上海市高考英语专题冲刺（五）完形填空.docx

1、上海市2019年高考英语专题冲刺（五） -完形填空【考纲解读】完形填空完形填空主要考查学生词汇、固定搭配、语法等语言知识，也反映出学生的阅读理解能力，对语境的逻辑判断能力。【解题原则】1、语义优先于语法原则由于文章的开头部分一般不设空格,而是对所选短文的题材和可能涉及的内容作简单的介绍或提示,并且单纯的语法题几乎从该题型中消失。如果一味按照语法规则来选择答案，就陷入了答题误区,因为几乎每一题的四个选项都符合语法规则;理解文章的大意并结合语言结构对每个空格作出正确的判断，方为上策。2、词内选项句内找原则从近几年的高考原题来看，近义词或词组的辨析正成为考试的热点。四个选择项要么都是词义相近的名词单

2、数或复数，要么都是近义动词的同一时态等，只能根据上下文的语境作出正确的选择。如果提供的四个选择项词义相差悬殊，则上文或下文肯定有答题提示，有时第一个空格要读完全文才能回答。【解题步骤】1.要快速通读全文，了解文章大意，正确分析、归纳文章主旨。2.在理解文章大意基础上，对每道题所给的词语进行剖析，考虑语境，上下呼应，运用逻辑思维进行推理，再根据自己最有把握的、最熟悉的短语、习惯用语、动词形式和句子结构等，先完成简单的，把难的留在后面。3.再次细读全文，集中精力解决难点，填补空缺。4.答题完毕，遵循由整体到局部、由局部到整体的规律，再耐心通读全文，认真复查所选答案是否得当，语法是否正确，逻辑推理是

3、否合理。【解题技巧】1.逻辑语气解题法这种逻辑语气主要包含并列、递进、因果、转折和委婉语气等等。这类题的选项多为连词、副词或具有连词意义的各类短语。【例题】He had spent those years well, graduating from college, completing two internships(实习) inWashington, D.C, and _, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento.A. hopefully B. finallyC. particularly D. certainly【解析】有上文及全句的意思

4、可知，在这儿是作者六年求学和工作的最后一个环节，表示毕业之后找到了一份工作，从预期上讲，应该是结论性的，所以，惟有 finally 符合题意，选 B。2.固定搭配解题法这类题与语法结构题有点类似，但主要惯用搭配，讲究词与词的搭配，涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。【例题】Telling him that he no longer needed to enjoy them but I still needed to write them, I _until the day he graduated.A. held up B. gave up C. followed D. conti

5、nued【解析】由句意可知，“尽管儿子不愿意再收到我的字条，但是我依然坚持写到他毕业为止。”这道题实际上是一道固定搭配题，其结构为 notuntil,但句中没有否定副词 not,再则，若 A、B 两项短语用于这一结构中须与 not 连用，故不合题意；C 项的 followed 应为及物动词，后面需加宾语方可，再则 followed 在此有歧义，也不合题意，由于 continue 是延续性动词，所以，无需否定副词，在这一固定搭配中只有瞬间动词才与 not 连用，所以选 D。3.语法结构法这类题需要考生有较为扎实的语法基础知识，能够从句式的结构上辨别出须填相关的关联词、连词、副词、形容词或相应的动

6、词，当然还要考虑到主谓一致的关系等语法知识要点。【例题】When it was 5:00pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer _ Ireceived an email from Garth, my Director.A. while B. when C. where D. after【解析】这里 when 的意思是 just at the moment, 与前面的 when 意思不一样，A 项的 while 无此意，D 项的 after 不符合行为交互逻辑，C 项完全是错误的。所以选 B。4.语境信息解题

7、法- 2 -选项重在语意干扰，考生应具有通过上下文提示、暗示或铺垫，对篇章进行整体上的把握的能力。所以，快速浏览全文，迅速领悟篇章主旨，通过上下文语境选择答案选项乃解决完形填空的关键。【例题】Our _1_ challenge was to keep the rock mixture _2_ enough.1. A. next B. first C. past D. previous2. A. cold B. wet C. loose D. clean【解析】短文前面提到第一个挑战是发电的问题，那么接下来的挑战就是如何保持温度的问题。所以1 题答案为 A。从下文提到的洒水车等事情，我们可以判断

8、出 2 这儿应该是“保持湿度”的语意，所以答案为 B 项。5.利用常识解题法这类题主要是考查考生应该把握的英美国家的文化背景知识和生活常识，但唯有在无法准确把握语言知识时，可充分利用所学的社会知识和科普知识进行语境判断。【例题】Yesterday the sales office rang us to say the car was _.A. right B. ready C. fixed D. sold【解析】依据生活常识，买车前一般要提前预订，因此这里的意思是销售部打来电话通知作者，他们的车已经到了，让他们前去提车。答案为 B 项。【提高途径】良好的完形填空成绩主要表现在良好的阅读习惯和良

9、好的语法功底，有人说，“得阅读者得天下”。完形填空也不例外。多做多练多总结；扫清词汇障碍后还应培养自己良好的阅读习惯：1、要以意群，语义为单位读，不要逐词逐句地认；2、要借助视觉扫读，不要手指唇动或无声心读；3、要从头至尾，一气呵成，不要频繁回读；4、要直接理解原文，不要逐词逐句地心译；5、要利用上下文和构词法猜测生词，推测出句意，不要频繁查阅词典；6、逐步扩大视距，要纵式快速阅读，不要横式赏析细读。高考冲刺-完形填空专项汇编解析版1. 2019 上海中学周练 （难度：难）- 3 -A true story of retirement planning is that your future

10、is riding on the quality of yourassumptions. Humble _41_ can be dangerous.For example, eight years into this bull market expecting stocks to deliver as-strongreturns over the next decade is an uncertain proposition many are nonetheless _42_.Another potential _43_ assumption is that you will be able

11、to keep working past 65. Yetthe recently released 2019 Retirement Confidence Survey by the nonpartisan EmployeeBenefit Research Institute finds that more than half of workers say they expect to still be onthe clock past age 65. By _44_, less than 15 percent of todays retirees kept working thatlong.“

12、If you plan on working longer as a way to get by in retirement, you are going to be introuble,” says Craig Copeland, senior research associate at EBRI. “It should be a complementto a solid savings and spending plan, not the _45_.”Its simply too _46_ to assume you will indeed be able to work longer.

13、A survey by theTransamerica Center for Retirement Studies found that nearly two-thirds of retirees left theworkforce earlier than expected because they were laid off, reorganized out of a position, ordue to general unhappiness with a job. Only 16 percent of retirees who _47_ the work forceearlier th

14、an they expected did so because they felt they could _48_ afford to._49_, a new report from Prudential puts a dollar value on why your current employermay not be inclined （倾向于）to do back flips to keep an older you happy and engaged.The estimated one-year cost to a firm when an employee _50_ retireme

15、nt: $50,000.Prudential estimates that on a company-wide level, delayed retirement can _51_ overallworkforce costs by 1 percent to 1.5 percent. Thats not nothing. And it goes a long way inexplaining why employers may be more inclined to focus on “financial wellness” strategies toget workers ready to

16、retire _52_ than programs to help workers delay retirement.Fewer than one-third of employees surveyed by TCRS report their employer has somesort of “transition” program such as flexible work schedules, reduced hours or _53_ to adifferent role.“Workers vision of retirement is changing faster than emp

17、loyers business _54_,” saidCatherine Collinson, president of TCRS. That makes it ever more crucial for pre-retirees totake the steps today that will increase that _55_ they can continue to work longer, if thatspart of the plan.1. A. pessimism B. optimism C. concern D. consideration2. A. relying on B

18、. casting on C. accounting on D. falling on3. A. reliable B. possible C. flawed D. unlikely4. A. contrary B. compromise C. compliment D. contrast5. A. foundation B. basement C. founding D. construction6. A. ridiculous B. sensible C. risky D. logical7. A. extended B. exited C. existed D. remained8. A

19、. economically B. mentally C. financially D. physically9. A. However B. Therefore C. Nevertheless D. Moreover10. A. delays B. expects C. gets D. decides11. A. decrease B. influence C. increase D. transform12. A. later B. sooner C. faster D. slower- 4 -13. A. shifting B. altering C. ranging D. functi

20、oning14. A. deals B. practices C. customs D. operations15. A. abilities B. capabilities C. chances D. outputsKeys： BACDA CBCDA CBABC解析：1.主旨大意题。根据全文大意，退休之前的乐观的假设是不切实际的。所以这题选optimism。2.For example, eight years into this bull market （expecting stocks to deliver as-strong returnsover the next decade ）is

21、 an uncertain proposition （many are nonetheless _42_.）然而很多人依赖于这个不确定的主张。选 relying on。cast on 审视，accounting on 无此固定搭配。falling on 此搭配不常用。3.reliable 可靠的 possible 可能的 flawed 错误的 unlikely 不可能的。potential flawedassumption 可能的错误的假设。4.contrary adj. 相反的 compromise vt. 违背 compliment n./ vt 称赞 contrast n.对照。 by

22、contrast 相比之下5. 词义辨析题。foundation 基础；basement 地下室，基底；founding 铸造；construction 建筑物。根据句意选 A。6.ridiculous 可笑的；sensible 明智的； risky 冒险的；logical 有逻辑的。根据句意假设你可以工作更长的时间太过于危险。与第一段的 dangerous 相呼应。7.extended 延伸；exited 离开；existed 存在；remained 保持。exit the work force 离开工作岗位。8.根据句意，是经济上能够支付得起。所以选 financially。9.这一段与上

23、文的逻辑关系是递进关系，都是解释了为什么退休员工不能继续工作下去的原因。所以选 moreover。10.这题很简单，delay retirement 延迟退休。选 A。11. 根据上文 The estimated one-year cost to a firm when an employee delays retirement:$50,000，可知推迟退休是增加了公司的花费，选 C。12.与推迟退休相对应的是早点退休，所以选 sooner。13.固定搭配 shift to 改变成14.practices 在这儿不是练习的意思，而是常规，惯例。工人对退休的看法经常比公司的惯例要变得快。15.a

24、bilities 能力； capabilities 能力，产能；chances 机会；outputs 输出。这使得接近退休的人采取措施变得更为关键。这些措施将会增加他们能够继续工作的可能性。2.选自晋元高级中学 2019 届高三下学期开学考试难度较难Two truths to Live ByThe art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go. For life is a paradox: Itteaches us to hold fast to its many gifts even while it orders

25、 us to give them up when the timecomes.Surely we ought to hold fast to life, for it is wondrous, and full of a beauty. Learn to_51_ at the golden sunshine and appreciate the wonders of each day. Be thankful andlearn to embrace each hour and seize each golden minute.Hold fast to life, but not so fast

26、 that you cannot let go. This is the second side of lifes- 5 -coin : we must accept our losses, and learn how to let go.At every _52_ of life we sustain losses-and grow in the process. We begin ourindependent lives only when we emerge from the womb and lose its protective _53_. Weenter a progression

27、 of schools, then we leave our mothers and fathers and our childhoodhomes. We get married and have children and then have to let them go. We confront thedeath of our parents and our spouses. Someday we will grow old and tasks that are yet to be_54_ will be passed on to our children.But why should li

28、fes _55_ demands be followed? Why should we _56_ things ofbeauty when beauty is bound to leave us? Why give our heart in love when those will _57_be torn from our grasp?In order to _58_ this paradox, we must seek a wider perspective, viewing our lives asthrough windows that open on eternity. Once we

29、 do that, we realize that though our lives arefinite; our deeds on earth weave a _59_ pattern.Life is never just being. It is a becoming, a flowing on. Our parents live on through us,and we will live on through our children. The institutions we build _60_, and we will lastthrough them. The beauty we

30、 create cannot be _61_ by death. Our flesh may perish, ourhands will grow old, but what they create in beauty and goodness and truth lives on for alltime to _62_.Dont spend and waste your lives _63_ objects that will only turn to dust and ashes.Pursue not so much the material as the ideal, for ideal

31、s alone _64_ life with meaning andare of enduring worth.Add love to a house and you have a home. Add fairness to a city and you have acommunity. Add truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school. Add justice to the humanattempt and you have civilization. Put them all together, _65_ their presen

32、t imperfections,and you will have a future lighted with the radiant colors of hope.51. A. watch B. look C. marvel D. surprise52. A. condition B. stage C. situation D. occasion53. A. shade B. shadow C. shelter D. strength54. A. fulfilled B. started C. stopped D. quit55. A. worrying B. puzzling C. com

33、paring D. concerning56. A. admire B. fashion C. fancy D. set57. A. last B. later C. eventually D. previously58. A. decide B. resolve C. revolve D. analyze59. A. limited B. countless C. timeless D. spaceless60. A. endure B. stay C. remain D. stand61. A. darkened B. clouded C. dimmed D. misted62. A. g

34、o B. come C. pass D. undergo63. A. assembling B. decreasing C. losing D. gathering64. A. give B. burden C. empower D. invest65. A. go beyond B. go about C. go after D. go against51. C 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. B 56. B 57. C 58. B 59. C 60. A- 6 -61. C 62. B 63. D 64. D 65. A【考查内容】综合考查学生词汇和上下文语篇的理解能力。【易错

35、解析】52.考查动词的选择，在人生的每个阶段我们都会蒙受损失，选择 stage。56.考查上下文的理解能力和动词的选择，但是我们为何要去创造终会消亡的美？fashion 创造、生产。58.考查动词，要解决这一矛盾，我们必须寻找一个更为广阔的视角,resolve 解决。59.考查上下文的理解能力，只有这样我们才知道虽然生命有限，但我们的业绩终究能成为一种永恒的模式，timeless 永恒的。60.考查上下文理解以及动词的选择，只有这样我们才知道虽然生命有限，但我们的业绩终究能成为一种永恒的模式。我们所建立的制度能长存，endure 持续，和下文的 last 近义。61. 考察上下文理解，我们所创

36、造的美不会因死亡而暗淡，dim 黯淡。64. 考察动词词组，因为理想本身使人生具有意义和永恒的价值，invest with 赋予65. 考察动词词组，go beyond 超出，胜过，把这一切结合起来，使之超越现有的不完善，加上对人类的富裕、和平的憧憬，你就会有一个闪耀着绚丽的希望之光的未来。下面一篇选自上海交通大学附属中学 2019-2019 学年度第二学期高三英语摸底考试试卷）难度：难Ambition is a necessary quality in life. It is the _51_ which drives us on to usewhatever talent we have

37、got. If we havent got some degree of ambition, these talents willnot be used for our own and others _52_.Ambition, _53_, can have several defects.First of all,it can be _54_. We may notbe able to see the limits of our own abilities, so we do ambitious things that are completelybeyond us. Our career

38、masters can see our good qualities and our limitations _55_. Theymay tell us that we havent the ability to deal with people and would make good businessmen.We refuse to take their evaluation. We keep on trying. Many years and many _56_ laterwe are forced to accept their _57_. But what a waste of tim

39、e our ill-founded ambitionhas caused us!Secondly, our ambition can be too _58_. Our attention is devoted to one narrowaim, such as getting distinctions in our science subjects. Everything that may draw us awayfrom this aim is cut out of our lives. In the end we get our distinctions. But what damage

40、wehave caused ourselves in the process! We are isolated beings who only care about a particularexamination. And we probably wont make good scientists. We _59_ the breadth of visionnecessary for success in higher level.Thirdly, our ambition can be limited to lifeless objectives. We want to gain money

41、, orpower, or membership of some circles. Persons who feel inferior try to _60_ by seekingthe respect of others through possessions of these artificial signs of worth.Fourthly, our ambition may be _61_. Instead of directing some of our ambitiontowards community improvement we may exploit members of

42、the community in the interestsof self-advancements. In later life we may be ambitious for the success of our children but weregard this success as only a further _62_ of our own success.Ambition is necessary in the lives of individuals-necessary for their own improvementand for the improvement of th

43、e _63_ in which they live. But, like all blind forces, it mustbe directed if it is not to cause disaster. It must be tightly controlled by the head and the heart.- 7 -Otherwise ambition may _64_ too high a price in terms of human qualities.51. A. mean B. force C. courage D. action52. A. justice B. a

44、ffection C. benefit D. emotion53. A. however B. therefore C. besides D. furthermore54. A. unpredictable B. unusual C. unrealistic D. unfavorable55. A. objective B. positive C. amusingly D. negatively56. A. miracles B. recoveries C. occasions D.disappointments57. A. notice B. solution C. judgment D.

45、measure58. A. devoted B. concentrated C. separated D. isolated59. A. caused B. made C. driven D. troubled60. A. omit B. lack C. own D. value61. A. take in B. make up C. turn down D. give out62. A. self-centered B. self-disciplined C. self-satisfied D. self-controlled63. A. time B. image C. design D.

46、 mark64. A. family B. community C. section D. position65. A. possess B. satisfy C. overtake D. demand答案：51-55BCACA 56-60DCBAB 61-65BADBD解析：51. B 词义考查。结合上下文，第一句话讲到了志向是人生当中必不可少的一个品质，它也是驱使我们发挥自身才能的一种_。结合四个选项，B 选项可以解释为“力量”，句意通顺，所以选 B。52. C 句意解析。我们使用自己的才能当然是为了给自己和我们周围的人谋福利。所以这里选 C。53. A 句意解析。结合上下文，第一段讲的都

47、是志向给我们带来的好处。但是在第二段空后“defect”则是缺陷的意思。很明显这里讲的是志向的缺点，所以表示转折。故选 A。54. C 句意解析。这里开始讲述志向的缺点。由于它我们无法看清自己力量的限制。下文则是对这个观点的解析。由于我们盲目自信，这会使得我们需要花费更多的时间来认清自己的能力上限。我们因此会浪费很多的时间，这对于我们来说显然不是一件好事。因此答案选 C。55. A 句意解析。本题同上一题一样，同样需要结合下文。我们受自己志向的限制无法认清自己。但是我们周围的人比如老板则能从他们的角度很好的知道我们的长处和短处。因此这里应该选 A“客观的”，他们既看得到我们的长处也看得到我们的

48、不足。所以对我们的认识很客观。56. D 句意解析。上文提到我们看不清我们的限制。要花费多年的时间才能认清这一点。在这期间我们肯定需要经历很多的失败才能认清这一点。所以选 D“失望”。57. C 句意解析。前文提到，我们被志向所误导，但是其他人早已看出我们的不足，我们需要花费更多的时间才能认识到这一点。才能接受他们对我们的判断。所以应该选 C。58. B 段落大意。这一段讲解的仍然是志向的缺点。综合段落内容。由于我们一直专注于自己的志向忽略了周围其他的一切。所以最终我们肯定会变得非常的孤立，所以选 B。59. A 词义解析。我们太过于专注于自己的志向而忽略我们造成的破坏。所以这里选 A。60.

49、 B 句意解析。联系上下文，这里讲的是即便我们全身心投入到自身的志向中去我们仍然不见得会成功。后面讲解的无法成功的原因是我们某个方面的不足。所以这里选“lack”表示- 8 -我们缺少这种能力。61. B 句意解析。由于有些人感到自己低人一等，当然会想办法去弥补这个不足。所以选择B 表示“弥补”。62. A 段落理解。根据空后我们将自己子女的成功看作是自己成果的延续。这是一种自私的表现，所以这里选 A 表示“以自我为中心的”。63. D 段落理解。62 题是本段的中心句，后面是对中心句的展开。我们把孩子们的成果当成是自己成功的一种标志。所以选 D。64. B 句意解析。最后一段又回到第一段，开

50、始讲述志向的好处。不管是对我们自己还是对我们的周围都有好处。结合答案 we live in the community。所以应该选 B。我们住在社区里。65. D 句意解析。综上所述，有志向是好的，但是同时我们也需要为此付出一定的代价。因此这里表示“要求”，故选 D。下面一篇选自上海市进才中学 2019 学年第一学期月考难度 难If Hillary Clinton wins the US presidential election in November, three of the worlds fivelargest economies will be led by women. Angel

51、a Merkel, Germanys chancellor, Theresa May,UK prime minister, and Mrs Clinton, have all been hailed as role models for women and girls.But the singularity and precariousness of their success raises the question: are womenautomatically good examples for other women?“The ability of role models, in por

52、traits and more importantly in the flesh, to influencegender _ 41 _ is both encouraging and muddy,” says Iris Bohnet, professor of public policyat Harvard Universitys Kennedy School.Some evidence on the power of role models is overwhelmingly _ 42 _. Ms Bohnet citesthe Panchayati Raj act, a constitut

53、ional amendment in India introduced in 1993, which _ 43_ that village councils needed to reserve one-third of their seats, and one-third of theircouncil leader positions, for women. Not only did the _ 44 _ of Indian local governmentposts held by women rise from 5 per cent in 1993 to 40 per cent by 2

54、019, but the new rolemodels the law created had a(n) _ 45 _ impact on families and younger women. With theadvent of female village leaders, the likelihood that a woman spoke up in a village meetingincreased by 25 per cent. Villagers who had been _ 46 _ to at least two female chiefs in WestBengal ove

55、rcame their initial bias against women as leaders and rated male and femaleleaders equally. This category of converts included parents, who were more likely to _ 47 _their daughters to study past secondary school, thus _ 48 _ the gender gap in aspirations,which increased womens self-confidence and t

56、heir _ 49 _ to compete in male-dominateddomains, and it changed mens and womens beliefs about what a(n) _ 50 _ leader lookedlike”.There is plenty of evidence from elsewhere in the world on the effectiveness of femalerole models. In the US, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission _ 51 _ data from

57、more than 20,000 private-sector companies and found that, when the share of female topmanagers increased, the share of women in middle-management subsequently rose._ 52 _, the US research contains some less good news. It found that the positive- 9 -influence of women in top leadership positions on g

58、ender diversity at management leveldiminished over time, suggesting that women at the top play a positive yet _ 53 _ role inwomens career advancement. Indeed, having a small number of highly successful women atthe top can prove a double-edged sword. Anecdotal evidence suggests that if the women inle

59、adership posts are overwhelmingly white, highly educated and often childless this can_ 54 _other women who do not fit these categories. The experience of much-written-about“superwomen”, such as fund managers Nicola Horlick and Helena Morrissey in the UK, orSheryl Sandberg, chief operating officer of

60、 Facebook in the US, can sometimes discourage asmuch as encourage those _ 55 _ to imitate their success.41.A. difference B. discrimination C. equality D. diversity42.A. informative B. negative C. positive D. creative43. A. implied B. advised C. challenged D. ordered44. A. choice B. share C. welfare

61、D. impact45. A. slight B. invisible C. idealist D. dramatic46. A. directed B. exposed C. accustomed D. addicted47. A. want B. refuse C. discourage D. invite48. A. widening B. eliminating C. broadening D. utilizing49. A. stress B. fear C. willingness D. endurance50. A. helpful B. considerate C. effec

62、tive D. cooperative51. A. analyzed B. recorded C. collected D. published52. A. Therefore B.Instead C. Besides D. However53. A. significant B. unnecessary C. temporary D. dominant54. A. block B. inspire C. promote D. defeat55. A. hesitating B. managing C. refusing D. attempting【答案】BCDBD BABCC ADCAD【分

63、析】41.考查名词。A. difference 不同 B. discrimination 歧视 C. equality平等D. diversity多样性。句意是一些女性的示范的作用是影响由来已久的男女歧视，故选 B。42.考查形容词。A. informative 知识性的 B. negative 负面的 C. positive 正 面 的 D.creative 创造性的。因为后文讲的是正面的女性参与社会事务的例子，选 C。43.考查动词。A. implied 暗示 B. advised 建议 C. challenged 挑战 D. ordered 命令 因为这句话主语是法令，法令的作用是命令，

64、故选 D。44.考查名词。A. choice 选择 B. share 份额 C. welfare 福利 D. impact 影响。句子后半部分涉及比例，根据句意可知选 B。45.考查形容词。A. slight 轻微的 B. invisible 看不见的 C. idealist 理想的 D. dramatic 夸张的。这句话引导后面妇女参政议政对女性对自身身份的重新定位，但是这一影响是潜在的，根据句意可知选 B。- 10 -46.考查动词。A. directed 指向 B. exposed 暴露 C. accustomed 习惯 D. addicted 吸引。这句话讲一些市镇中有女性领导者，根据

65、句意答案为 B。47.考查动词。A. want 想要 B. refuse 拒绝 C. discourage 阻止 D. invite 邀请。此处是指女性意识提升，会鼓励自己的女儿继续就学，根据句意可知选 A。48.考查动词。A. widening 扩宽 B. eliminating 去除 C. broadening 拓展 D. utilizing 使用。这句话是指这样的趋势会使男女之间鸿沟缩窄，根据句意可知选 B。49.考查名词。A. stress 压力 B. fear 痛苦 C. willingness 意愿 D. endurance 坚持 这句话承接上文，女性在过去男性主导的社会更有意愿参

66、与其中，根据句意可知答案为 C。50.考查形容词。A. helpful 有帮助的 B. considerate体贴的 C. effective有效的 D. cooperative合作的。承接上文，女性对谁应该成为有能力的领导者有自己的想法，选 C。51.考查动词。A. analyzed 分析 B. recorded 记录 C. collected 收集 D. published 出版。做调查研究，在得出结果之前自然是分析数据，故选 A。52.考查副词。A. Therefore 因此 B.Instead 反而 C. Besides 此外 D. However 然而。因为前面讲的是女性参与社会事务

67、的促进作用，接下来讨论的与前面有不同，选 D。53.考查形容词。A. significant 重要的 B. unnecessary 不必要的 C. temporary 暂时的 D.dominant 统治的。这句话讲到女性的领导者地位对于公司其他女性的影响逐步降低，故选C。54.考查动词。A. block 阻碍 B. inspire 激励 C. promote 促进 D. defeat 打败。这句话继续讲女性领导者反而会使得其他适合这一岗位的女性应征者望而却步，根据句意可知选 A。55.考查动词。A. hesitating 犹豫 B. managing 管理 C. refusing 拒绝 D.

68、attempting 尝试。这句依然在讨论原本想要效仿成功女性的例子，根据句意可知选 D。选自上海市进才中学 2019 届高三上学期中考试）难度：难The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people.According to American law, if someone (1)_ a crime, he or she is considered (2)_until the court proves that the person is guilty. (3)_, it is the

69、responsibility of the courtto prove that a person is guilty. It is not the (4)_ of the person to prove that he or sheis innocent.In order to arrest a person, the police (5)_ be reasonably sure that a crime hasbeen committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting himand

70、tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station tobook him. Booking means that the name of the person and the charges against him are(6)_ listed at the police station.- 11 -The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether thes

71、uspect should be kept in jail or (7)_. If the suspect has no previous criminal record andthe judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away for example, because heowns a house and has a family he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail. Atthis time, too, the judge will ap

72、point a court layer to (8)_ the suspect if he cant affordone.The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorneysoffice presents a case against the suspect. This is called a (9)_. The attorney may present(10)_as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decid

73、es whether there isenough reason to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is (11)_ evidence to(12)_ a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally pleadguilty or not guilty.At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears

74、thetestimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidenceand decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendantis innocent, he goes free.(13)_, if he is convicted, the judge sets a dale for the defendantto appear in court

75、again for (14)_. At this time, the judge tells the convicted personwhat his punishment will be. The judge may sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine,or place him on probation.The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However,every step is designed to protect

76、 the rights of the people. These (15)_ rights are thebasis, or foundation, of the American government.1. A. is guilty of B.is responsible for C.is accused of D.is shamed of2. A. unpleasant B. inexperienced C. paralleled D. innocent3. A. On the contrary B. As a result C. In addition D. In other words

77、4. A. responsibility B. conviction C. humanity D. initiative5. A. are obliged to B. might as well C. are entitled to D. are qualified to6. A. reasonably B. formally C. readily D. occasionally7. A. locked up B. set free C. concerned about D. occasionally8. A. defend B. protect C. support D. shelter9.

78、 A. process B. decision C. opportunity D. hearing10. A. victims B. claims C. evidence D. information11. A. sufficient B. fantastic C. demanding D. economic12. A. call on B. call at C. call up D. call for13. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Consequently14. A. booking B. sentencing C. punishing D

79、. releasing15. A. common B. substantial C. individual D. popular- 12 -【答案】1-5. CDDAA 6-10. BBADC 11-15. ADBBC【分析】1.考查形容词。A. is guilty of 有罪的 B. is responsible for 有责任的 C. is accused of 被控D. is shamed of 感觉羞耻的。嫌疑犯被定罪之前需要被指控有罪，故选 C。2.考查形容词。A. unpleasant 不开心的 B. inexperienced 没有经验的 C. paralleled 平行的D.

80、innocent 无辜的。在定罪之前嫌疑犯被视为无辜的，选 D。3.考查副词。A. On the contrary 相反 B. As a result因此 C. In addition 此外 D. In other words换句话说。前面讲嫌疑犯被定罪需要法庭来认定，所以换句话说，嫌疑犯无须自辩清白，故选 D。4.考查名词。A. responsibility 责任 B. conviction 定罪 C. humanity 人性 D. initiative 计划。嫌疑犯没有责任证明清白，根据句意可知选 A。5.考查动词。A. are obliged to 有责任做 B. might as we

81、ll 也可以 C. are entitled to 被授予D. are qualified to 有资格。在逮捕嫌疑犯之前，警方有责任说明具体案件，故选 A。6.考查副词。A. reasonably 合理地 B. formally 正式地 C. readily 欣然地 D. occasionally 偶尔地。嫌疑犯在记录之后说明正式列入警察局的列表。根据句意可知选 B。7.考查动词。A. locked up 锁起来 B. set free 释放 C. concerned about 担 心 D.occasionally 偶尔地。法官有权判决嫌疑犯是否收监或释放，选 B。8.考查动词。A. de

82、fend辩护 B. protect 保护 C. support 支持 D. shelter 提供庇护。如果嫌疑犯请不起律师，法院会派一名法官为他进行辩护，故选 A。9.考查名词。A. process 过程 B. decision 决定 C. opportunity 机会 D. hearing 听证会。在检察官提出立案之前，需要开听证会，根据句意可知选 D。10.考查名词。A. victims 受害者 B. claims 宣称 C. evidence 证据 D. information 信息。句意：检查官需要给出证据和证人，根据句意可知选 C。11.考查形容词。A. sufficient 足够的

83、 B. fantastic 惊人的 C. demanding 要 求 高 的 D.economic 经济的。法官需要提供足够的证据，故选 A。12.考查动词。A. call on 号召 B. call at 拜访 C. call up 召集 D. call for 要求。法官需要证据申请审讯，根据句意和逻辑推理可知选 D。13.考查形容词。A. Besides 除此之外 B. However 然而 C. Therefore 因此 D. Consequently结果。前面是无罪，后者是定罪，前后语义相反，选 B。14.考查名词。A. booking 记录 B. sentencing 判决 C.

84、punishing 惩罚 D. releasing 释放。定罪后法官会择日宣判，故选 B。15.考查形容词。A. common 平常 B. substantial 实质上 C. individual 个人的 D. popular流行的。本文讲的是公民个人的权利，根据句意可知选 C。选自 2019 年杨高月考难度 中Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 50

85、 , words of wisdom are soonforgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 51 the second half of- 13 -the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders,and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they

86、regard as the boring side of business 52 that the customer remains a customer.53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business hugeamounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In c

87、onstantly changing 54 , this is notsurprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how manycustomers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities andcalculate the 55 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company

88、 losescan make a big 56 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per centdecrease in the number of defecting (流失的) customers led to 57 increases of between25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Dominos Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000over ten years. A customer

89、 who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visitand 58 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 59 profits(more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to deny.

90、“In practice mostcompanies marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to61 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University School of Management. “Researchsuggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits.62 customers tend to

91、 buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than newcustomers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter amarket or increase their share of a market.50. A. in particular B

92、. in reality C. at least D. first of all51. A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe52. A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving53. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing54. A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses55. A. culture B. social C. financial D. Economical56. A. promise B. pla

93、n C. mistake D. difference57. A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget58. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary59. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable60. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest61. A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting62. A. Ass

94、umed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected63. A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive64. A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenient【文章大意】本文是议论文，主要论述了“留住客户的重要性”。- 14 -Keys：5054. BCBDA 5559. CDCAB 6064. BCCDB解析：50. 空前面的but表示转折，前一句说的是“吸引和留住顾客听起来很简单，也可以达成。”后一句是说“实际上，一些至理名言被很快地忘记了。”连

95、词but是此题的解题关键。该题易。51.“公司一旦吸引来顾客，他们通常会忽略了留住顾客这一点。”只要认识选项中的词义，把握句意，便能选对。52.此题解题的关键是破折号。此句中的破折号是对前一句和上文内容的补充说明。上文说的是要留住顾客，这句便说及公司忘了确保他们的客户仍旧是他们的客户。根据四个选项的意思，应选择 ensuring:确保。53.考查短语的固定搭配和段落内容的理解。当遇到段落的首句设空时，需进一步往下看，概括此段的段落大意。段落的首句通常是该段内容的提纲挚领。因此只要能把握住该段的段落大意，便能确定首句空格中需填入的词。这一段主要是说未能留住顾客给公司带来了一定的经济损失。故选择

96、failing. fail to do sth.未能做某事。54.要选对此题，需把握此段语篇的语境。不难发现，因丢失顾客而给公司带来经济损失在不断变化着的市场环境中屡见不鲜。因此，发生这些经济损失的大背景是市场，故选 markets.55.公司丢失了顾客，一定是在经济上受到影响。故本题选择 financial. 迷惑项 economical的意思是“节俭的”56.make a big difference 的意思是“有很大的影响”。结合下一句可知，减少流失顾客的数量可以导致利润的增加，这与让顾客流失对公司产生的影响是有很大不同的。57.如果上一题能选对，此题也可一派相承，即减少流失顾客的数量可

97、以导致利润的增加。58.空格之后的 never returns 和 and 之前的内容是因果关系，故选 as a result.选择连词的关键在于正确判断上下句之间的语意关系。59. “一个丢失的顾客使公司损失数以万计潜在的利益”。这种损失可能在当下无法直接被察觉，所以是潜在的利润损失。故选 potential：潜在的。60.由上文可知，要留住顾客对一个公司而言，显得非常重要。61.通篇文章说的是留住顾客的重要性，在四个选项中，keeping 含有“保持、维持”的含义，与上文的 retaining 是近义词的复现。62.此句要表达的意思是固定的顾客群对于公司的益处。根据词义，establish

98、ed 的意思是：已经被建立起来的。63.此句表达的意思是：老的顾客群对价格问题不会特别敏感，并且可能会为公司提供免费的口头广告。再根据四个选项的词义，sensitive 为最佳选项。64.此句是从竞争者的角度而言的，留住的顾客使竞争者很难进入该市场或提高他们的市场份额。因此，把握住此句的句意，便能正确地选出 difficult.2019 华二 12 月月考 难度 中The most obvious benefit of a single currency is that it will no longer be necessary toincur(引起)the costs of exchang

99、e from one currency to another. Travelers know that thesecosts are not negligible. First of all, there is a commission (41) (usually a fixed amount);secondly, the price (42) which the traveler purchases foreign currency for domesticcurrency (43) from the price of exchanging back surplus (过剩)foreign

100、currency. The- 15 -removal of these transaction costs constitutes a gain from monetary union.Another benefit is that removal of exchange rate (44) between the countries of theEU would provide much more assurance to (45) location decisions. At present, acompany takes (46) of the risk of exchange rate

101、 variation in its location decision, andthis may lead it to scatter its plants across the various economies to hedge against(防范)therisk of exchange rate variation. Removing this source of uncertainty allows investors to (47)according to economies of scale and may lead to more plants of (48) size, a

102、reductionin unit cost of production, and increase in (49) .A single currency provides the (50) for counter-inflationary(反通胀)policies. Asingle currency could lead to a (51) in the market discrimination that currently existsin the EU(for example, prices of motor cars of the (52) specification(规格) stan

103、d higherin the UK than they do in France) as the quotation(报价) of prices in common currencydiscourages arbitrage(套利)activity and reduces the market division(53) which suchdiscrimination relies.(54) , firms in one country cannot continue to (55)_ their priceshigher than their European competitors and

104、 still remain competitive.41. A. money B. sum C. tip D. charge42. A. on B. at C. in D. over43. A. different B. infers C. differs D. variable44. A. float B. contrast C. difference D. variation45. A. appropriate B. cooperative C. corporate D. reasonable46. A. account B. count C. mind D. range47. A. de

105、cide B. locate C. choose D. invest48. A. largest B. maximum C. medium D. optimum49. A. effect B. effectiveness C. deficiency D. efficiency50. A. shade B. firework C. framework D. door51. A. rise B. reduction C. revival D. cause52. A. same B. different C. similar D. excessive53. A. in B. on C. over D

106、. at54. A. While B. Thus C. However D. Although55. A. rise B. arise C. raise D. set【答案】：DBCDC ABDDC BABBC【解析】：本文主要介绍统一货币，去除汇率差的好处。41. 考察名词语境，commission 委托，上文讲旅行者都会注意到汇率的变化是不可忽视的 notnegligible，由括号可知次数是委托费用，charge 表示要价，价格，费用，收费。42. 考察介词搭配，以什么价格购买用 at the price- 16 -43. 考察动词，由上句定从可知此处缺少动词，主宾皆为 price，因此

107、为 differ from44. 考察名词，语境可知这里要去除货币相互兑换时的落差，C 为干扰项，各个国家的汇率都不一样，这是不用除去的，要除去的是在在某个国家兑换货币时兑换和换回的落差。下文也有复现。45. 考察名词，企业选址的问题。46. 考察词组搭配，take account of 考虑47. 考察动词，由上下文语境可知为选址问题。48. 考察名词，语境可知选最优的 optimum49. 考察名词，减少开支，增加公司的运营效率。50. 考察名词，搭配 policies 只能用 framework 框架51. 考察名词，根据上文可知，single currency 带来的是好处，discr

108、imination 歧视，因此是减少。52. 考察名词，后面有对价格的比较，因此只有此处选一样的产品才能题型汇率的差别。53. 考察介词，搭配 rely54. 考察副词，由语境可知此处是一个承接。55. 考察动词，由 higher 可知此处为 raise。历年高考真题完型填空汇编2019 年The first attempt of even the most talented artists, musicians, and writers is seldom amasterpiece, If you consider your drafts as dress rehearsals (彩排),

109、or tryouts, revising willseem a natural part of the writing 50 What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that manyBroadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting, replacing, reordering, 51revisingAndrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Opera underwent suc

110、h a process.When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny, excitingproductionHowever, when Phantom opened in London in 1986, the audience saw a movingpsychological love story set to musicThe musical had 52 several revisions due, in part,to problems with costuming and makeup (戏服和化妆)

111、For instance, Lloyd Webber 53some of the music because the Phantoms makeup prevented the actor from singing certainsounds.When you revise, you change aspects of your work in 54 to your evolving purpose,or to include 55 ideas or newly discovered information.Revision is not just an afterthought that g

112、ets only as much time as you have at the endof an assignment 56 , it is a major stage of the writing process, and writers revise everystep of the wayEven your decision to 57 topics while prewriting is a type ofrevisingHoweverdont make the mistake of skipping the revision stage that follows- 17 -58 A

113、lways make time to become your own 59 and view your dress rehearsal, soto speakReviewing your work in this way can give you 60 new ideas.Revising involves 61 the effectiveness and appropriateness of all aspects of yourwriting, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusing or developing the facts

114、and ideasyou presentWhen you revise, ask yourself the following questions, keeping in mind theaudience for whom you are writing: Is my main idea or purpose 62 throughout my draft?Do I ever lose sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the 63 that is, facts,opinions,inferences - that they

115、need in order to understand my main idea? Finally, have I includedtoo many 64 details that may confuse readers?50Atechnique Bstyle Cprocess Dcareer51Ain particular Bas a result Cfor example Din other words52Aundergone Bskipped Crejected Dreplaced53Arewrote Breleased Crecorded Dreserved54Aaddition Br

116、esponse Copposition Dcontrast55Afixed Bambitious Cfamiliar Dfresh56AHowever BMoreover CInstead DTherefore57Adiscuss Bswitch Cexhaust Dcover58Adrafting Brearranging Cperforming Dtraining59Adirector Bmaster Caudience Dvisitor60Apersonal Bvaluable Cbasic Ddelicate61Amixing Bweakening Cmaintaining Dasse

117、ssing62Aamazing Bbright Cunique Dclear63Aangles Bevidence Cinformation Dhints64Aunnecessary Buninteresting Cconcrete Dfinal5054 CDAAB 5559 DCBAC 6064 BDDCA2019 年Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But,

118、 50 , words of wisdom are soonforgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 51 the second half ofthe story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders,and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what theyreg

119、ard as the boring side of business 52 that the customer remains a customer.53 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business hugeamounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In cons

120、tantly changing 54 , this is notsurprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how manycustomers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities andcalculate the 55implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company los

121、es can make a big 56- 18 -in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number ofdefecting (流失的) customers led to 57 increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US, Dominos Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000over ten years. A custo

122、mer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visitand 58 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 59 profits(more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 60 is impossible to den

123、y. “In practice mostcompanies marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to61 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University School of Management. “Researchsuggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits.62 customers tend

124、 to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than newcustomers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 63 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 64 for competitors to enter amarket or increase their share of a market.65. A. in particula

125、r B. in reality C. at least D. first of all66. A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe67. A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving68. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing69. A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses70. A. culture B. social C. financial D. economical71. A. promise B.

126、plan C. mistake D. differe nce72. A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget73. A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary74. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable75. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. habits D. interest76. A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting77.

127、 A. Assumed B. Respected C. Established D. Unexpected78. A. agreeable B. flexible C. friendly D. sensitive79. A. unfair B. difficult C. essential D. convenient5054. BCBDA 5559. CDCAB 6064. BCCDB2019 年Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets,increasingly transform

128、ing the world economy into one free-flowing global market. Thequestion is：Is economic globalization 50 for all?According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization hashelped reduce 51 in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study thatshows increased wealt

129、h 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-fourdeveloping countries as a result of integration (融合) of local economies into the worldeconomy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes53 at an average rate of five percentcompared to two percent in deve

130、loped countries.Those who 54 globalization claim that economies in developing countries willbenefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses. 55 , small farmers- 19 -in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in 56 open-air marketscan now promote their goods wo

131、rldwide by the Internet.Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually 57 thegap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commissionon the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries haveactually 58

132、from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated,unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind. 59 , they maintain thatglobalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmenwho currently seem to benefit from globalization becau

133、se they are able to 60 theirproducts may soon face fierce competition that could pot them out of 61 . When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Martmove in, these small businesses will not be able to 62 and will be crowded out.One thing is certain a

134、bout globalizationthere is no 63 . Advances in technologycombined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The 64now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.(347 words)50. A. possible B. smooth C. good D. easy51. A. crime B. p

135、overty C. conflict D. population52. A. contributing B. responding C. turning D. owing53. A. remain B. drop C. shift D. increase54. A. doubt B. define C. advocate D. ignore55. A. In addition B. For instance C. In other words D. All in all56. A. mature B. new C. local D. foreign57. A. finding B. explo

136、ring C. bridging D. widening58. A. suffered B. profited C. learned D. withdrawn59. A. Furthermore B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise60. A. consume B. deliver C. export D. advertise61. A. trouble B. business C. power D. mind62. A. keep up B. come in C. go around D. help out63. A. taking off B. gett

137、ing along C. holding out D. turning back64. A. agreement B. prediction C. outcome D. challenge50 C 5155 BADCB 5660 CDBAC 6164 BADD2019 年Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not withdiscussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about f

138、ilmsweve just watched or books weve just finished reading, but plain and simple _51_.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we _52_ do with it? Wegossip. About others behaviour and private lives, such as whos doing what with whom, whosin and whos out-and why; how to deal with di

139、fficult _53_ situations involving children, lovers,and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural _54_, of both time and words?- 20 -Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really importantissues of life? Its not the case according to Pro

140、fessor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book,Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of thesereally_55_issues.Dunbar _56_ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the earlystage of social development in order to organize their man

141、ly hunting activities moreeffectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and thesupernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We dont spendtwo-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar_57_, he goeson to say, langua

142、ge evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the _58_ of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of grooming-cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys formgroups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kin

143、d ofconflict within the group or_59_ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar_60_ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sensebecause the bigger the group, the greater the _61_ it provided; on the other han

144、d, thebigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to _62_the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activitiesalso had to be _63_ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more _64_ kind

145、 of groomingwas needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowedhumans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over awider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one _65_ contact.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D

146、. language52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens57. A. for instance B. in addit

147、ion C. on the contrary D. as a result58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease63.

148、 A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secret- 21 -2019 年If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determinetheir meaning, you would not detect a deep interest in r

149、omance among the artists. 51 ,you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient peopleseemed to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52to peoples lives. The 53 is all around

150、 us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern storieshaving to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories inpopular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 .They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think

151、attraction is all about cleanteeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved.You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing iscertain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First ImpressionTo help determine the 56 o

152、f attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmatesand had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each others individuality.Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build withtheir partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.

153、As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 60 KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction.Many animals give off pheromonesnatural chemicals that can be detected by, and

154、 then canproduce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that ananimal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans donot seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, doesseem to play a part in human

155、attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals likepheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every- 22 -interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing somethingwe find attractive. Resear

156、chers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images thesame as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64attractiveness seems to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then w

157、ords with good or bad associations, peopleresponded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing somethingattractive seems to cause happy thinking.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. beneficial53. A. priority B. proof C. possi

158、bility D. principle54. A. tested B. imposed C. changed D. created55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D. passions56. A. illustrations B. implications C. ingredients D. intensions57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall58. A. critical B. initial C. random D. mature59. A. memorize

159、B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted63. A. emotions B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. assess65. A. familiar B. pla

160、in C. positive D. insulting51. A 52. C 53. B 54. D 55. C 56. C 57. A 58. B 59. B 60. A61. A 62. D 63. B 64. D 65. C2019 秋考Famous people often say that the key to becoming both happy and successful is to “do- 23 -what you love.” But mastering a skill, even one that you deeply love, 41_ a huge amount

161、ofdull work. Anyone who want to master a skill must run through the cycle of practice, 42_feedback, modification, and increasing improvement again, again and again. Some peopleseem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years and take pleasure in theirgradual improvement. Yet ot

162、hers find this kind of focused, time-intensive work to be 43_or boring.Why?The difference may turn on the ability to enter into a state of “follow,” the feeling of beingcompletely 44_ in what you are doing. Whether you call it being “in the zone,” or somethingelse, a flow state is a special experien

163、ce. Since Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi developed the 45_of flow in the 1970s, it has been a mainstay of positive-psychology research. Flow states canhappen in the course of any activity, and they are most common when a task has well-definedgoals and is at a(n) 46_ skill level, and where the individual is

164、 able to 47_ their performanceto clear and immediate feedback.Csikszentmihalyi suggested that those who most 48_ entered into flow states had an“autotelic personality(自带目的性人格)”a disposition to seek out challenges and get into astate of flow. While those without such a personality see difficulties, a

165、utotelic individuals seeopportunities to build skills. Autotelic individuals are receptive and open to new challenges.They are also 49_ and have low levels of self-centeredness. Such people, with their capacityfor “disinterested interest” have a great 50 over others in developing their innateabiliti

166、es.Fortunately for those of us who arent 51_ blessed with an autotelic personality, thereis evidence that flow states can be 52_ by environmental factors. 53_, the learningframework prescribed by Montessori schools seems to encourage flow states.While there isnt (yet) a pill that can turn mundane pr

167、actice into a thrilling activity foranyone, it is heartening that we seem, at least to some 54_, to be able to nudge ourselvestoward flow states. By giving ourselves unstructured, open-ended time, minimal 55_, and atask set at a moderate level of difficulty, we may be able to love what were doing wh

168、ile weput in the hard work practicing the things we love doing.41. A. inquires B. requires C. acquires D. gains42. A. preventable B. maintainable C. sustainable D. critical43. A. frustrating B. encouraging C. concerning D. instructing- 24 -44. A. improved B. indicated C. involved D. inspired45. A. c

169、oncept B. receipt C. reception D. condition46. A. alternative B. appropriate C. approximate D. sufficient47. A. make B. adopt C. adapt D. adjust48. A. fully B. really C. readily D. accidentally49. A. generous B. persistent C. courageous D. resistant50. A. addict B. advance C. advantage D. admire51.

170、A. necessarily B. obviously C. gradually D. occasionally52. A. forbidden B. functioned C. fastened D. facilitated53. A. In particular B. For example C. In conclusion D. In comparison54. A. intention B. extent C. purpose D. intent55. A. temptation B. charming C. attractions D. distractions41-45 BDACA 46-50 BDCBC 51-55 ADBBD- 25 -