专题 23 阅读理解之细节理解题-2024年新高考英语一轮复习练小题刷大题提能力（解析版）.docx

1、专题 23 阅读理解（细节理解题） 刷大题、提能力1.（2023江苏高三扬州中学模拟测试）Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are compounds(化合物;复合物) that are set to solve some tough challenges: producing water in the desert, removing greenhouse gases from the air and storing dangerous gases more safely.The Arizona desert is really dry. Anyone stuc

2、k in it without water would die from dehydration (脱水) within three days, unless he had one of Omar Yaghis next-generation water harvesters, who is a chemist at the University of California, Berkeley. Although daytime wetness is only about 10 percent, this rises to 40 percent at night, which means th

3、eres enough water in the atmosphere to support life - if it can be transformed into liquid form.Thats exactly what Yaghis invention does. Its about the size of a small microwave oven, designed to suck the water from the air at night and turn it into drinking water the next day using only the heat of

4、 the sun as its power source. What makes it work is a special material called a MOF, which at normal temperatures attracts water molecules (分子) onto the surface of its internal small holes. Warm it up and get the water, each harvest producing one-third of a cup of pure drinking water. A device the s

5、ize of a washing machine could produce enough water for the basic needs of a household, says Yaghi.These crystalline (结晶的) groups of metals linked by organic molecules can be made into materials with an extremely high absorption ability, attracting specific molecules to their surfaces. In this way,

6、MOFscling toa variety of liquids and gases.MOFs work thanks to their distinctive structure. In fact, one MOF the size of a sugar cube has so many small holes that they would cover an area as large as six football fields. MOFs are also extremely stable, light and have many different uses: their molec

7、ular structure can be varied to attract specific molecules. Adding a small amount of heat or pressure causes the MOF to give what its holding. More than 70,000 different MOFs have been produced to date for various applications.1Why is the Arizona desert mentioned in the second paragraph?ATo introduc

8、e water harvesters.BTo stress the importance of water.CTo show the severity of its condition.DTo express the urgent need for water there.2What plays a vital role in water harvesters?ASolar energy.BWater molecules.CMetal-organic frameworks.DMOFs internal small holes.3Which can explain the phrase clin

9、g to underlined in paragraph 4?AGive off.BTum into.CHold onto.DBreak down.4What will probably be covered in the following paragraphs?AThe future of the MOF technology.BOther uses of the MOF technology.CThe improvement to the MOF technology.DPossible limitations of the MOF technology.【答案】1A 2C 3C 4B【

10、分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了金属有机骨架(MOFs)的用途，结构和性能。1推理判断题。由第二段“The Arizona desert is really dry. Anyone stuck in it without water would die from dehydration（脱水）within three days. Unless, that is, they had one of Omar Yaghis next-generation water harvesters.”可知，亚利桑那沙漠非常干燥。任何没有水的人都会在三天内死于脱水。除非他们有奥马尔亚吉的下一代水收集器，所以奥马

11、尔亚吉的下一代水收集器可以解决沙漠中缺水的问题。故判断出第二段提到亚利桑那沙漠是为了介绍水收集器。故选A。2.细节理解题。由第三段“What makes it work is a special material called a metal-organic framework (MOF).”可知，使它工作的是一种称为有机框架(MOF)的特殊的材料，所以金属有机框架在水收集器中起着至关重要的作用。故选C。3词句猜测题。由第四段“These crystalline cluster（结晶群）of metals, such as aluminum or magnesium, linked by or

12、ganic molecules can be made into materials with an extremely high absorption ability, attracting specific molecules to their surface. In this way, MOFs cling to a variety of liquids and gases.”可知，这些由有机分子连接的金属结晶群，例如铝或镁，可制成具有极高吸收能力的材料，将特定分子吸到其表面。可知划线词所在的句子意思是MOF就是通过这种方式紧紧吸附各种液体和气体。第四段中划线词cling to意思是ho

13、ld onto“紧紧抓住”的意思。故选C。4推理判断题。由最后一段“More than 70,000 different MOFs have been produced to date for various applications.”可知迄今为止，已有七万多种不同的MOF被生产用于各类实际应用中，所以我们通过短文最后一段的内容可以判断出，接下来的段落可能会涉及MOF科技的其它用途。故选B。2.（2023江苏扬州高三扬州中学期末）Once a circle missed a wedge (楔子). The circle wanted to be whole, so it went aroun

14、d looking for its missing piece. But because it was incomplete and therefore could roll only very slowly, it admired the flowers along the way. It chatted with worms. It enjoyed the sunshine. Finally it found a piece that fit perfectly. It was so happy. Now that it was a perfect circle, it could rol

15、l very fast, too fast to notice flowers or talk to the worms. When it realized how different the world seemed when it rolled so quickly, it stopped, left its found piece by the side of the road and rolled slowly away.In some strange sense we are more whole when we are missing something. The man who

16、has everything is in some ways a poor man. He will never know what it feels like to yearn, to hope, to nourish(滋润) his soul with the dream of something better. He will never know the experience of having someone who loves him give him something he has always wanted or never had.There is wholeness ab

17、out the person who has come to terms with his limitations, who has been brave enough to let go of his unrealistic dreams and does not feel like a failure for doing so. There is wholeness about the man or woman who has learned that he or she is strong enough to go through a tragedy(悲剧) and survive he

18、 or she can lose someone and still feel like a complete person.Life is more like a baseball season, when even the best team loses one third of its games and even the worst team has its days of brilliance. Our goal is to win more games than we lose. When we accept that imperfection is part of being h

19、uman, and when we can continue rolling through life and appreciate it, we will have achieved wholeness that others can only long for.5Which may be an example of being whole?AA person has everything.BA person accepts his or her limitations.CA person loves someone and is loved.DA person feels blue for

20、 dropping unrealistic goals.6How is a baseball season similar to life?AEasy come, easy go.BFailure is the mother of success.CEnergy and persistence conquer all things.DSome battles you win and some battles you lose.7How does the author clarify his idea?AMainly by comparing.BMainly by reasoning.CMain

21、ly by informing.DMainly by arguing.8What can be the best title for the passage?APursue perfection in lifeBBe whole in lifeCLife without mistakes is wholeDNo pains, no gains【答案】5B 6D 7A 8B【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章以一个小故事引出话题人生不在于完美, 而在于完整。5细节理解题。根据第三段There is wholeness about the person who has come to terms

22、 with his limitations, who has been brave enough to let go of his unrealistic dreams and does not feel like a failure for doing so.（人生的完整性在于一个人知道如何面对他的缺陷，如何勇敢地摒弃那些不现实的幻想而又不以此为缺憾）可知一个人接受他或她的缺陷，可能是“完整”的例子。故选B。6推理判断题。根据最后一段Life is more like a baseball season, when even the best team loses one third of

23、its games and even the worst team has its days of brilliance. Our goal is to win more games than we lose. （人生更像是一个棒球赛季，即使最好的球队也会输掉三分之一的比赛，而最差的球队也有春风得意的时候。我们的目标是赢的比赛比输的多）可知棒球赛季和生活的相似之处在于你有输有赢。故选D。7推理判断题。第二段内容(人生“完美”的人)和第三段内容(人生完整的人)作对比; 最后一段又拿baseball season和life作比较, 因此作者主要是通过作对比和作比较的方法来澄清他的观点的。故选A。8

24、主旨大意题。本文作者通过圆和楔子的小故事感悟出这样的道理:从某种奇怪的意义上讲,当我们失去某些东西的时候,我们反而会更加完整,人生不在于完美而在于完整。因此不管是从故事内容还是从其诠释的人生哲理上，B项“完整的生命”作标题是最佳的。故选B。3.（2023福建省永春第一中学阶段练习）Jeremy from America cannot understand why a lady he met outside the Hyde Park in London said, “Ooh, isnt it cold?”, and he thinks of this behaviour as a distin

25、ctively English concern about the weather. In fact, the female was just trying to strike up a conversation with Jeremy. Not necessarily a long conversation just an exchange of greetings. It is not always quite that obvious, but all English weather conversations have a distinctive structure conducted

26、 according to unwritten but accepted rules.The unpredictable nature of our weather ensures that there is always something new to comment on, or perhaps most importantly, agree about. We have already established that weather-speak greetings like “Cold, isnt it?” require the response expressing agreem

27、ent, as in “Yes, isnt it?” .It would be very rude to respond with “No, actually its quite mild.” or “Its pretty hot to me.” If you deliberately break the rule, you will find that the atmosphere becomes rather tense and awkward. There may be an uncomfortable silence. Most likely, they will either cha

28、nge the subject or continue talking about the weather among themselves politely, if coldly, ignoring your faux pas.There is, however, one situation in which English weather-speakers are not required to observe the agreement rule at all and that is the male-bonding argument, particularly the pub-argu

29、ment. In the special environment of the pub, constant disagreement not just on the weather, but on everything else as well is a means of expressing friendship.While we may spend much of our time complaining about our weather, foreigners are not allowed to criticize it. Indeed, this brings us to the

30、weather as family rule. In this respect, we treat the English weather like a member of our family: one can complain about the behavior of ones own children or parents, but any blame from an outsider is unacceptable. The weather may be one of the few things about which the English are still unconscio

31、usly and unashamedly patriotic （爱国的）.9Why did the lady comment on the weather to Jeremy?ATo build up friendship.BTo begin a casual chat.CTo send seasonal greetings.DTo express dissatisfaction.10What does the underlined phrase “faux pas” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?AImproper response.BCareless attit

32、ude.CRude interruption.DFrequent complaint.11What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?AMale bonding in pubs.BArgument about weather.CException to the agreement rule.DMaking friends by disagreement.12What is the best title for this text?APoliteness Tips for ForeignersBAccepted Rules in Social LifeCEnglish Po

33、liteness in Weather ConversationDHidden Rules of English Weather Conversation【答案】9B 10A 11C 12D【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述英国人在谈论天气时是按照未成文但被人们普遍接受的规则进行的，谈论天气是英国人一种独有的情怀。9细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In fact, the female was just trying to strike up a conversation with Jeremy. Not necessarily a long conversation just an exchange

34、 of greetings.”可知，实际上这名女性只是想与Jeremy搭一下话。不必是长时间的对话，只是互相问好。因此这位女士对Jeremy评论天气是为了开始一个随便的聊天。故选B。10短语猜测题。根据第二段中的“The unpredictable nature of our weather ensures that there is always something new to comment on, or perhaps most importantly, agree about.”可知，我们天气的不可预测性确保我们始终有新的东西可以评论，或者说最重要的是要达成对天气的共识。由此可知，人

35、们在谈论天气时，双方往往会有一致的看法。由“If you deliberately break the rule, you will find that the atmosphere becomes rather tense and awkward. There may be an uncomfortable silence.”可知，如果你故意违反规则，你会发现气氛变得非常紧张和尴尬。可能会有不舒服的沉默。因此说话双方就要做出选择，即下文的“他们很可能会改变话题，或者继续礼貌地谈论天气”。如果对话氛围不好的话，他们自然会忽略你的回应。因此，这说明你的回应是不合适的，即违背了人们默认的规则。即划

36、线短语意为“不当的回应”。 故选A。11段落大意题。根据第三段中的“There is, however, one situation in which English weather-speakers are not required to observe the agreement rule at all and that is the male-bonding argument, particularly the pub-argument. In the special environment of the pub, constant disagreement not just on th

37、e weather, but on everything else as well is a means of expressing friendship.”可知，有一种情况下，英国谈论天气的人不需要遵守规则，这是发生在男人小圈子里的，尤其是在酒吧。在酒吧的特殊环境中，天气上的不断的分歧和在其他所有方面的分歧都是表达友谊的一种手段。即第3段主要讲的是遵守天气对话规则的例外。故选C。12标题判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段的“all English weather conversations have a distinctive structure conducted according to un

38、written but accepted rules.”可知，所有关于天气的对话都是按照未成文但被人们普遍接受的规则进行的。文章接下来具体地对该规则进行了解释，因此本文的最佳标题是“英国人天气对话的潜规则”。故选D。4.（2023河南郑州外国语学校高三期末）Occupational Licenses with the Biggest Bang for BuckSome 1.8 million American were laid off or discharged from their jobs each month on average in 2019, according to data

39、from the U. S. Bureau of Labor statistics. People who lose their jobs often confront a difficult choice: should they take a new job that pays less, or should they make a costly investment in gaining new skills so that they can compete for another similar job or an even better one?If they do decide o

40、n retraining ,which programs and occupational licenses are worth their while? In general, the highest-paying jobs tend to have the most difficult education/ training and experience requirements. But that is not always the case. The following are five occupational licenses with the biggest bang for y

41、our buck. Drone Pilots: If you want to become a drone pilot, all you need to do is be above 16 years old, pass the Federal Aviation Administrations Remote Pilot Certificate exam (which requires about 15 to 20 hours of studying), and pay a $ 150 licensing fee. Pay for drone pilots averages $ 56,426 p

42、er year, and jobs are growing rapidly across a range of industries. For example, companies like UPS are making substantial investments in drone delivery and will need to hire thousands of drone pilots in the coming years. Home Inspectors: If you need a job that makes about $ 60K per year, you might

43、want to consider becoming a Home Inspector. Both Home Inspectors and HVAC Contractors earn about $ 61K per year, on average, but getting a state HVAC Contractor license typically requires about 4,000 hours of training and experience (those systems are becoming even more complex), whereas a Home Insp

44、ector license only requires 360 hours of training and experience, and much of the training can be gained free of charge on the job. Massage Therapists: On average, Manicurists/Pedicurists are required to complete more hours of training than Massage Therapists (700 hours versus 500 hours), but Massag

45、e Therapists earn almost twice as much, on average ($54,639 versus $ 32,509). Radiologic Technologists: Licensing requirements for cosmetologists（美容师）have become so onerous that candidates now need 2,700 hours of training and experience on average. Thats not much less than the requirement for becomi

46、ng a Radiologic or MRI Technologist (3,300 hours), a job which is growing considerably faster than average, is more recession - proof, and pays twice as much ($ 56,162 versus $ 28,608). Dental Hygienists: Among jobs that require a two-year associates degree granted by a college or university, some p

47、ay substantially more than others. The average state licensing fee for becoming a Dental Hygienist is a hefty $ 1,600, but the pay bump youll receive will likely make up for it ten times over in the first year.13The underlined expression the biggest bang for your buck in Paragraph 2 probably means _

48、.Athe job loss for your hesitation to investBa good income resulting from your skillsCa good return for the money you have spentDthe great efforts youd make to change your life.14Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?AAmong the drone operators, those who work for deliver

49、y services can earn the most.BCompared to a home inspector, being an HVAC Contractor is more cost-effective.CAs an MRI technologist, youd be less likely to be jobless during an economic crisis.DHigher education isnt a compulsory requirement if you want to be a dental hygienist.15Which of the followi

50、ng matching for the chart is correct according to the passage?A Radiologic Technologist; Cosmetologist; General ContractorB Drone Pilot; General Contractor; Dental HygienistsC Message Therapist; Radiologic Technologist; CosmetologistD Drone Piolt; Cosmetologist; Radiologic Technologist【答案】13C 14C 15

51、D【分析】这是一篇说明文。讲述了五种含金量最高的职业执照。13词义猜测题。结合下文对五种职业的介绍得知，五种职业执照的获得都需要花费一定的学习和费用，但获得执照后得到的工作的薪资是无比诱人的。据此可知，黑体字表达的意思为花的钱少，但回报多。选项C充分表达了这个含义。故选C。14细节理解题。根据Drone Pilots段落的内容介绍，文章提到了无人机操作员的薪水，并未对做与此工作相关的职业进行比较。选项A.：在无人机操作员中，那些从事送货服务的人可以赚到最多的钱。在文中并未提及。结合Home Inspectors段落，根据Both Home Inspectors and HVAC Contrac

52、tors earn about $ 61K per year, on average, but getting a state HVAC Contractor license typically requires about 4,000 hours of training and experience (those systems are becoming even more complex), whereas a Home Inspector license only requires 360 hours of training and experience, and much of the

53、 training can be gained free of charge on the job. 房屋检查员和HVAC 承包商平均每年赚61000美元，但获得州HVAC承包商执照通常需要4000小时的培训和经验(这些系统正变得更加复杂) ，而房屋检查员执照只需要360小时的培训和经验，大部分培训可以在工作中免费获得。可知做房屋检查员比做暖通空调承包商更划算。选项B：和房屋检查员相比，做暖通空调承包商更划算。和文意不符。结合Radiologic Technologists段落，根据Thats not much less than the requirement for becoming a

54、Radiologic or MRI Technologist (3,300 hours), a job which is growing considerably faster than average, is more recession - proof, and pays twice as much ($ 56,162 versus $ 28,608). 这并不比成为一名放射科或核磁共振技师(3300小时)的要求低多少，（核磁共振技师）这份工作的增长速度远远超过平均水平，更能抵御经济衰退的影响，而且报酬是平均水平的两倍(56162美元对28608美元)。可知，成为了核磁技术专家，能抵御经济

55、衰退的影响。换句话说，核磁技术专家不太可能失业。选项C：作为核磁共振技术专家，在经济危机期间，你不太可能失业。与文章意义相符。结合Dental Hygienists的介绍：Among jobs that require a two-year associates degree granted by a college or university, some pay substantially more than others. The average state licensing fee for becoming a Dental Hygienist is a hefty $ 1,600,

56、but the pay bump youll receive will likely make up for it ten times over in the first year. 在那些需要学院或大学授予的两年制大专文凭的工作中，有些工作的薪水要比其他工作高得多。 成为牙结石清除专家术的平均费用是1600美元，但是第一年你会得到10倍的加薪。可知，成为牙结石清除专家，大学教育是必须的，会让你的薪水加薪。选项D：如果你想成为一名牙结石清除专家，高等教育不是必修课。和文章意义不符。据此，可知选项C符合题意。故选C。15细节理解题。结合第三段If you want to become a dro

57、ne pilot, all you need to do is be above 16 years old, pass the Federal Aviation Administrations Remote Pilot Certificate exam (which requires about 15 to 20 hours of studying), and pay a $ 150 licensing fee. Pay for drone pilots averages $ 56,426 per year,如果你想成为一名无人机飞行员，你只需要年满16岁，通过联邦航空管理局的远程飞行员证书考

58、试(需要15至20小时的学习) ，并支付150美元的执照费。无人机驾驶员的年薪平均为56426美元。可知，成为无人机飞行员，需要花费150美元的执照费，15至20小时的学习，无人机驾驶员的年薪平均为56426美元,；结合第六段Licensing requirements for cosmetologists（美容师）have become so onerous that candidates now need 2,700 hours of training and experience on average. Thats not much less than the requirement f

59、or becoming a Radiologic or MRI Technologist (3,300 hours), a job which is growing considerably faster than average, is more recession - proof, and pays twice as much ($ 56,162 versus $ 28,608).美容师的执照要求变得如此艰巨，以至于现在的申请者平均需要2700小时的培训和经验。这并不比成为一名放射科或核磁共振技师(3300小时)的要求低多少，）（核磁共振技师）这份工作的增长速度远远超过平均水平，更能抵御经

60、济衰退的影响，而且报酬是平均水平的两倍(56162美元对美元)。可知道美容师的学时要求需要2700小时的培训和经验；薪水为28608美元；核磁共振技师需要3300小时的学习和培训，薪水为56162美元；据此，结合图像可知，为无人机驾驶员，为美容师，为核磁共振技师。选项D符合题意。故选D。5.（2023黑龙江大庆高三铁人中学校考期末）Technology is supposed to make our lives easier, allowing us to do things more quickly and efficiently. But too often it seems to mak

61、e things harder. This increase in complexity, often called feature creep, costs consumers time, but it also costs business money. Product returns in the U.S. cost a hundred billion dollars a year, and a recent study by Elke den Ouden, of Philips Electronics, found that at least half of returned prod

62、ucts have nothing wrong with them. Consumers just couldnt figure out how to use them. Companies now know a great deal about problems of usability and consumer behavior, so why is it that feature creep proves unstoppable?In part, fieature creep is the product of the so-called internal-audience proble

63、m: the people who design and sell product are not the ones who buy and use them, and what engineers and marketers think is important is not necessarily whats best for consumers. The engineers tend not to notice when more options make a product less usable. And marketing and sales departments see eac

64、h additional feature as a new selling point, and a new way to attract customers.You might think, then, that companies could avoid fieature creep by just paying attention to what customers really want. But thats where the trouble begins, because although consumers find overloaded gadgets（ 配件）unmanage

65、able, they also find them attractive. It turns out that when we look at a new product in a store we tend to think that the more features there are, the better. It is only once we get the product home and try to use it that we realize the virtues of simplicity.It seems strange that we dont expect fea

66、ture tiredness and thus avoid it. But, as numerous studies have shown, people are not, in general, good at predicting what will make them happy in the future. As a result, we will pay more for more features because we systematically overestimate how often well use them. We also overestimate our abil

67、ity to figure out how a complicated product works.The fact that buyers want bells and whistles but users want something clear and simple creates an unusual problem for companies. A product that doesnt have enough features may fail to catch our eye in the store. But a product with too many features i

68、s likely to annoy consumers.16What does the first paragraph mainly discuss?AThe benefits brought by the advanced technology.BThe recent study conducted by Elke den Ouden.CThe loss caused by the feature creep of technology.DMany problems of usability known by the consumers.17Which of the following is

69、 true according to the second paragraph?AIt is the audience problem that leads to feature creep.BWhat matters to designers and marketers is not good for consumers.CFeature creep brings blessings to the people in marketing and sales.DThe engineers will not pay attention to the quality of the product1

70、8What do we know about the buyers in paragraph 4?AThey are deeply convinced that all the products work in simple way.BThey are fed up with the more and more features of the products.CThey are too confident of their ability to use the complicated products.DThey are quite clear about the products whic

71、h will make them happy.19What can be a suitable title for the text?ASaying No to Feature Creep is No Easy ThingBFeature-heavy Products in DemandCThe More Features, the BetterDSimplicity Outweighs Complexity【答案】16C 17C 18C 19A【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科技的“功能蔓延”是不可阻挡的，拒绝“功能蔓延”不是一件容易的事情。16主旨大意题。根据第一段内容，特别是“This

72、increase in complexity, often called feature creep, costs consumers time, but it also costs business money.”可知，“功能蔓延”不但消耗消费者的时间，而且还消耗企业的资金，由此可知，本段主要讲的是技术的“功能蔓延”造成的损失，故C项正确。17细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And marketing and sales departments see each additional feature as a new selling point, and a new way to attract

73、 customers.”可知，营销和销售人员把它看作一个新的卖点，一个吸引顾客的新方法，由此可知，“功能蔓延”给营销和销售人员带来福音，故C项正确。18细节理解题。根据第四段中的“We also overestimate our ability to figure out how a complicated product works.”可知，购买者高估了自己理解复杂产品工作原理的能力，也就是说他们对自己使用复杂产品的能力过于自信，故C项正确。19主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“so why is it that feature creep proves unstoppable?”

74、可知，本文从设计者和消费者的角度介绍了科技的“功能蔓延”是不可阻挡的，拒绝“功能蔓延”不是一件容易的事情，故A项正确。6.（2023黑龙江哈尔滨高三哈师大附中校考期末）Dutch author Marieke Lucas Rijneveld has become one of the youngest writers to be shortlisted （列入候选） for a Booker prize, after their debut novel （处女作）made the final line-up for the International Booker.Rijneveld. a r

75、ising star in Dutch literature, is 28 lightly older than British author Daisy Johnson was when she was shortlisted for the Booker prize in 2018 age 27. The author, who identifies as male and uses the pronouns they/them, was shortlisted after a six-hour virtual (虚拟的) judging meeting for the 50,000 pr

76、ize, which is shared equally between writer and translator, for The Discomfort of Evening, translated by Michele Hutchison. The novel, tells of a girl whose brother dies in a skating accident and draws from Rijnevelds own experiences: when they were three, their 12-year-old brother was knocked over

77、and killed by a bus.“Rijnevelds language renders (重现) the world again, revealing the shocks and violence of early youth through the angle of a Dutch dairy farm. The strangeness of a child looking at the strangeness of the world is in it,” said judges of the work.“The Discomfort of Evening is one of

78、six novels in the running for the International Booker, each of which,” said chair of judges Ted Hodgkinson, “restlessly reinvents （重 塑）received narratives, from foundational myths to family folklore, plunging us into discomfiting and delightful encounters with selves in a state of transition (过渡)”.

79、Hodgkinson chaired a panel （专家组）of five judges who selected the shortlist from 124 submissions. The coronavirus pandemic meant their meeting had to be virtual, but Hodgkinson said he and his panel still managed to discuss the line-up for more than six hours.The winner will be announced on 19 May.20W

80、e can learn from the 2nd paragraph that_.ARijneveld is a young male writer.BRijneveld and the translator Michele Hutchison will share the $50,000 prize.CDaisy Johnson was the youngest writer shortlisted for a Booker prize this year.DThe Discomfort of Evening is partly adapted from Rijnevelds own exp

81、eriences.21Which can we infer from the passage?ARijnevelds brother died from a skating accident.BThe judges of the work speak highly of Rijnevelds language.CSix novels reveal the shocks and violence of early youth on a Dutch dairy farm.DHodgkinson and his panel were unhappy to discuss the line-up on

82、line for over six hours.22Why did the panel have a virtual judging meeting?ABecause of the coronavirus pandemic.BBecause there were too many submissions.CBecause it was more effective online.DBecause the judges lives too far away from each other.23What is the most suitable title of the passage?ABook

83、er prize winner will be announcedBRijneveld, one of the most youngest Booker winnerCInternational Booker prize shortlist led by 28-year-olds debutDThe Discomfort of Evening a novel running for the International Booker【答案】20D 21B 22A 23C【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一部由作者改编自身经历的处女作领跑国际布克奖入围没那个单。评审团对这部小说给予高度评价。20细

84、节理解题。由第二段“The novel, tells of a girl whose brother dies in a skating accident and draws from Rijnevelds own experiences: when they were three, their 12-year-old brother was knocked over and killed by a bus.”可知，小说讲述了一个女孩的弟弟在一次滑冰事故中丧生的故事，取材于Rijneveld自己的经历:在他们三岁的时候，他们12岁的弟弟被一辆公共汽车撞倒并丧生。可见，这部小说改编于作者本身的经

85、历。故选D项。21细节理解题。由第三段“Rijnevelds language renders (重现) the world again, revealing the shocks and violence of early youth through the angle of a Dutch dairy farm. ”可知，Rijneveld的语言再次呈现了这个世界，从一个荷兰奶牛场的角度揭示了早期青少年的震惊和暴力。评委说Rijneveld的语言再次呈现了世界，可见评委对这部小说的语言是高度赞扬的。故选B项。22细节理解题。由最后一段“The coronavirus pandemic me

86、ant their meeting had to be virtual, but Hodgkinson said he and his panel still managed to discuss the line-up for more than six hours.”可知，冠状病毒大流行意味着他们的会议必须是虚拟的，但霍奇金森说，他和他的评审小组仍然讨论了6个多小时的排名。这里可以直接看出来，评审会因为冠状病毒而不得不进行虚拟会议。故选A项。23主旨大意题。由第一段“Dutch author Marieke Lucas Rijneveld has become one of the you

87、ngest writers to be shortlisted （列入候选） for a Booker prize, after their debut novel （处女作）made the final line-up for the International Booker.”可知，荷兰作家Marieke Lucas Rijneveld成为入围布克奖的最年轻作家之一，此前他们的处女作进入了国际布克奖的决赛名单。结合全文，这篇文章不仅仅介绍了作者，也介绍了他们的获奖的这部处女作。故选C项。7.（2023浙江德清县高级中学校考模拟预测）The urgency and importance of

88、 Covid-19 over (he past year have driven almost everything else from most leaders5 minds. But since the vaccine is kicking in, Britains government is once again beginning to think about the things that will matter later. Next week, it is expected to publish a plan for growth“ to boost productivity,

89、with innovation at its centre.The world may be on the point of a technological boom with life sciences, at which Britain excels. Innovation is crucial to productivity, but on this front Britains performance has lagged behind its competitors in recent years. Its low spending on Research and Developme

90、nt (R&D) argues for a boost. Those who attributed the financial failure in the 1970s to the insufficiency of research funds may regard this as a threat to economic growth. Promoting innovation can quickly (um into an exercise in picking winners - or, as is more often the case, losers.A second da

91、nger is that policy agendas get mixed up. The government has promised to level up” poorer areas of the country, so deprived towns are campaigning for more money for their universities. But trying to boost innovation by sending money to weak institutions is likely to make our leading universities los

92、e their advantages, thus producing average ideas that could have been remarkable. Britains research-funding system has always been elitist(精英主义的). It should stay that way.The governments first move in boosting innovation was the announcement of a plan for an Advanced Research and Invention Agency (A

93、RIA). ARlAs purpose is to fund high-risk, high-reward research. But money is not all that mailers. The successful translation of life science research into treatments during the pandemic suggests some inexpensive measures that can also make a difference.One is to speed up governmental processes. The

94、 rapidity with which Britains medical regulator moved during the pandemic is one reason why the vaccine rollout is racing through the population. Urgency is not unique lo pandemics. Getting things done quickly can make an investment worthwhile and determine where a businessman chooses as a base.Anot

95、her useful measure the government should use is its unique ability to overcome barriers. At the beginning of the pandemic. Covid-19 researchers were unable to gain access to different strands of health service data. The government eased restrictions on existing data and allowed researchers to ask pe

96、ople who had tested positive tor Covid-19 to join trials. Both were crucial to the effort.A last principle is the value of connections between the government and the private sector. Kate Bingham, a venture capitalist who led the vaccine-purchase effort, understood how to deal with drug companies. Ma

97、ny of the civil servants working with her had commercial experience. The governments closeness to business during the pandemic has been criticized. But without it, the vaccine effort would not have succeeded.Innovation took human beings from caves to computers. Good education, a welcoming immigratio

98、n policy and a friendly business environment will do most to tend it. But a new sensible principles can help keep the flame burning.24What does the underlined word this in Paragraph 2 refer to?AInvesting insufficient money in innovation.BPromoting innovation in technology.CApplying science results t

99、o practical uses.DDistributing funds to weak institutions.25Whats the possible consequence of the British governments attempt to level up poorer areas?ABritains research-funding system will remain elitist.BWeak institutions are more likely to produce remarkable results.CThe outstanding universities

100、will be unable to exhibit remarkable ideas.DBoth poor and rich areas in the country will develop in a balanced way.26What can be inferred from the three principles put forward by the writer?AA businessman is more willing to set up business where governments show high efficiency.BThe administrative a

101、bilities are so unique to the government that they actually yield little fruit.CThe government ceased the cooperation with private sectors for the criticism they had received.DThe rollout of the vaccine was made possible mainly because the public responded quickly.27Whats the best title of the passa

102、ge?AHow Governments Fuel the Sparks of InnovationBWhy the Brits Struggle in the Tech RaceCHow Governments Benefit from InnovationDWhat People Gain with the Light of Technology【答案】24A 25C 26A 27A【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了英国政府预计并以创新为中心，发布“增长计划”以提高生产力，并着重介绍了创新应该遵守的原则。24词义猜测题。由第二段“Those who attributed the financ

103、ial failure in the 1970s to the insufficiency of research funds may regard this as a threat to economic growth.”（那些将70年代的金融失败归因于研究资金不足的人可能将其视为对经济增长的威胁。）由文中这些人归因于资金不足，可知this指代研究资金不足。故选A项。25细节理解题。由第三段“But trying to boost innovation by sending money to weak institutions is likely to make our leading un

104、iversities lose their advantages, thus producing average ideas that could have been remarkable.”（推行该政策，贫穷的城镇为他们的大学争取更多的资金，但是试图通过向弱势机构捐款来促进创新，这可能会使我们的领先大学失去优势，产出那些本可以卓越的普通想法。）可知，英国政府推行此政策，一些领先大学会失去自身的优势，也就是C项“大学无法展示出卓越的思想”。故选C项。26推理判断题。由文章第五段可知，“One is to speed up governmental processes. The rapidity

105、 with which Britains medical regulator moved during the pandemic is one reason why the vaccine rollout is racing through the population. ”（大流行期间，英国医疗监管机构迅速采取行动，是疫苗快速普及的原因之一。）可知，D项“之所以能够推出这种疫苗，主要是因为公众反应迅速。”故D说法不对。后半句“Getting things done quickly can make an investment worthwhile and determine where a

106、businessman chooses as a base. ”（快速完成工作可以使您值得投资，并确定商人选择作为基地的位置），所以效率高的地方更值得投资。A项“商人更愿意在政府表现出高效率的地方开展业务”。A说法符合题意。由文章倒数第二段“The governments closeness to business during the pandemic has been criticized. But without it, the vaccine effort would not have succeeded.”（ 大流行期间政府与商业的亲密关系受到了批评。但是，如果没有它，疫苗工作将不会

107、成功。政府和商业进行了合作。）可知政府和商业进行了合作，故C不对。低六段“The government eased restrictions on existing data and allowed researchers to ask people who had tested positive tor Covid-19 to join trials. Both were crucial to the effort.”（政府放宽了对现有数据的限制，并允许研究人员参加对Covid-19呈阳性反应的人试验。 两者对于这项工作都是至关重要的。政府的能力在疫情期间是值得肯定的，所以B项“政府的行政能

108、力是如此独特，以至于实际上他们收效甚微。”说法不正确。故选A项。27主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Next week, it is expected to publish a plan for growth“ to boost productivity, with innovation at its centre.”（下周，预计将发布“增长计划”以提高生产力，并以创新为中心。以及下文提到的原则。）可知，还有最后一段Good education, a welcoming immigration policy and a friendly business environment will do mo

109、st to tend it. But a new sensible principles can help keep the flame burning.（良好的教育，热情的移民政策和友善的商业环境将最有助于实现这一目标。但是新的明智原则可以帮助保持火焰燃烧。）可知，全文主要讲创新的原则，应该怎么激发创新，故选A项。8.（2023浙江模拟预测）Russ Fee was asleep inside his tent last summer in Canadas Banff National Park when a series of screams shocked him awake. Thro

110、wing on his shoes and grabbing a lantern his wife had handed him, he ran out to investigate. Despite the darkness, he could make out a neighboring tent. Backing out was a wolf, dragging something in his teetha man.Moments earlier, Elisa and Matt, were asleep with their two young children when the wo

111、lf tore into their tent. It was like something out of a horror movie, Elisa recalled. For three minutes, Matt threw his body in front of Elisa and the boys and fought against the wolf. At one point, Matt got the upper hand, but the wolf turned the tables and dragged Matt outside while Elisa was pull

112、ing on his legs trying to get him back.It was then that Russ Fee entered the picture. He ran at the beast, kicking it in the hip. The wolf dropped Matt and emerged from the tent. Fee felt like he had hit someone that was way out of his weight class.Before the wolf could turn its anger on Fee, Matt,

113、his arms bloodied, restarted the battle. The men threw at the wolf with rocks, forcing it back. Then the families fled to the shelter of the Fees, minivan and called an ambulance.Attacks are so rare that a person here has a greater chance of being killed by a dog, lightning, a bee sting, or a car co

114、llision with a deer than being injured by a wolf said Matt.Fee did think about drawing back, ifless heroic, during the heat of battle. The moment the wolf locked eyes with him, Fee said, I immediately regretted kicking it.28What were the two families doing in the park?AThey were making a horror movi

115、e.BThey were camping in the wild.CThey were studying wolves.DThey were investigating the park.29How did Matt escape from the wolf?ABy Fees kicking the wolf from behind.BBy turning the table on the wolf.CBy placing his hand tightly on the wolf.DBy his wifes pulling his legs.30What can be inferred fro

116、m Paragraph 5?AMany deer are killed by vehicles.BDogs are peoples friends in need.CWolves seldom attack people there.DPeople are often attacked by wolves.31Which word can best describe Fee in the story?ABrave.BResponsible.CIndifferent.DClever.【答案】28B 29A 30C 31A【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了在加拿大班夫国家公园的野外露营的罗斯费狼口救

117、人的故事。28细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Russ Fee was asleep inside his tent last summer in Canadas Banff National Park”及“a neighboring tent”可知，事发时，这两个家庭都在加拿大班夫国家公园的野外露营，故B项正确。29细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He ran at the beast, kicking it in the hip. The wolf dropped Matt and emerged from the tent.”可知，费朝那条狼跑去，猛踢它的屁股，狼丢下了马特，马特因而得救，故A项

118、正确。30推理判断题。根据第五段“Attacks are so rare that a person here has a greater chance of being killed by a dog, lightning, a bee sting, or a car collision with a deer than being injured by a wolf said Matt.”可知，马特说：“在这里，狼袭击人的事件非常罕见，被狗、闪电、蜜蜂蜇伤或开车与鹿相撞的几率比被狼咬伤的几率大得多”，由此可知，在那里，狼很少袭击人，故C项正确。31推理判断题。根据文章的讲述，特别是根据第三

119、段中的“He ran at the beast, kicking it in the hip.”可知，看到狼袭击人后，费立即朝那条狼跑去，猛踢它的屁股救人，这表明费很勇敢，故A项正确。9.（2023山东青岛高三青岛二中校考期末）“Hungary?” I looked at my school headmaster in confusion. “I never mentioned wanting to go to Hungary.” And with that, my adventure started.My name is Jonathan Diamond and I just finishe

120、d an amazing exchange year in Hungary.Going on an exchange had always been my dream. When my high school offered an all-year program，I jumped at the opportunity. It would pay for almost everything and all I had to do was get a plane ticket. I knew where I wanted to go: Spain, the country of dancers

121、wearing flowing red dresses. So when I heard that I was going to Hungary, I was pretty shocked. But I decided to make the best of it, since it was，after all, a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. Before I knew it, I was on the airplane, leaving for Budapest International Airport, Hungary.I had times whe

122、n I almost gave up. Hungarian is the hardest language on the planet. Cultural differences occasionally embarrassed both my peer teens and me. I had to give up eating carrots, my beautiful favorite, for they think carrots are rubbish in their country. The change in the landscape was amazing, looking

123、nothing like skyscrapers, bullet trains, cars，and people in tiny houses that I had been accustomed to. Gradually, I fell in love with the relaxing lifestyle, the warm-hearted people, and getting home at 2：30 p. m. at the latest from school. And I was sad to leave on my very last day.Having the host

124、family who took me as one of their own members was the best thing I have ever experienced. From my little sisters, I learned how to embrace life to its fullest. From my brothers I learned that its OK for a boy to run around the house. From my host parents I learned to stay positive, to smile, and th

125、at when you pick the right persons and take their hands, suddenly, you become friends.32How did Jonathan feel when he was told to go to Hungary?AExcited and satisfied.BConfused and shocked.CAmazed and embarrassed.DDelighted and interested.33Why did Jonathan still decide to go to Hungary instead of S

126、pain?AHe didnt like Spain.BHe wanted to learn Hungarian.CIt was a rare chance.DGoing to Hungary was much cheaper.34What can we learn about Jonathan during his stay in Hungary?AHe fell in love with eating carrots.BHe couldnt wait to leave.CHe was surprised by the landscape.DHe quickly got used to the

127、 life there.35According to Jonathan, the host family_.Achanged him completelyBtaught him how to dance wellCtreated him as equally as a studentDshowed him the good things of life【答案】32B 33C 34C 35D【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文写了作者去匈牙利的经历，在匈牙利的所见所闻和所感。32细节理解题。根据第一段中I looked at my school headmaster in confusionI neve

128、r mentioned wanting to go to Hungary，（我困惑地看着我的校长，我从来没有提到要去匈牙利）以及根据第三段中So when I heard that I was going to Hungary, I was pretty shocked.（所以当我听说我要去匈牙利的时候，我非常震惊）可知，当Jonathan被告知要去匈牙利时，他是困惑和惊讶的。故选B。33细节理解题。根据第三段中But I decided to make the best of it, since it was，after all, a once-in-a-lifetime opportuni

129、ty.（但我决定充分利用这次机会，毕竟这是千载难逢的机会）可知，Jonathan决定去匈牙利而不是西班牙，因为去匈牙利是一个难得的机会。故选C。34细节理解题。根据第四段中The change in the landscape was amazing, looking nothing like skyscrapers, bullet trains, cars，and people in tiny houses that I had been accustomed to.（景色的变化是惊人的，一点也不像摩天大楼、子弹头列车、汽车和我已经习惯的小房子里的人们）可知，Jonathan被眼前的景色惊呆

130、了。故选C。35细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句Having the host family who took me as one of their own members was the best thing I have ever experienced.（寄宿家庭把我当作他们的一员是我所经历过的最好的事情）可知，据Jonathan的说法，寄宿家庭向他展示了生活中的美好事物。故选D。【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所

131、需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。（2）语言转述型。（3）语意理解型。（4）是非辨别型。（5）事实排序型。如第一小题，属于一一对应型，根据第一段中I looked at my school headmaster in confusionI never mentioned wanting to go to Hungary，（我困惑地看着我的校长，我从来没有提到要去匈牙利）以及根据第三段中So when I heard that I was going to Hungary, I was pretty shocked.（所以当我听说我要去匈牙利

132、的时候，我非常震惊）可知。当Jonathan被告知要去匈牙利时，他是困惑和惊讶的。故选B。10. （2023山东青岛高三青岛二中校考期末）Look at the following timetable and answer questions.Time TableLv.(Leave) BostonAr.(Arrive) MidwayAr. New York5:00 AM Ex.(Except) Sun.7:10 AM Daily9:10 AM Ex. Sat. & Sun.10:00 AM Ex. Hol.(Holiday)1:15 PM Daily3:40 PM Ex. Hol.5:

133、20 PM Daily7:00 AM9:00 AM11:00 AM11:45 AM3:15 PM5:40 PM7:20 PM10:45 AM12:45 PM2:45 PM-5:45 PM8:45 PM9:55 PM36What is the shortest time between Boston and New York by train?A5 hours 35 minutesB5 hours 5 minutesC4 hours 25 minutesD4 hours 30 minutes37On Christmas Day, how many trains at least will go

134、from Boston to New York?ATwoBThreeCFourDFive38You are traveling in the 9:10 AM train. In Midway you get off and stay there for an hour. If you want to get to New York before dark, which train from Boston should you change?AThe 1:15 PM train.BThe 5:20 PM train.CThe 3:40 PM train.DThe 10:10 AM train.【

135、答案】36D 37B 38A【分析】本文是应用文，是一份美国波士顿到纽约的列车时刻表。36推理判断题。根据Lv.(Leave) Boston 中1:15 PM Daily和Ar. New York 中5:45 PM，得知下午1:15从波士顿出发，下午5:45到纽约，在所有列车中花费时间最短，4小时30分。故选D。37细节理解题。至少有3趟列车是Daily每日通行的列车，因此判断出在圣诞节至少有3趟列车从波士顿开往纽约。故选B。38推理判断题。题中要求是9:10 AM 从波士顿坐火车出发，在Midway 11:00 AM下车，停留1小时，为了在天黑前赶到纽约，应该乘坐波士顿1:15 PM Dai

136、ly那班列车，在下午5:45到纽约。其它时间都是晚间到纽约，不符合题目要求。故选A。11.（2023四川树德中学校考三模）Weve all been there: we go to the gym for a few days, and then we give in because its too tiring. Even though you have great determination in the beginning, you find it difficult to make daily exercise a habit. So, how can you do it?APlan

137、the timeTake your day and break it into hours on a piece of paper. Its suggested by many experts that you exercise in the morning. Not only do you burn more calories at that time, but it will make you energetic.BChoose your exerciseWhat do you like to do? Whether its swimming, running, cycling, or s

138、omething else, find something you enjoy. If doing the same thing every day makes you bored, do something different. Change and make it fun!C Set your goalWhat do you want to get out of this? Whatever it is, write it down. Put a note by your bed with that goal written on it to motivate you to get up

139、in the morning and actually get out the door.DStick to your planOnce you decide that youre going to do something, stick to it. Dont think that it will be easy. If you can make it through the first few weeks then youre fast on your way to making exercise a habit.What exactly does building a habit do

140、for you? Most importantly, it makes exercise a priority (优先的事物) in your life. People who have a habit of exercising wont feel right if they dont get in their daily exercise time.39Why do experts suggest doing sports in the morning?ABecause the air is fresher at that time.BBecause it can help to keep

141、 us warm.CBecause it makes us burn more calories and energetic.DBecause it is the only free time we have during the day.40The author thinks it difficult for us to_ .Aform a good living habitBmake daily exercise a habitCfind proper sportsDmake the determination to exercise41If we feel tired of the sa

142、me sport，we can_ .Ado it the other dayBstop it for a certain period of timeCset up another goal of exercisingDchange it for some other sports【答案】39C 40B 41D【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了怎样把锻炼变成一种坚持下来的习惯。39细节理解题。根据A.Plan the time部分中“Its suggested by many experts that you exercise in the morning. Not only do

143、you burn more calories at that time，but it will make you energetic.(很多专家建议你早上锻炼。那个时候你不仅能消耗更多的卡路里，还能更加精力充沛) ”可知，早上锻炼能让我们消耗更多卡路里，让我们更精力充沛，所以专家才建议早上锻炼，故选C。40细节理解题。根据第一段中“Even though you have great determination in the beginning，you find it difficult to make daily exercise a habit. (即使你一开始就有很大的决心，但你发现很难

144、养成每天锻炼的习惯)”可知，作者认为我们很难养成每天锻炼的习惯。故选B。41细节理解题。根据B.Choose your exercise部分中“If doing the same thing every day makes you bored，do something different. Change and make it fun!(如果每天做同样的事情让你感到无聊，那就做些不同的事情。改变，让它变得有趣！)”可知，如果我们厌烦了同样的运动，我们可以改变，去做一些其他的运动。故选D。12.（2023湖北武汉市黄陂区第一中学模拟预测）What limits you from hiking m

145、ore often? Many complain that they dont have a suitable partner to go with. Why not take a look at the great hiking clubs across Canada? Yukon Outdoors ClubWebsite: yukonoutdoorsclub.caMembership cost: $10 for a single membership; $15 for a family membershipDescription: The club arranges day hikes,

146、backpacking trips, canoe trips, mountain biking, cross-country skiing trips, snowshoeing trips and various workshops for members to gain new skills and valuable information. UBC Varsity Outdoor ClubWebsite: ubc-Membership cost: Students $40； non-UBC students $60Description: The UBC Varsity Outdoor C

147、lub is a social group that hikes, mountaineers, rock climbs and ice climbs. Travel and outdoor-minded UBC students and non-students are welcome to join. The UBC VOC has also constructed a few backcountry cottages in the Coast Mountains. Pender Harbor Hiking GroupWebsite: penderharbourhiking.weebly.

148、ComMembership cost: Free.Description: The Pender Harbor Hiking Group offers hikes scheduled two months in advance, so get on the mailing list or check the website regularly to find a hike thats right for you! Hikes are usually one and a half to two hours long, but some full-day hikes are scheduled,

149、depending on members, interest. Vernon Outdoors ClubWebsite: vernonoutdoorsclub. OrgMembership cost: A single membership is $25, and students pay $10, Children are free.Description: Boasting a membership of close to 200 people, the Vernon Outdoors Club is an active group that enjoys hiking and cycli

150、ng. The group organizes a Tuesday Rambles event each week and also hosts multi-day trips.42Which club has built remote shelters for hikers?AThe Yukon Outdoors Club.BThe Vernon Outdoors Club.CThe UBC Varsity Outdoor Club.DThe Pender Harbor Hiking Group.43What should you do if you hope to hike with th

151、e Pender Harbour Hiking Group?AMake a proper appointment.BFollow the website or the mail.CDevelop your interest in hiking.DArrange two months ahead of time.44What do the four clubs have in common?ABooking in advance.BCharging membership fee.CProviding skill workshops.DOrganizing hiking activities.【答

152、案】42C 43B 44D【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个可以提供徒步旅行的俱乐部。42细节理解题。由文中第二部分UBC Varsity Outdoor Club 介绍中“The UBC VOC has also constructed a few backcountry cottages in the Coast Mountains.（UBC VOC在海岸山脉还建造了一些偏僻的村舍。）可知，只有UBC Varsity Outdoor Club提到了为远足者建设了偏远的村舍。故选C项。43细节理解题。由第三部分Pender Harbor Hiking Group中“The Pende

153、r Harbor Hiking Group offers hikes scheduled two months in advance, so get on the mailing list or check the website regularly to find a hike thats right for you!”（Pender Harbor远足小组提供提前两个月安排的远足，因此，请进入邮件列表或定期检查网站，以找到适合您的远足！）可知，该俱乐部的远足安排要关注网站或邮件，故选B项。44推理判断题。由文中Pender Harbor Hiking Group介绍中“Description

154、: The Pender Harbor Hiking Group offers hikes scheduled two months in advance.”（ Pender Harbor远足小组提供提前两个月安排的远足）所以可推知是要提前订票安排的。 A项“Booking in advance.”（提前预定）可知文中并没有提到所有活动都要提前订票。同时该俱乐部介绍中“Membership cost: Free.”（会员费：免费）可知不收取会员费用，故B项“Charging membership fee.”（收取会员费）不对。 文中Yukon Outdoors Club介绍中提到“Descri

155、ption: The club arranges day hikes, backpacking trips, canoe trips, mountain biking, cross-country skiing trips, snowshoeing trips and various workshops for members to gain new skills and valuable. information.”（描述：俱乐部安排一日远足，背包旅行，独木舟旅行，山地自行车，越野滑雪旅行，雪鞋旅行和各种工作坊，供会员获得新技能和宝贵信息。）可知提到了获取技能。其他俱乐部未提及。故C项“Pr

156、oviding skill workshops”（提供技能作坊）不对。根据 UBC Varsity Outdoor Club中的“Description: The UBC Varsity Outdoor Club is a social group that hikes, mountaineers, rock climbs and ice climbs. ”描述:UBC Varsity户外俱乐部是一个社会团体，包括远足、登山、攀岩和攀冰。根据 Vernon Outdoors Club中的“Description:Boasting a membership of close to 200 peo

157、ple, the Vernon Outdoors Club is an active group that enjoys hiking and cycling.”描述:拥有近200名会员，弗农户外俱乐部是一个活跃的团体，喜欢徒步旅行和骑自行车。由此可知，四个俱乐部都组织徒步活动。故选D项。13.（2023江西萍乡芦溪中学校考一模）For more than 60 years, Lego bricks (乐高) have sparked childrens imaginations. Now, a new version of these toys is in the works. Theyre

158、 Lego Braille Bricks, and theyre being tested around the world.Lego Braille Bricks are designed to help people learn Braille. Thats a system of writing in which letters are represented by raised dots. People who are blind or visually impaired use their fingertips to read it. According to the World H

159、ealth Organization, 36 million people worldwide are blind. In the United States, its estimated that only 10% of blind children learn Braille. Lego Braille Bricks can help change that. The small dots on the bricks are arranged as Braille letters. Blind children can use these dots to learn Braille. Le

160、go plans to launch Braille Bricks next year. For some schools and institutions, Braille Bricks will be free. Each will contain about 250 bricks. Along with the alphabet, the bricks will feature numbers and math symbols. The Danish Association of the Blind was one of the first organizations to come u

161、p with the idea of using Lego bricks to teach Braille. Thorkild Olesen is the president of the group. Olesen is blind. He says many teachers dont have the tools and skills to help kids learn Braille. So they teach with audio tools, such as audio books. “Like any other people, we need to express ours

162、elves in writing,” Olesen said. “Audio is great. But it can never replace Braille. Braille is the single most important tool for us in order to learn to spell correctly, write, and gain literacy like sighted people.” 45Braille is .Aa new toy for blind children.Ba new version of Lego bricks.Ca writin

163、g system for blind people.Da kind of book for blind people.46According to the passage, Lego Braille Bricks are characterized by .Araised dots.Bnumbers and math symbols.CBraille letters.Dprinted letters.47Through Lego Braille Bricks, blind children can learn about different ideas EXCEPT .Aart.Bnumber

164、s.Cmath symbols.DEnglish letters.48Which of the following sentences is WRONG according to the article?AIn the US, one in ten blind children learn Braille.BLego will send Lego Braille Bricks to some schools for free.CLego Braille Bricks will help more blind children learn Braille.DMany teachers are n

165、ow teaching Braille with Lego Braille Bricks.【答案】45C 46B 47A 48D【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了乐高盲文积木的产生，并且告诉了我们它的意义。45细节理解题。根据第二段的“Lego Braille Bricks are designed to help people learn Braille. Thats a system of writing in which letters are represented by raised dots. People who are blind or visually impaired us

166、e their fingertips to read it.(乐高盲文积木是为了帮助人们学习盲文而设计的。这是一种用凸起的圆点表示字母的书写系统。那些盲人或视力受损的人可以用手指阅读它) ” 可知，Braille是一种盲人所用的文字系统，故选C。46细节理解题。根据第四段的“Each will contain about 250 bricks. Along with the alphabet, the bricks will feature numbers and math symbols. (每一套将包含大约250块积木，除了字母表外，积木还带有数字和数学符号。)”可知，Lego Brail

167、le Bricks除了字母表，还带有数字和数学符号，故选B。47细节理解题。根据第四段的“Each will contain about 250 bricks. Along with the alphabet, the bricks will feature numbers and math symbols. (每一套将包含大约250块积木，除了字母表外，积木还带有数字和数学符号。)”可知，盲人孩子们可以通过Lego Braille Bricks学习数字、数学符号以及英文字母。由此可知，Lego Braille Bricks不可以用来学习艺术，故选A。48细节理解题。根据最后一段的“He sa

168、ys many teachers dont have the tools and skills to help kids learn Braille. (他说，许多教师没有帮助孩子学习盲文的工具和技能。)”可知，不是很多老师都在用乐高盲文积木教盲文。D项“现在很多老师在用盲文乐高教孩子”与原文不符。故选D。14.（2023江西吉安江西省泰和中学校考一模）We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper in

169、to our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.On

170、Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in

171、Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, theyve also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Redney C Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado fir

172、st met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”In20

173、15, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection

174、 to act on a population,” said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.49What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?AEnvironmental adaptation of cattle raisers.BNew knowledge of human evolution.CRecent findings of human or

175、igin.DSignificance of food selection.50Where do the Bajau build their houses?AIn valleys.BNear rivers.COn the beach.DOff the coast.51Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?AThey could walk on stilts all day.BThey had a superb way of fishing.CThey could stay long underwater.DThey lived on

176、 both land and water.52What can be a suitable title for the text?ABodies Remodeled for a Life at SeaBHighlanders Survival SkillsCBasic Methods of Genetic ResearchDThe Worlds Best Divers【答案】49B 50D 51C 52A【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。49推理判断题。根据

177、第一段的we are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes, they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究我们的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子)可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉

178、我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B. New knowledge of human evolution.(人类进化的新知识)符合以上说法，故选B项。50细节理解题。根据第二段的The Bajau, as these people are known, number in hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally live on houseboats; in recent times, theyve also built hous

179、es on stilts in coastal waters.(这些人被称为Bajau，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。他们一直住在船屋上；最近他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上)可知，Bajau把房子建在沿海区域。D. Off the coast.(沿海)符合以上说法，故选D项。51细节理解题。根据第三段的we were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders.(我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多)可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是Bajau人能

180、在水下待更长的时间。C. They could stay long underwater. (他们能在水下待很长时间)符合以上说法，故选C项。52主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaption-not to air or to food, but to the ocean.(周四，在细胞杂志上发表的一篇文章中，一群研究人员报道了一种新的适应不是空气也不是食物，而是海洋)可知，本文主要讲述了一种新的进化

181、，即长期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让Bajau人的身体进化成更适应海洋生活。A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea.(身体为适应海洋生活而重塑)可以作为本文标题，故选A项。15.（2023安徽安庆安庆一中校考模拟预测）Rivers are the veins of the Earth, transporting the water and nutrients (营养物) needed to support the planets ecosystems, including human life. While many nutrients are ess

182、ential to the survival of life, there is one element transported by water in rivers that holds the key to life and to the future of our planet carbon.Carbon is everywhere and understanding the way it moves and is either released or stored by the Earth system is a complex science in itself. Carbon st

183、arts its journey downstream when natural acid rain, which contains carbon dioxide from the atmosphere,melts minerals in rocks. This helps transform carbon dioxide to bicarbonate (碳酸氢盐) in the water that then flows in our rivers. This is a very long process, which is one of the main ways carbon dioxi

184、de is removed from the atmosphere. Carbon is transported by rivers to oceans and once that carbon reaches the ocean, it is stored naturally in deep sea sediments (沉淀物) for millions of years.As carbon travels down a river, different processes may impact whether it continues to flow downstream or whet

185、her it is released into the atmosphere. For example, human engineering, like extensive dam construction, will result in dramatic changes to how water and sediments travel down the river. Some carbon that fails to reach the sea may return to the atmosphere in some way, which causes more warming.Earth

186、s climate is closely related to the carbon cycle. We all know about the essential role of plants in consuming carbon dioxide, but do we know enough about rivers? Changing the chemistry and the course of rivers may have significant impacts on how they transport carbon. Remember: wherever we live, we

187、all live downstream.53Where is the carbon in rivers originally from?AThe atmosphere.BThe rocks.CThe acid rain.DThe upstream areas.54Why is human engineering mentioned in Paragraph 3?ATo show how important to life carbon is.BTo explain how necessary it is to build dams.CTo show how a natural process

188、is interrupted.DTo explain how humans fight global warming.55What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph?AWed better move upstream to live.BWe should protect plants along rivers.CWed better seek more help from plants.DWe should be cautious about river management.56What is the best titl

189、e for the text?AWhat Humans Do with RiversBHow Rivers Transporting Carbon CountsCWhat the Carbon Cycle Means to UsDHow Living Downstream Affects the Earth【答案】53A 54C 55D 56B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要描述了河流对于运输碳的重要性以及人类工程对河流的破坏，号召人们要小心河流的管理。53细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Carbon starts its journey downstream when natural aci

190、d rain, which contains carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, melts minerals in rocks.( 当含有大气中二氧化碳的天然酸雨融化岩石中的矿物质时，碳就开始了它的下游之旅。)”可知，河流里的碳最初来自于大气。故选A项。54推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段内容“For example, human engineering, like extensive dam construction, will result in dramatic changes to how water and sediments travel dow

191、n the river.( 例如，人类工程，像大规模的水坝建设，将导致水和沉积物如何沿河流流动的巨大变化。)”可知，提到人类工程是为了说明前一句内容“different processes may impact whether it continues to flow downstream or whether it is released into the atmosphere.( 不同的过程可能会影响它是否继续向下游流动或是否释放到大气中。)”，从而解释了人类的干预性。故选C项。55推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容“Earths climate is closely related to t

192、he carbon cycle. We all know about the essential role of plants in consuming carbon dioxide, but do we know enough about rivers? Changing the chemistry and the course of rivers may have significant impacts on how they transport carbon. Remember: wherever we live, we all live downstream.( 地球的气候与碳循环密切

193、相关。我们都知道植物在消耗二氧化碳方面的重要作用，但我们对河流了解的够多吗?改变化学物质和河流的流向可能会对它们运输碳的方式产生重大影响。记住:无论我们生活在哪里，我们都生活在下游。)”可知，作者在末尾段想要传达的信息是人类对于河流的干预会影响它们运输碳的方式，而人类需要在河流管理方法小心谨慎。故选D项。56主旨大意题。根据文章首段提到的中心话题：While many nutrients are essential to the survival of life, there is one element transported by water in rivers that holds the key to life and to the future of our planet carbon.( 虽然许多营养物质对生命的生存至关重要，但河流中有一种元素是生命和地球未来的关键碳。)，且文章内容主要描述了河流运输碳有非常重要的价值。选项B“How Rivers Transporting Carbon Counts(河流如何运输碳)”可作为最佳标题。故选B项。