专题02 2022年中考英语易错题精讲精练-名词.docx
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1、2022年中考英语易错题精讲精练-名词名词的考察方向:1. 名词的含义辨析2. 名词的单复数3. 名词所有格4. 名词综合理解一、名词的含义辨析(10小题)1Peter considers Shanghai as his second _because he has lived here for ten yearsAfamilyBhouseChomeDroom【答案】 C 【解析】根据Shanghai ashas lived可知住在上海,上海是一个城市,不是一个房子(house)不是一个房间(room),故排除B与Dfamily指的是家庭成员,一般不涉及房屋home是指家庭成员所居住的那种环境
2、或与房屋有关的家故选C2Mike can go to school nowUNICEF has paid for his _()AeducationBvacationCcompetitionDinvention【答案】A 【解析】名词词义辨析题Aeducation 教育 Bvacation 假期 Ccompetition 比赛 Dinvention 发明结合前后语境并根据关键句Mike can go to school now及关键词paid for 可知Mandeep之所以能够上学与联合国儿童基金会给他支付什么有关,结合选项,这里上学是属于教育的范畴,所以应是指支付教育费用应用educati
3、on,意为教育,符合句意故选:A3Kate is so shy that she doesnt have_ to sing in public()ApowerBcourageCenergyDtime【答案】B【解析】本题考查名词的词义辨析分析:根据句意,说的是凯特很害羞,没有勇气在公共场合唱歌所给四个答案辨析:power 力量;courage 勇气;energy 精力;time 时间因此只有答案B符合题目意思和要求4I think computers are very usefulThey can help us get much_ on the Internet()AphotoBideasC
4、informationDmessage【答案】C 【解析】photo照片,可数名词;ideas想法,主意,可数名词;information信息,不可数名词;message消息,可数名词根据关键词much,可知后面修饰不可数名词;结合选项只有information为不可数名词故选C5When Peter comes,please ask him to leave a _()AnoticeBmessageCsentenceDinformation【答案】B 【解析】此处考查了名词的用法notice通知,布告;message消息,广告词;sentence句子,判决;information信息,资料根
5、据句意:当彼得来时,请让他留个消息,可知message符合题意故选:B6You are not allowed to talk loudly here,are you?RightIts one of the _in the library()AplansBordersCrulesDsubjects【答案】C 【解析】plans计划;orders订单;rules规则;subjects科目根据关键句You are not allowed to talk loudly here和关键词library可以推测,在图书馆不允许说话是人人皆知的规则,属于规章制度,结合选项应用rules故选C7The 3r
6、d Chinas Got Talent (中国达人秀) gives the child a chance to show his special_AabilityBbehaviorCeducationDbackground【答案】A 【解析】ability,能力;behavior,行为;education,教育;background,背景根据句中关键词show可知,展示的是能力,故选A8Liu Xiang won the first Olympic gold _ in the 110m hurdles for China()AmedalBprizeCsymbolDRecord【答案】A【解析】
7、medal奖牌;prize奖项;symbol特征;record记录根据句中关键词the first gold可知,应是第一块金牌,故选:A9. You look worriedWhats your_?I have trouble learning English()AnameBquestionCproblemDjob【答案】C 【解析】考查名词辨析name名字;question问题;problem问题,难题;job工作根据You look worried可知应该是问对方有什么问题、麻烦Question是用来回答的问题常常与answer连用,所以不符合语境;而problem指遇到的难以解决的棘手
8、问题或麻烦,符合语境故选C10. -Can you tell me how to use the washing machine?-I am very busy now. You can read the_.()AinformationBinstructionCintroductionDinstrument【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析A. 信息 B. 指导,说明书 C. 介绍 D. 乐器根据上面句子提到的内容可知是问对方可否教一下怎么用洗衣机,对方说需要查看洗衣机的说明书,故选C。二、名词的单复数(15小题)1)可数名词的单数 可数名词的单数形式前面一般加冠词a或an,表示“一”的概念。构成
9、例词特别提示以辅音音素开头的名词前加aa book 一本书a computer 一台电脑a university 一所大学有时可以在名词前加one, each, every, another 表示“一”的概念。如:each book 每一本书; every day 每一天以元音音素开头的名词前加anan apple 一个苹果an hour 一个小时an idea 一个想法注意:单数名词前面加a 还是an,主要是看单词的第一个字母的发音,而不是看构成单词的第一个字母。2)可数名词的复数A. 部分单词单复数同形Chinese,Japanese,police,people,deer,sheep,fi
10、sh口诀:中日警察好友来聚会,鹿、羊、鱼、牛齐齐把家回。B. 在英语名词复数中,表示(某)国人的名词复数有些加S,有些又不加,学生常常会出错。这里有一条顺口溜就能帮助学生解决这一问题。它是:“中日瑞不变,英法都要变,其他国人加S”。如:Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,Swiss-SwissEnglishman-Englishmen,American-AmericansGerman-Germans.C. 极少数单词,其复数形式没有任何规律,可借助口诀帮助记忆goose-geese;mouse-mice;man-men;woman-women;tooth-tee
11、th; foot-feet,child-children另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多例clothes衣服;shoes鞋子;sunglasses太阳镜;shorts短裤;scissors剪刀;glasses眼镜;shears大剪刀trousers长裤3)可数名词的数量表达A.可数名词可以借助量词来表达,of后面用名词复数,尤其是成双成对的名词复数。如:a pair of glasses three pairs of trousers a pair of scissors a pair of trousers a pair of glasses a pair ofsocks a pair o
12、fgloves a pair ofshoes可数名词借助量词来表达时要注意:后面虽然用复数,动词要根据前面的量词来决定。如:There is a box of apples in the car. There are four pairs of shoes under the bed. B. 可数名词可以借助some,any,a lot of, many等词来修饰。如:some apples,many people, a lot of books等等。4)常考不可数名词 A.常用的不可数名词分类:物质名词food, meat, fish, chicken, pork, beef, mutton
13、, drink, orange, milk, tea, coke, water, rice, breadpaper, ice, rain, snow, wind, cloud, air, weather等抽象名词homework, news, maths, Chinese, English, music, information, fun, work等B.不可数名词的数量表达不可数名词可以用“数词或冠词量词of不可数名词”这样的结构来表示,量词可以是单数也可以是复数。如:一杯牛奶 a cup of milk 三杯咖啡 three cups of coffee 两瓶橘汁two bottles o
14、f orange There are five bottles of milk. But there isnt a cup of tea. 可以修饰不可数名词数量的词语还有:some, any, much, a lot of, little, a little等 1Annie took a lot of_ with her mobile phone when she visited the Great Wall last summer holiday()Aphoto B.photoes CPhotos 【答案】C【解析】选项Aphoto 照片(单数);选项B photoes错误的复数形式;ph
15、otos 照片(复数)take photos 拍照因此本题正确答案是C2Please accept our best wishes(祝愿)for your exams【答案】wishes【解析】祝愿翻译成wish,根据前文our我们,所以用wish的复数形式wishes3There are twodifferences(different) in the following pictures【答案】differences【解析】本题考查名词的复数形式,根据关键词two可知,后面应该用名词的复数形式,different的名词形式为difference,故填differences4. The bo
16、y is doing some Maths_(练习) in the classroom at the moment.【答案】exercises【解析】本题考查名词的复数形式,根据空格前面的some以及句意可知男孩做的是一些数学练习,所以用exercise的复数形式,故填exercises5.Every year a lot oftourists(tour) go to Beijing to see the Great Wall 【答案】tourists【解析】根据go to Beijing to see the Great Wall可知主语应该是人,故用tourist游客,而a lot of后
17、面跟名词复数,故填:tourists6Mr Liu is a wise man, and he often gives us a few_()AsuggestionsBadviceChobbiesDknowledge【答案】A【解析】A suggestions建议,可数名词复数 B advice建议,不可数名词 C hobbies爱好,可数名词复数 D knowledge知识,不可数名词根据题干,可知a few接可数名词复数故选:A。7During the epidemic(疫情) many_in our city went to Hubei Province as volunteers()A
18、woman doctorBwoman doctorsCwomen doctors D. women doctor【答案】C【解析】many许多修饰可数名词复数名词woman做定语修饰可数名词复数时,通常也变为复数women8About 200_went to see the Asian Fashion Show last night()AGermanBAustralianCChineseDAmerican【答案】C【解析】German德国人,Australian澳大利亚人,Chinese中国人,American 美国人。根据题干200 ,可知此处用名词的复数形式。Chinese单复数同形,选项
19、ABD都是单数形式。故选:C。9 Its said that the two _ doctors have just come back from Wuhan Yeah, I know them They are both already in their_()Awoman; sixtyBwomen; sixtiethCwomen; sixtiesDwoman; sixties【答案】C【解析】根据题干,可知第一空是指两个女医生woman用作形容词时,也要变成复数形式第二空考查in ones sixties某人60多岁10What would you like to eat, honey?_(
20、)AChicken with vegetables and two bowls of ricesBChicken with vegetables and two bowls of riceCChickens with vegetables and two bowls of riceDChickens with vegetable and two bowls of rices【答案】B【解析】Chicken当鸡肉讲是不可数名词,没有复数形式,排除CD;rice也是不可数名词,没有复数形式,排除A11These want to have some for lunchSo they decide t
21、o catch many()AGermans,fishBGermans,fishesCGerman,fishDGermany,fish【答案】A【解析】根据题干,可知these结合名词复数形式,German的复数形式是Germans;fish当鱼肉讲时是不可数名词,没有复数形式12Jim broke a pair of shoes made of _ in a _store yesterday()Aglass; womanBglasses; womanCglass; womensDglasses; womens【答案】C【解析】glass作名词,表示玻璃时是不可数名词;表示玻璃杯是可数名词根据
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2019届人教A版数学必修二同步课后篇巩固探究:2-1-1 平面 WORD版含解析.docx
