专题 07 英美文化阅读理解专项：英国校餐 英国酒吧 英式下午茶-2024年高考英语常考英美文化阅读专练 素材积累.docx

1、17. School Dinners 校餐In the UK, most children have their midday meal at school, but in many schools, parents can choose what they eat. The children can have a school dinner a hot, cooked meal; or they can take a packed lunch with them, which usually includes cold food like sandwiches. Often parents

2、decide on the basis of what their children want. Cath, a mother of three children told us, “My children have packed lunches, because they say they hate school dinners. So I make 3 packed lunches every morning, so were like a sandwich bar in our kitchen in the morning.”However, another mother, Susan

3、made her choice based on the nutritious value of the food. She said, “My daughters always had school dinners. I think she probably gets better healthier food by having a cooked lunch at school than she would if I made a few sandwiches.”But how healthy are school dinners? Kaz, a father, wasnt impress

4、ed with them, “Fizzy drinks were offered and I think there were a lot of chips.”The question of how healthy school food is was brought to the forefront by celebrity chef Jamie Oliver, who launched a campaign to improve childrens nutrition, after spending a year working in a school kitchen. The TV se

5、ries about the campaign won a award this week. He was horrified at the junk food which he saw being served which included burgers, pizzas and chips. So he decided to ban the junk, and started cooking some good stews and curries for the children instead.So Jamie improved the school dinners in that pa

6、rticular school, and trained the dinner ladies to cook healthy food. Then he put pressure on the government to improve the standards of school food across the country. And it looks like the changes have begun. Anna, a pupil at a secondary school told us, “We used to have a fast food counter where yo

7、u got chips and stuff but they stopped that this year. Theres a salad bar, which is good, so its healthier than it was.” (341 words) Helper:packed lunch自备午餐 on the basis of基于. a sandwich bar三明治吧nutritiousnju:tris有营养的 fizzy drinks汽水 brought to the forefront引起重视celebrity chef名厨 launched a campaign发起一项

8、运动 stewstju:炖肉（菜） currykri咖喱食品 put pressure on施加压力BAFTA：British Academy of Film and Television Arts(英国)电影与电视艺术奖，英国的奥斯卡。Retrieved from Brief Introduction:在英国，大多孩子在学校吃午饭，但是在很多学校里，家长可以选择让孩子们吃些什么。孩子们可以吃烹饪过的热乎乎的校餐，或者也可以带一份自备午餐通常包含像三明治之类的凉菜。父母的决定通常取决于孩子的要求。一位三个孩子的母亲Cath告诉我们：“我的孩子吃自备午餐，因为他们说他们讨厌校餐。所以每天早上我都

9、要做三份自备午餐，结果早晨的时候我们的厨房就像是一家三明治吧。”但是另一位母亲Susan则根据食物的营养价值做出她的选择。她说：“我的女儿一直吃校餐。我觉得和我做的三明治比起来，她可以从经过烹饪的校餐里吃到更健康的食物。”但是校餐有多健康呢？一位叫Kaz的父亲对此印象并不深，“会提供汽水，而且我想会有很多薯条。”名厨Jamie Oliver引起了人们对于校餐健康问题的重视。他在一所学校的厨房工作一年以后，发起了一项改善学生营养的运动。关于该项运动的电视剧在本周赢得了BAFTA奖。他看见像汉堡包、比萨、薯条之类的垃圾食品被端给孩子吃，感到异常震惊。于是他决定禁止垃圾食品，开始烹调健康的炖肉和咖喱

10、给孩子们。Jamie不但改善了那所学校的校餐，而且还培训餐厅女服务员做健康的食品。然后他想政府施加压力，要求在全国范围内提高校园食品的标准。看起来改变已经在发生了。一位中学生安娜告诉我们：“以前我们有一个出售薯条的快餐柜台，但是今年被取缔了。现在有一个色拉吧，感觉不错，而且比以前健康多了。” Exercises:1. Which of the following descriptions about Jamie Oliver is UNTRUE?A. He used to work in a school kitchen.B. He played a role in a TV series a

11、nd won a BAFTA award.C. He launched a campaign to improve childrens nutrition.D. He put pressure on the government to improve the standards of school food.2. We can infer from the passage that .A. school food is healthier than packed lunch.B. most parents made their choices based on nutrition.C. sch

12、ool dinners are not so healthy as expected.D. most children enjoy packed lunch better than school dinners.3. Jamie Oliver launched a campaign to improve childrens nutrition because .A. he is a celebrity chefB. he spent a year working in a school kitchenC. he wanted to be famousD. he was shocked by t

13、he junk food served in school dinners.4. What effect does the campaign have on school dinners?A. The campaign does improve school dinners to a certain degree.B. Now school dinners are completely healthy.C. There is no point launching such a campaign.D. It was only supported by a secondary school. Ke

14、ys and Explanations:1. 选B。细节理解题。由第五段spending a year working in a school kitchen可知A项正确；由第五段最后一句The TV series about the campaign won a BAFTA award this week可知电视剧与Jamie Oliver发起的运动有关，但并没有提到他在剧中扮演角色，故B项错误；由第五段launched a campaign to improve childrens nutrition可知C项正确；由第七段Then he put pressure on the govern

15、ment to improve the standards of school food across the country可知D项正确。2. 选C。推理判断题。文章提到校餐不够健康，需要改善，这也是本文的主要内容，故C项正确。3. 选D。细节理解题。由第六段首句He was horrified at the junk food which he saw being served which included burgers, pizzas and chips可知D选项正确。4. 选A。推理判断题。由文章最后两段可知，Jamie Oliver发起的改善校餐运动的确产生了一些积极的效果，但文章

16、并未提到该问题已经彻底解决，故A项正确。18. Pubs 酒吧One thing Britain is famous for is pubs, and no trip to the UK would be complete without a visit to one of the thousands of pubs across the country.Pubs play an important part in the social structure of the country. They are places where all ages and social classes mix

17、 to talk, do business, or just spend a couple of quiet hours before heading home in the evening.Two pints of beer as served in a British pubThere are many different types of beer available in pubs. Traditional British beer is called bitter, or ale, and is usually served at room temperature. As a res

18、ult, the British are famous for their warm beer!If you prefer a cold beer, ask for lager. This beer is a light yellow in colour whereas bitter is usually a darker brown. Another type of beer is stout you may have heard of Guinness, which is a type of stout. This is a cold, black beer and takes a lon

19、g time to pour, so dont be surprised if you have to wait for it.All beers are served as pints (500 ml) or halves (250ml). To order, you need to ask for a pint or half, and then name the beer. So, you could say A pint of bitter, please.Another drink is cider. This is like beer, but it is made from ap

20、ples so it can taste sweet. Wine, red or white, is normally available in all pubs, as are spirits such as whisky, gin or vodka. These are served as singles (25ml) or doubles (50ml).It is not, however, necessary to drink alcohol. Non-alcoholic drinks are called soft drinks. You can have juice, lemona

21、de or cola, among others.If you visit a pub in a group, it is important to pay for your round. This means that you buy a drink for everyone in your group. Not buying your round is a big social mistake! Remember that you need to order and pay for your drinks at the bar.So, follow these tips if you wa

22、nt to get the most out of visiting a pub, and, cheers! (347 words) Helper:pubs酒吧 social structure社会结构bitter苦啤酒 ale eil (淡色）浓啤酒 lagerl:g啤酒的一种 stout staut黑啤酒pour压入酒杯;倒酒cider said苹果酒spirits烈性酒 to get the most out of从获得最大收益 cheers!干杯！ Brief Introduction:在英国有一样著名的就是酒吧，到英国旅行总会参观遍布全国的数千家酒吧当中的某一家。酒吧在这个国家的社会

23、结构中起到重要的作用。在那里，不同年龄、不同阶层的人们聚在一起聊天、做生意，或者仅仅是在夜晚回家之前度过几个小时安静的时间。酒吧里有各种不同种类的啤酒可供饮用。传统的英国啤酒被称作苦啤酒或浓啤酒，通常端上来的啤酒温度与室温相当。结果，英国就因为“温啤酒”而出名了。如果你更喜欢冰啤酒的话，就点贮藏啤酒。这种啤酒是浅黄色的而苦啤酒通常是深褐色。另一种啤酒叫做黑啤酒或许你听说过吉尼斯，那就是一种黑啤酒。这是一种冷的黑色啤酒，并且倒酒需要花费一段时间，所以如果你不得不为此等待，请不要过于惊讶。所有的啤酒都是按品脱或半品脱计量的。点酒的时候，你需要说明要一品脱还是半品脱，然后说出啤酒的名字。比如，你可以

24、说“一品脱苦啤酒，谢谢”。还有一种饮料叫苹果酒。它看起来像啤酒，但它是由苹果酿造而成的，因此尝起来有甜味。酒吧通常也提供红、白葡萄酒，以及像威士忌、杜松子酒或伏特加这样的烈性酒。它们则是按单份或双份计量的。尽管如此，并不一定非要饮用酒精饮料。也有不含酒精的软性饮料。你可以喝果汁、柠檬水或者可乐等。如果你成群结队地到酒吧喝酒，那么给圈子里的人付账是非常重要的。这意味着你要请每一个人喝一杯。不给圈子里的人买单是一项重大社交性错误！记住在酒吧里你需要给你们圈子里的人都点酒并买单。那么，如果你想从造访酒吧中获得最大收益的话，就遵循上面的提示吧。然后，“干杯！” Exercises:1. How man

25、y kinds of beer are mentioned in the article?A. 3 B. 4 C. 6 D. 92. Which of the following descriptions about beer is UNTRUE?A. Bitter is a warm beer and a darker brown in color.B. Ale is a warm beer and a light yellow in color.C. Lager is a cold beer and a light yellow in color.D. Stout is a cold, b

26、lack beer and takes a long time to pour.3. It can be inferred from the 8th paragraph that .A. you had better visit a pub in a groupB. you should buy everyone a drink if you visit a pubC. you need to pay for your round at the barD. if you visit a pub in a group, you may drink without paying.4. Alcoho

27、lic drinks include .A. beer B. cider C. wine and spirits D. all aboveKeys and Explanations:1. 选A。细节理解题。由第三、第四段可知，文中提到的啤酒种类有bitter/ ale（苦啤酒）、lager（贮藏啤酒）和stout（黑啤酒）三种，故A项正确。2. 选B。细节理解题。由第三、第四段可知，ale其实是bitter的另一个名称，它是温啤酒，但颜色应该是较深的褐色，故选B项。3. 选C。推理判断题。第八段的意思是说，如果你和朋友一起到酒吧喝酒，你应该请你的朋友们喝一杯，或者说给他们买单，故C项正确。4.

28、 选D。细节理解题。由第七段It is not, however, necessary to drink alcohol以及Non-alcoholic drinks are called soft drinks可知，这段以上提到的饮料都是含有酒精的饮料，故D项正确。19. The history of afternoon tea下午茶的来历：In 1662, King Charles II of England married the Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza who brought with her, as part of her d

29、owry, a small chest of tea. As the new queen, Catherine began the serving of tea to her friends at court.Although there is mention of five oclock tea in France in the 17th century, the credit for the invention of Afternoon Tea is given to Anna Russell, duchess of Bedford who, during the long gap bet

30、ween an early breakfast and very late dinner, experienced what she called a sinking feeling at about 4 or 5 in the afternoon. She asked her maid to bring her a pot of tea, a little bread and butter and cake in her room. She found this arrangement so agreeable that she began asking her friends to joi

31、n her.High tea, a term often confused with afternoon tea, usually takes the place of supper. During the Industrial Revolution, working class families would return home tired and exhausted. The table would be set with dinner foods like meat, bread, butter, potatoes, cheese and of course tea. It was t

32、ermed high tea because it was eaten at a high dining table rather than a low tea table.Afternoon tea (because it was usually taken in the late afternoon) is also called low tea as it is served at a low table. Since this wasnt a meal, but rather like a late afternoon snack meant to stave off hunger,

33、finger foods were the common fare. Tiny, dainty sandwiches, scones and pastries were served with afternoon tea. Finger foods afforded one the opportunity to take a petite bite and easily maintain a conversation. This is most important, as one is not merely taking tea to gain nourishment or satisfy h

34、unger, but to take time to relax, converse and enjoy the company of dear friends. In England, the traditional time for tea was four oclock or five oclock in the afternoon and no one stayed after seven oclock.（331words）Helper:Portuguese p:tjugi:z葡萄牙 princess公主 Catherine凯瑟琳 dowry嫁妆dauricredit荣誉 duches

35、s公爵夫人 agreeable惬意的 exhausted筋疲力尽的stave off 避开 fare食物 dainty美味，佳肴 scone烤饼pastrypeistri酥皮糕点 petite小的, 次要的 maintain维持、继续 merely仅仅、不过 nourishment nrimnt滋养品，营养品 Exercises:从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。1. _ was the first to bring in tea in England?A. King Charles II of England B. the Portuguese princess Catherin

36、eC. a Frenchman D. Anna Russell2. High tea means _. A. afternoon tea B. supper C. it is served with dinner foods D. it is served at a high dining table3. About tea, the false statement is _. Ait is also called low tea B. it is served at a low tableC. no food is served D. it is a good time for you to

37、 meet your friends4. In England, the traditional time for tea was _. A. 3 p.m. or 4 p.m. B. 4 p.m. or 5 p.m. C. 5 p.m. or 6 p.m. D. 6 p.m. or 7 p.m.5. The passage mainly tells us _. A. how tea was brought into England B. what important role tea plays in England C. a brief introduction about afternoo

38、n tea in England D. the difference between high tea and low teaBrief Introduction:1662年，英格兰国王查理二世迎娶了葡萄牙布拉干萨王朝的凯瑟琳公主。公主随嫁妆带来了一小箱茶叶。当上了皇后的凯瑟琳开始在宫廷中以茶待客。尽管在17世纪的法国就有“五时茶”的说法，但“下午茶”的发明还是要归功于贝德福德公爵夫人安娜拉塞尔。人们常常会把“茶点”和“下午茶”搞混，其实茶点通常相当于晚餐。下午茶又称low tea，这样叫是因为它是放在一张矮桌上享用的。由于这不是一顿饭，而更像是一顿傍晚时分为避免饥饿而食用的小吃，因此摆放的食

39、物通常都是可以用手拿着吃的。美味的小块三明治、烤饼和酥皮糕点通常都是享用下午茶时的小吃。这些便于手拿的食物可以让人们一边小口品尝一边还能轻松地进行交谈这是最为重要的一点因为人们不只是为了补充营养或充饥而喝茶，而是要借此机会放松自己，聊聊天和享受好友陪伴的乐趣。在英国，传统的喝茶时间是在下午四五点钟，而且下午茶都会在七点以前结束。 Keys and Explanations: 1-5 BDCBC1. 选B。从第一段可知是葡萄牙布拉干萨王朝的凯瑟琳公主随嫁妆带来了一小箱茶叶。2. D。考查high tea的真正含义。第三段第一句可知afternoon tea是易与high tea相混淆的不同概念；B、C虽是事实但不是含义的解释，本段最后一句解释了该名词。3. 选C。从最后一段的Tiny, dainty sandwiches, scones and pastries were served with afternoon tea.可知C是错误讲法。4. 选B。从文章最后一段可知。5. 选C。其它各项只是afternoon tea的一个方面