 解析：此题的正确答案为either。此空提示信息点比较隐蔽，跟其他填代词的考题有些区别。但只要发现此句中有两个because就可以知道考察eitheror.结构。例3: Instead of having to choose one or the other, we can benefit from _ of the approaches.

11、 解析：此题的正确答案为those。题干中出现了one, the other可以推测此题应该会考察关于两者之间的一些代词：either, both等。后面又出现of和复数名词approaches，可以确定填入both表示两者都。二、介词1、判断句子不缺主语、表语，及物动词不缺宾语时，(已有限定词的)名词，V-ing，代词或从句前面，一定是填介词。2、常考介词in, on, at, to, from, of, off, under, above, below, over, across, through, beyond, behind, beside, between, among, near,

12、 up, down, before, after, since, for, against, besides, except, by, with, without, about, as, like, during, into, throughout, until, within, toward, past, despite, regardless of, in spite of, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, except for, apart from, other than, such as, according to, instead

13、of, rather than, as well as, in addition to, 例1：As a student, I get so many assignments every day. I have to stay up late in order to finish all my homework. I used to complain about all this pressure _ school with my classmates.解析：此题的正确答案为from。分析知“来自学校的压力”，做定语成分。例2：Then Penny sees an incredibly han

14、dsome man. She stares at him. He catches her staring. He smiles and walks _ to her. 解析：此题的正确答案为up/over。根据介词与不及物动词walk构成搭配walk up/over to sb，走近某人。例3：Roald Dahl, the famous childrens book writer, was born to Harold and Sofie Dahl on 13 September 1916. He was named _ the explorer, Roald Amundsen, their

15、 national hero in Norway of that time. 解析：此题的正确答案为after。根据固定搭配 be named after，“以命名”。三、形容词副词1、判断括号中给出形容词或副词，考查其原级、比较级、最高级。2、解题技巧技巧1：空格前有可修饰比较级的词even，much，far，still，a little，a bit，a lot等时，或句子中有than 时，需改为比较级形式。例1：After a few months, we did not complain about homework anymore because we knew that our te

16、achers worked _ (hard) than we did. 解析：此题的正确答案为harder。有明显的提示than，所以需比较级形式。例2：Susan, who has just completed her third summer camp on the river cleanup, sees a change in this river. “Since we started three years ago, the river is getting a lot _ (clean),” she says. 解析：此题的正确答案为cleaner。前有a lot进行修饰，所以需比较

17、级形式。技巧2：空格前为定冠词the，或整个句子中有范围限定时，所给出的形容词或副词需改最高级的形式。例1：The contest requires the chosen laughers to face off against each other as the audience determines who has _ (attractive) laugh. 解析：此题的正确答案为the most attractive。分析句子含义，有范围限定“在此比赛中谁的笑容最迷人”，所以需要最高级形式。例1. 代词介词形容词副词练习1. Both teams were in hard trainin

18、g. _ was willing to lose the game.2. No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _ _ .3. To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _ .4. Equipped with modern facilities, todays libraries differ greatly from _ of the past.5. The dictionary is wha

19、t I want, but I dont have enough money _ me. 6. Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back _ a big tree.7. He invited me to a dance after the show _ Christmas Eve.8. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _ (heavy) she was getting.9. John has three sisters. Mary is _ (clever) of the three.10. If w

20、e had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with _ (little) money and _ (few) people.【答案】 1. Neither 2. the other 3. another 4. those 5. with 6. against 7. on 8. heavier 9. the cleverest 10. less, fewer例2. 、代词介词形容词副词练习1. My daughter often makes a schedule to get _ reminded of what she

21、 is to do in the day.2. Both sides have accused _ _ of breaking the contract.3. When he took his gloves off, I noticed that _ one had his name written inside.4. Many fast-growing countries are less concerned with protecting _ against climate change.5. _ the sun, nothing would grow.6. You have no ide

22、a how she finished the relay race _ her foot wounded so much.7. _ most students, she was always well prepared and never came to class late.8. The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to 1,200. This means it has risen _ 20 percent.9. I know nothing about the young lady _ that she is from Beij

23、ing.10. _ (high) the temperature, the faster water turns into steam.11. How did you find your visit to the museum? I hardly enjoyed it. It was far _ (interesting) than I expected.12. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced twice as _ (many) tractors in 1988 as the year before.【答

24、案】1. herself 2. the other 3. each 4. themselves 5. Without 6. with 7. Like 8. by 9.except 10.The higher 11. less interesting 12. many一、代词介词形容词副词练习1. If the people who want to lift themselves out of poverty follow the path taken by _ in wealthy countries, they too will step hard on the planet resourc

25、es.2. The trainers attitude towards his trainee was similar to _ of a doctor giving a patient a physical exam.3. Child marriage is now spreading to parts of the country that used not to practise _ .4. The loss of permanent jobs that a young man or woman could get makes _ difficult for them to get or

26、 stay married.5. Ill pay you good money_ return for your timely help.6. The two sportsmen congratulated each other_ winning the match by shaking hands.7. Considering safety and convenience, more and more people choose to pay by credit card _ _ cash when they are shopping.8. _ all our efforts to save

27、 the school, the authorities decided to close it.9. President Obama, the youthful leader of one of the worlds _ (young) countries, began his first visit to China, among the worlds _ (ancient) societies.10. She didnt perform well in the contest because she was _ (experienced) than other players.11. A

28、lthough he has received different treatments, the patient still seems to become _ (bad).12. Frankly speaking, you are _ (annoying) person I have ever met.【答案】1. those 2. that 3.it4. it 5. in 6. on 7. instead of 8. Despite 9. youngest, most ancient 10. less experienced 11. worse 12. the most annoying

29、 专题精选 阅读理解之细节题1直接信息题题干定位法【节选片段】 （2021崇明一模）Disneyland opened then. The 5,000 expected guests increased to 28,154, thanks to fake tickets. After the madness of opening day, Disney and his new park were criticized in the press. The media predicted a quick and early end. But the public didnt listen. Vis

30、itors arrived in large groups, and within weeks Disneyland was a success. 58. What can be learned about Disneyland from the passage?A. Everything went on smoothly before it opened.B. It spent $5 million on advertising for its opening.C. Peoples enthusiasm for it increased despite criticism.D. Only i

31、nvited guests could get into it on its opening day.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第五段中句子“ After the madness of opening day, Disney and his new park were criticized in the press. But the public didnt listen. Visitors arrived in large groups, and within weeks Disneyland was a success.”（在疯狂的开幕日之后，迪斯尼和他的新公园受到了媒体的批评。但公众

32、不听。大批游客蜂拥而至，迪斯尼乐园在几周内就大获成功。）可知，尽管受到了批评，人们对它的热情还是高涨了起来。故选C项。2间接信息题断章取义法【节选片段】From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation.When children are little we make them read aloud，before the teacher and other children，so that we can b

33、e sure they “know” all the words they are reading.This means that when they dont know a word，they are going to make a mistake，right in front of everyone.After having taught fifthgrade classes for four years，I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books，and to get them

34、to read oftener and more adventurously.41According to the passage，childrens fear and dislike of books may result from .Areading little and thinking littleBreading often and adventurouslyCbeing made to read too muchDbeing made to read aloud before others答案D解析细节理解题。题干的意思是：根据文章，孩子们害怕或者不喜欢读书是因为 。根据本段第二、

35、三句“When children are little we make them read aloud，before the teacher and other children，so that we can be sure they know all the words they are reading.This means that when they dont know a word，they are going to make a mistake，right in front of everyone.”可知孩子们被要求当众大声朗读，当他们不认识单词的时候，他们会犯错，而且是在所有的人面

36、前犯错，这会让他们害怕。此题没有直接答案而是用一种同义表达的形式提示答案。3数字计算题查读分析法【节选片段】 （2021徐汇一模）People climbing Mount Everest are two times as likely to reach the top and less likely to die on the climb than 20 years ago, a new study finds. Everest, high in the Himalayans, is the tallest mountain above sea level on Earth. It reac

37、hes 8,848 meters into the sky.Between 2006 and 2019, around two thirds of climbers were successful in their attempt to reach the top. In the 15 years before that, only about one-third went all the way to the top.The number of attempts to reach the top of Everest has risen sharply over the years, lea

38、ding to a 300 percent increase in overcrowding. In 2019, 955 climbers tried to reach the mountaintop. Only 222 people did so in 2000.59. Supposing 900 people took part in the climbing Mount Everest between 1990 and 2005, how many of them reached the top?A. 300.B. 400.C. 500.D. 600答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段“Be

39、tween 2006 and 2019, around two thirds of climbers were successful in their attempt to reach the top. In the 15 years before that, only about one-third went all the way to the top.（在2006年至2019年间，大约三分之二的登山者成功登顶。在那之前的15年里，只有大约三分之一的人登顶。）”可知，在1990年到2005期间只有1/3的人登顶成功。由此可推知，如果1990年到2005年有900人登珠峰，那么登顶的人数为：

40、9001/3=300人。故选A。课堂练习：(A)Jack London, one of Americas major writers of adventure tales, was born in California in 1876. During his life, London worked at many jobs. His broad life experiences would become the background for his writing.London loved to read. As a teenager, he spent many hours educatin

41、g himself at the Oakland, California, public library. He attended college at the University of California at Berkeley, but he stayed for only six months. He thought Berkeley was “not lively enough” and wanted to do something more exciting.London wrote stories about working people and the hard times

42、they had making a living. He knew their problems first hand. He worked as a sailor, farmer, factory employee, railroad worker, and gold prospector, to name just a few of his many jobs.London grew up near the waterfront in Oakland. He loved the water. When he was fifteen years old, he bought a small

43、sailboat called a sloop. Later he sailed to Japan on a schooner, which is a much larger sailing boat. Like many people of the time, London caught the Klondike Gold Rush Fever. In l897, he headed for Alaska. He didnt find gold, but he discovered something even more valuable. He discovered that people

44、 enjoyed listening to the stories he made up with his vivid imagination. London entertained the miners with story after story. Later, using his experiences during the Gold Rush, he created many more colorful stories.London resolved to live a full, exciting life. He once said, “I would rather be a su

45、perb meteor (流星), every atom of me in magnificent glow, than a sleepy and permanent planet.” Each day, he pushed himself. Once London determined that he was going to be a writer, nothing could stop him. His goal was to write at least one thousand words every day. He refused to stop even when he was

46、sick. In eighteen years, the writer published fifty-one books and hundreds of articles. He was the best-selling and highest-paid author of his day. Many people also considered him to be the best writer. White Fang and The Call of the Wild are his most famous stories and are about surviving in the Al

47、askan wilderness. Readers can enjoy Jack Londons energy and his talent for telling wonderful stories each time they open one of his novels.1. Why was Jack London able to write on many topics?A. He pushed himself to reach goals. B. He had a variety of experiences and jobs. C. He was drawn to the Klon

48、dike Gold Rush.D. He was the best-selling and highest-paid author.2. What prevented Jack London from finishing college?A. That he was hired to sail to Japan.B. That he traveled to Alaska in 1897. C. That he spent much of his time writing. D. That he was not interested in college life enough.3. The u

49、nderlined sentence in the last paragraph indicates that Jack London _. A. is expert at universeB. aims high and strives to succeedC. is excited about life in the wildnessD. faces a choice between life and death4. What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A. To support the statement that Lon

50、don was the “best writer”. B. To describe life during the Klondike Gold Rush.C. To provide information on Jack Londons life. D. To identify books written by Jack London. 答案： BDBC【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了杰克伦敦，一位美国作家，畅销小说Call of the Wild(野性的呼唤) 及White Fang(白牙)的作者，他也是名记者及社会运动家，支持社会主义及工会的建立。他有一句格言：人生不只是握有一副好牌，有时

51、候也要把一副坏牌打好。 【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段During his life, London worked at many jobs. His broad life experiences would become the background for his writing.得知，杰克伦敦能写出很多话题是因为他有很多工作和很丰富的人生经历。故选B。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段He attended college at the University of California at Berkeley, but he stayed for only six months. H

52、e thought Berkeley was “not lively enough” and wanted to do something more exciting.得知，杰克伦敦没有完成加州大学的学业，因为他认为这个大学生活不是那么有趣。故选D。【3题详解】句意猜测题。根据画线句后的Each day, he pushed himself. Once London determined that he was going to be a writer, nothing could stop him. His goal was to write at least one thousand wo

53、rds every day. He refused to stop even when he was sick.得知，杰克伦敦目标远大，一旦他下定决心，就全力以赴。画线句是“宁化飞灰 不作浮尘”的意思。故选B。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据全文得知，本文介绍了美国作家杰克伦敦的人生经历。故选C。(B)VersonShock U.S Patent #US8,555,526 B2. May be eligible for Medicare reimbursement. This product is not intended to treat, cure or prevent any disease

54、. $30 off applies to orders of $100 or more for a limited time. Cannot be combined with other offers. 9% CA sales tax applies to orders in California. Shoes must be returned within 30 days in like-new condition for full refund or exchange. Credit card authorization required. See website for complete

55、 details.60. Walking in shoes made by Gravity Defyer Corp., ones pain can be relieved in the following parts except _.A. Ankle.B. Neck.C. Knee.D. Back.61. Which of the following is TRUE of the shoes?A. Women have more choices of shoe colour than men.B. One can enjoy $30 off if his order is more than

56、 $100.C. Consumers can return shoes within 30 days for full refund.D. Those who place orders in California dont need to pay extra sales tax.62. Where does this passage most probably appear?A. A science journal.B. A travel brochure.C. An advertisement column.D. An entertainment magazine.【答案】60. B 61.

57、 A 62. C【解析】这是一篇广告。广告的内容是关于一款有助于抵消地心引力的鞋子，它能使有脚底筋膜炎或脚跟骨刺或背部疼痛等毛病的人的生活没有疼痛。【60题详解】细节理解题。根据文中的“Results of a double-blind study conducted by Olive View UCLA Medical Centre ”(一份由Olive View UCLA Medical Centre 医疗中心开展的双盲调研结果) 调研结果可知，它只提到knee（膝盖）、back（背部）、ankle（脚踝）和foot（脚）四处的疼痛有减轻，但是没提到脖子是否有减轻。故选B。【61题详解】细

58、节理解题。根据文中提供的“Mens size ”下面有三种颜色（gray, black, blue）选择，而“Womens size”下面提供了四种颜色（gray,white, purple,salmon）供选择，可知女款的颜色比男款多。故选A。【62题详解】推理判断题。本篇广告的内容是关于一款有助于抵消地心引力的鞋子，它能使有脚底筋膜炎或脚跟骨刺或背部疼痛等毛病的人的生活没有疼痛。根据文中的促销广告句子“$30 off applies to orders of $100 or more for a limited time.”（ 限时满100减30） “Shoes must be retur

59、ned within 30 days in like-new condition for full refund or exchange.”（30天内鞋子是新的状况下可全额退款或换货）可推知，这是一则卖鞋的广告。故选C。能力提升练一、代词介词形容词副词练习1. I like my sister Cecile best because we look like each other and _ of us have very dark hair and dark eyes.2. _ in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to th

60、e Palace Museum.3. We havent enough books for _ , some of you will have to share.4. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help.5. There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldnt get_.6. Everybody was touched _ words after they heard h

61、er moving story.7. Children need friends _ their own age to play with.8. It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _ easy reach.9. Frankly speaking, Mr Whites lecture is _ (wonderful) one I have ever attended.10. The citizens are not satisfied with the governments explanation for the

62、 food safety problem and insist that _ (far) investigation should be carried out.11. At its _ (bad), depression can even lead to suicide.12. Not knowing what he was really interested in, he found it hard to decide which of the two courses could be _ (appropriate).【答案】1. both 2. Nothing 3. everybody

63、4.it 5.through 6. beyond 7. of 8. within 9. the most wonderful 10. further 11. worst 12. more appropriate二、语法填空Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the prope

64、r form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank. 【2017徐汇中学期中】Stephen Hawing, one of the brightest minds of modern physics, died at the age of 76 at his home in Cambridge, England, On March 14. He was perhaps the (18) _ (well-known) physicist in the world, despit

65、e being wheeled-bound for decades and (19) _ (communicate) through a computerized voice that recorded the extremely small motion of his cheek muscle. “We are deeply saddened that our beloved father passed away today,” Lucy, Robert and Tim, Hawings children, said in a statement announcing his death.

66、“He was a great scientist and extraordinary man (20) _ work and legacy will live on for many years.”Hawking was a brilliant student of physics at the University of Cambridge (21) _ he was diagnosed (诊断) with the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis at the age of 21. Nevertheless, he continued working and s

67、oon developed a series of groundbreaking theories that would remake the world of physics.He then went on to reshape our understanding of black holes. Until Hawkings work, scientists believed absolutely (22) _ could escape a black hole, (23) _ means that a black hole would grow ever larger. But Hawki

68、ng suggested that quantum mechanics (量子力学) essentially allowed black holes (24) _ (send) out particles (粒子) phenomenon now known as Hawking radiation (辐射).“His contribution is to engage the public in a way that maybe (25) _ (not happen) since Einstein,” said famous astronomer Wendy Freedman. “Hes be

69、come an icon for a mind that is beyond morals(凡人). People dont exactly understand (26) _ hes saying, but they know hes brilliant.”Hawking was also a deeply witty (风趣的) popularizer of some of the most esoteric (深奥难懂的) concepts in physics and cosmology (宇宙学), with books such as A Brief History of Time

70、 (时间简史). In recent years, he weighed in on everything (27) _ the future of humanity, to the risk of artificial intelligence, to the chances of Earth turning into Venus, all while continuing to publish important theoretical work in physics.【答案】18. best-known 19. communicating 20. whose 21. when 22. n

71、othing 三、翻译1. 广泛阅读是扩大词汇量的最有效途径之一。(enlarge)2. 为了保证游客安全，游客在九点之后不得进人公园。(admit)3. 无论多忙，我们都应该花点时间锻炼身体。(spend)4. 在我们获得比赛胜利之前就讨论如何庆祝有意义吗？(point)5. 当面对困难时，你越有信心，就越有可能摆脱困境。(likely)6. 这些放风筝的孩子引起了我的注意，让我想起了快乐的童年。(remind)【答案】1. Reading widely is one of the most effective ways to enlarge our vocabulary.2. To ens

72、ure the visitors/tourists safety, visitors/ tourists are not allowed to be admitted to the park/parks after nine.3. No matter how busy we are, we should spend some time doing (physical) exercise.4. Is there any point (in) discussing how to celebrate before we win the game?5. When faced with troubles, the more confident you are, the more likely you are to get rid of it./These children who were flying kites caught my eye, reminding me of my happy childhood.