专题01阅读理解之细节理解题(讲义)(原卷版).docx
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1、专题01 阅读理解之细节理解题(讲义)目 录考点 阅读理解之细节理解题 -1页 -1页 -1页【真题研析规律探寻】-2页考向1 考查直接信息题-2页考向2 考查间接信息题-3页考向3 考查数字计算题-5页【核心提炼考向探究】-7页1命题规律-7页2 细节题的设题方式-8页3常用的解题方法-8页4阅读理解之细节理解题的解题关键-9页5细节理解题的实用技巧-9页【题型特训命题预测】-10页预测考向1 考查直接信息题-10页预测考向2 考查间接信息题-11页预测考向3 考查数字计算题-13页考点 阅读理解之细节理解题考情分析:分析2021-2023年新高考阅读理解细节理解题考向分布。考点题型细节理解
2、阅读理解2023 试卷类型阅读考点2023新高考I卷阅读21、22、23、24、26、28、33细节理解2023年新高考全国卷阅读21、22、23、24、25、27、29、32、35细节理解20222022新高考I卷阅读22、25、26、27、32、33细节理解2022年新高考全国卷阅读21、22、23、25、26、27、29、34细节理解20212021新高考I卷阅读21、22、23、24、26、27、28、32细节理解2022年新高考全国卷阅读21、22、23、24、27、28、30、32、33、34细节理解总结高考考点,探究细节理解的命题规律。近年来,高考阅读理解细节理解题主要考查:直接
3、信息题、间接信息题和数字计算题。考点要求考题统计考情分析直接信息题3年8考【命题规律】根据新高考三年的考情分析,细节理解题主要集中考查:直接信息题、间接信息题;数字计算题。【命题预测】2024年高考还会集中考查细节理解的这三种形式,而且细节理解题仍然占阅读理解的较高比重。间接信息题3年37考数字计算题3年3考考向1 考查直接信息题1.(2023新高考卷阅读理解A 篇节选)Guided City ToursThe 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewe
4、ry and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.3. Where does the guided city tour start?A. The Gooyer, Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是
5、题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子,然后进行比较和分析,便可确定答案。1.题干关键词where和start。注意文章重点定位关键词:The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. 2. 注意相关的同意表达:start开始;depart离开,出发。这两个词采用同义词手段,进行同义句表达。2.(2023年新高考卷阅读理解A篇) Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programmes through
6、out the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programmes this summer.Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)Whether youre hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the parks amazing wildlife from the road, this quick worksho
7、p is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay fo
8、r as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Centre.Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colours of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the areas natural and
9、 human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)Enhance your photography skillsjoin Yellowstones park photographer for a h
10、ands-on programme to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.6/19Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.7/10Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.21.Which of the four programmes begins the earliest?A.Photogra
11、phy Workshops.B.Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.C.Canyon Talks at Artist Point.D.Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子,然后进行比较和分析,便可确定答案。题干关键词the earliest。注意文章重点定位:找到文章中所有的时间信息,找出最早的一个。3.(2023全国甲卷阅读理解A节选)Bo. tanBo. tan has been making waves in Bangkoks culinary sce
12、ne since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisines roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candlelit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hu
13、ngry theres a large set menu.2. Which restaurant offers a large set menu?A. Gaggan.B. Bo. tan.C. Issaya Siamese Club.D. Nahm.4. (2023全国乙卷阅读理解A节选)PRACTITIONERSRebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she
14、 was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.23. Who was the first African American with a medical degree?A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania.B. Tan Yunxian.C. James Barry.D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.考向2 考查间
15、接信息题1.(2023新高考卷阅读理解C 篇节选)CThe goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide its right for you.To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one,
16、I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many peoples digital lives increasingly intolerable,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.()28.What is the book aimed at?A.Teaching c
17、ritical thinking skills.B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.C.Solving philosophical problems.D.Promoting the use of a digital device.间接信息题的核心是识别同义句表达。最常用的方法是:1.采用同义词改写选项或题干;2.用反义词改写选项或题干,采用正话反说的方式;3.采用相关句式改写。例如:本题的解题思维过程如下:【题干定位】关键词 be aimed at【文章定位】The goal of this book is to make the case for
18、digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide its right for you.【文章中的关键词】 The goal of this book【同义句表达手段】be aimed at =The goal of this book【内容定位】 to make the case for digital minimalism【选项关键词】Adv
19、ocating v. 提倡( advocate的现在分词 );为辩护【同义句表达手段】Advocating v. 提倡( advocate的现在分词 );为辩护=make the case for为辩护;提出理由【正确选项】B2.(2023新高考卷阅读理解B 篇节选)When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear afte
20、r flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questi
21、ons. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.4. What can we lea
22、rn about John from the first two paragraphs?A. He was fond of traveling.B. He enjoyed being alone.C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He longed to be a doctor.当一个细节理解题涉及一段内的多个信息点或者多段的具体内容,需要考生进行概括和归纳后才能回答,虽然此类试题各个细节信息都能在文章中找到,但需要考生具有一定的概括和归纳能力。本题就是对两段信息的整合,归纳出的正确答案 。2.(2023全国甲卷阅读理解B篇节选)Terri, who now ren
23、ts a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “Ive moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures, so, its been useful to know how to cover up holes and rep
24、aint a room to avoid any charges when Ive moved out.”26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented?A. By making it look like before.B. By furnishing it herself.C. By splitting the rent with a roommate.D. By cancelling the rental agreement.【解题的关键词】题干中的avoid losing the deposit避免损失
25、押金 和文章中的avoid any charges 避免被扣除租房的押金,是同义句表达。3.(20231月浙江卷阅读理解C篇节选)What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of
26、rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate
27、meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean. 30What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond?ACreate rules.BComprehend meaning.CTalk fluently.DIdentify difficult words.【解题的关键词】题干中的unable to do
28、不能做 和文章中的does not specify未指定,是同义句表达。考向3 考查数字计算题1.(2023新高考卷阅读理解A 篇)Bike Rental & Guided ToursWelcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and
29、countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.Why MacBikeMacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a
30、 bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and childrens bikes.PricesHand Brake, Three GearsFoot Brake, No Gears1 hour7.505.003 hours11.007.501 day (24 hours)14.759
31、.75Each additional day8.006.00Guided City ToursThe 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book o
32、nline.2. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?A. 15.75.B. 19.50.C. 22.75.D. 29.50.【易错提醒】【题干定位】关键词a bike with hand brake and three gears two days【文章定位】Hand Brake, Three GearsFoot Brake, No Gears1 hour7.505.003 hours11.007.501 day (24 hours)14.759.75Each
33、additional day8.006.00【文章关键词】 Each additional day8.00是容易出现错误的信息【计算方法】14.75+8=22.75【答案定位】 C2.(20231月浙江卷阅读理解A篇节选)Explorers CampFull day camp for kids aged 5-13. Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm. Week 1 | July 8-12Week 2 | July 15-19Week 3 | July 22-26Register for a single week or multiple weeks. Fees
34、: $365 per week. The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15. Camp StructureThe day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group. Campers have a three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break, followed by an
35、other three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm). Snack periods are held throughout the day. All campers should bring their own bagged lunch and snacks. 23How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week?A15.B21.C30.D42.3. (2023全国乙卷阅读理解C 篇节选)Acco
36、rding to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients t
37、han before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UKs obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documen
38、taries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, its no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now?A. 20%.B. 24%.C. 25%.D. 33%.数字计算题最常用的方法是:1.仔细理解题干中的信息要求;2.从文章中定位计算需要的信息;3.通过
39、计算得出答案。阅读理解之细节理解考点的必备知识:1命题规律:1命题规律:细节理解题考查理解具体信息,占阅读总题量的60%左右,是最重要的得分点。2考查类型:主要考查直接信息理解类、间接信息理解类、概括信息理解类、数字计算类等。3考查趋势:考查方式更灵活,设问形式有所创新;在文中的答题信息变得较为隐蔽,有时要将多个信息(有时需要跨段落寻找)综合起来才可得出答案。2. 细节题的设题方式:(1) 简单细节题标志:5个W,1个H。According to the passage, when / where / what / who / why / how (many).例如:When / Where
40、did the story happen?What did the author think about after getting up? Who is Lucy according to the passage?Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week?(2) 文段篇章细节题Which of the following is (not) true / false ac
41、cording to the passage?From the passage, we can learn that _.According to passage, we know that _.(3) 排序题(不常考)Choose the right time order of the following events in .3. 常用的解题方法1. 判断(定位)关键词(1) 识记关键词类别,主要分为以下类别:a. 大写字母开头的词(人名、地名、专有名词等),数字(时间、英文时间),形容词副词(比较级、最高级),动词,名词。b. 若题干中没有细节信息,如 “What can you lea
42、rn from the passage?无法找到定位词,就从选项中寻找定位词,方法一致。(2) 划出关键词。如:1.Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford?大写字母开头的词(人名、地名)2.The TV ads of Sparrow _.大写字母开头的词(专有名词、人名)3.From Paragraph 2 we can learn that _.数字4.Why is June 6, 1990 a special day for Mommy? 数字(时间),大写字母开头的词5.The writer mentions the two nineteenth
43、-century cottages to show that _.数字(英文时间)6.We can learn from the last paragraph that _.形容词7.We learn from the text that in 2008 _.数字(时间)8.At the age of thirteen, the author regarded keeping a diary as a way of _.数字(英文时间)9.What was a new use for wind power in the late 19th century? 形容词,数字(时间)10.While
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