专题02冠词、代词（讲义）（原卷版）.docx

1、专题02 冠词、代词(讲义)目 录考点一 冠词 -1页 -1页 -2页【真题研析规律探寻】-3页考向1 考查定冠词表示特指-3页考向2 考查不定冠词表示泛指-3页考向3 考查短语中的冠词-3页考向4 考查句型中的冠词-4页考向5 考查抽象名词具体化中的冠-4页【核心提炼考向探究】-6页1定冠词的基本用法-6页2不定冠词的用法-6页3根据固定搭配或用法确定冠词-6页4名词考点的关键能力-7页【题型特训命题预测】-7页预测考向1 考查定冠词表示特指-7页预测考向2 考查不定冠词的用法-7页预测考向3 考查短语中的冠词-8页考点二 代词 -9页-9页-10页【真题研析规律探寻】-10页考向1 考查代

2、词的词形转换-10页考向2 考查代词的句法功能-11页考向3 考查代词it的用法-11页【核心提炼考向探究】-121. 代词的词形转换必备知识-122. 与反身代词相关的短- 133. 与it相关的句型- 134. 不定代词both, all, either, any, neither, none- 14【题型特训命题预测】-15预测考向1 考查代词词形转换-15预测考向2 考查代词的句法功能-15预测考向3考查代词it的相关用法-15考点一 冠词考情分析：分析2021-2023年新高考有关冠词的考向分布。题型语法填空高考考点冠词新高考I卷2023a2022the2021a新高考II卷2023

3、the2022The2021the新高考浙江卷2023年1月the2022年6月the2022年1月the2021年7月The2021年1月总结高考考点，探究冠词的命题规律。近年来，高考冠词主要考查：定冠词the的用法；不定冠词a的基本用法；冠词的一些特殊用法。考点要求考题统计考情分析定冠词the表示特指3年8考【命题规律】根据新高考三年的考情分析，冠词主要考查定冠词表示特指的用法和不定冠词表示泛指的用法，这是冠词最基本的两种用法。考题有时兼顾固定短语中的冠词。因为汉语中没有冠词的概念，所以冠词也是比较难的考点。关于冠词的用法，我们要深刻理解抽象和具体，特指和泛指的真正含义，这样就掌握了冠词的

4、精髓。不定冠词a表示泛指3年2考短语中的冠词3年0考句型中的冠词3年1考考向1 考查定冠词表示特指1.(2023年新高考II卷) Not the pandas, even though language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. 2.(2022年新高考II卷) _ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.3.(2023年1月浙江高考卷) In contrast to the court life and upper-

5、class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect _ culture of grassroots Beijingers. 4.（2022年1月浙江高考卷）The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to _ blind because we dont see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. 1.根据语境

6、判断定冠词表示特指（特指具体说就是指具体存在的东西，我们看得见的东西）：(1)用于特指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。(2)用于复述上文已经提到的人或事物。(3)用于姓氏的复数前表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。(4)用于形容词前表示一类人。(5)用于序数词或形容词的最高级前面。2. 分析句子结构，发现空后有名词，搭配后表示特指时，应考虑用定冠词the。考向2 考查不定冠词表示泛指1.（2022年全国甲卷）_ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.2.（2020年1月浙江卷）A child born i

7、n the US today has _very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.1.根据语境判断不定冠词表示泛指：（常考点）(1)不定冠词与单数名词连用，泛指一类事物或一类事物中的一个。(2)用于某人或某物的名字前，指与其具有相同特性的人或物。(3)在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。2. 定冠词a/an分析句子结构，发现空后有单数可数名词，搭配后表示泛指时，应考虑用不定冠词a/an。考向3 考查短语中的冠词1.(2023年新高考卷) The meat should be fresh with

8、 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.2.(2021全国甲) It took us about 3 hours to go all _ way around the Xian City Wall. 一些固定搭配中不定冠词：如：a waste of浪费；a touch of “一点儿;少许”；all of a sudden突然地；as a rule通常；once in a while偶尔,不时 in a minute一会儿in a word简言之 get in a word插话 as a result (of)由于，因

9、为 in a hurry匆忙地be at a loss不知所措as a matter of fact 实际上 eat at a mouthful 一口吃下one(two, three.)at a time一次一个（两个，三个.）一些固定搭配中定冠词：on the contrary恰恰相反，in the air在传播中，in the end最后，on the whole大体上，by the way顺便提一下，to tell the truth老实说。考向4 考查句型中的冠词1.（2022年新高考卷）The Chinese government recently finalized a plan

10、to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). Covering an area about three times _ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 2.The new road built in this month is more than three times _ width of the old one that was built in 2011.冠词在固定句型中的运用主

11、语+be+the size/length/width/height+of+被比较的对象Our building is twice the height of yours. 我们的大楼是你们的大楼的两倍高。主语+be+the+形容词比较级+of/between.He is the taller of the two. 他是两人之中较高的那个。 主语+be+the+形容词或副词最高级Spring is the best season of the year. 春天是一年中最好的季节。 one of+the+形容词或副词最高级The Yellow River is one of the longes

12、t rivers in China. 黄河是中国最长的河之一。考向5 考查抽象名词具体化中的冠词(2021新课标I) While youre in China, Mount Huangshan is must to visit! 用在抽象名词之前表示具体介绍:抽象名词具体化，使之具有了“一”的概念。The house is full of joy.The little girl is a joy to her parents. (令人高兴的人或物)Failure is the mother of success.He is a success. （一个成功的人或物）He gave me a l

13、ot of pleasure.It is a pleasure to work with you. （一件令人愉快的事情）She looked up in surprise.What a great surprise you gave me. （一件令人惊讶的事情）Knowledge is power. He has a wide knowledge of animals. （一门的知识）He received little education/ a good education. （一种的教育）某些物质名词也可以和不定冠词连用，而变成具体化的名词。例如I like coffee.Would

14、you like a coffee? (一杯咖啡)I has just had lunch.I has just had a big lunch. (一顿丰盛的午餐)冠词考点的必备知识：1定冠词的基本用法：用于特指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。When I passed the station this morning, I saw an accident.今天早晨经过车站时，我看到了一起交通事故。用于复述上文已经提到的人或事物。I applied for a university in the USA. The university enjoys a good reputation.我申请了一所

15、美国大学，这所大学享有很好的声誉。【高频再现】用于姓氏的复数前表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。The Smiths are watching TV now.史密斯一家正在看电视。【高频再现】用于形容词前表示一类人。the rich, the poor, the old, the Chinese, the wounded, the injured, the disabled。【高频再现】用于序数词或形容词的最高级前面。The first thing you should do is to think it over and over again.你首先要做的事情是再三考虑一下。用于表示世界上独一无二

16、的事物或发明创造的名词前。The sun is much larger than the earth.太阳比地球大的多。用于表示演奏的西洋乐器的名词前。He started to play the piano at five.他五岁开始学习弹钢琴。【易错提醒】表示中国民族乐器的名词前通常不加冠词，如pipa(琵琶)、flute(长笛)、erhu(二胡)等。2不定冠词的用法：不定冠词与单数名词连用，泛指一类事物或一类事物中的一个。用于表示价格、速度、比率、时间、重量、长度等的单位名词前，表示“每一”，相当于every，each或per。【易错提醒】序数词前加a或an表示“又一”，“再一”。【易错

17、提醒】抽象名词具体化，即表示“一个样的人或事”时在前面加a或an。常见的名词有：surprise，success，failure，pleasure，interest，joy，help，honor。【易错提醒】用于某人或某物的名字前，指与其具有相同特性的人或物。表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前有形容词修饰时，加a或an。3根据固定搭配或用法确定冠词：定冠词用在固定搭配中，如at the same time、on the contrary、to tell the truth、in the distance、make the most/best of、in the middle of、on the

18、spot等。【高频再现】不定冠词用在固定搭配中，如catch a cold、have a fever、all of a sudden、as a matter of fact、as a result、have a gift for、make a living、have/take a rest、give sb a lift、have a good knowledge of等。动词(catch/take/hit等)sb介词the身体部位。抽象名词具体化【易错提醒】具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有surprise、pleasure、comfort、d

19、anger、success、failure、beauty等。冠词考点的关键能力： 高考评价体系要求：考生能在具体的语境中，准确判断和使用基本的语法规则。提高冠词运用能力的基本策略：1注意在句中的位置在语法填空题中，空后是名词或者“形容词名词”，且空前没有形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时，很可能填冠词。2注意不定冠词a与an的区别以辅音音素开头的单词前使用a，以元音音素开头的单词前使用an。但要注意以下两种情况：(1)有些单词开头的辅音字母并不发音，该单词实际上是以元音音素开头的，要使用an, 如an hour、an honest man。(2)有些单词以元音字母开头，但该单词实际上是以辅音

20、音素开头，要使用a，如a university、a European country。【2024年高考命题预测】根据高考考情分析2024年高考将：（1）考查定冠词表示特指仍然是重点，归纳总结规律和牢记易混易错相结合；（2）考查不定冠词表泛指是必考点，注意理解抽象和泛指的概念；（3）特殊情况冠词的用法。预测考向1 考查定冠词表示特指1.（2024浙江省义乌五校第一次联考）And long period from the Tang Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty turned out to be a time when the royal seal was on the d

21、ecline. The use of the seal also varied. 2.（2024山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学）Thanks to abundant rainfall and the patient effort of the local government, Jinan, provincial capital of Shandong that is titled as the “city of springs”, has seen a year of remarkable achievement. 3.（2024江苏省连云港市月考）Catching sight of the s

22、unrise and sunset, Kua Fu suddenly hit upon an idea that he wanted to race against the sun to see who ran faster! The next day, moment the sun came out, he took a big step and ran towards the sun at full speed. The sun, however, was not still, and it gradually rose from the horizon, reached the high

23、est point and then set to the west. 预测考向2 考查不定冠词的用法1.（2024福建省漳州市第一次教学质量检测）No matter what happens in the world, he is always standing there with a big smile and _ inclusive attitude. 2.（2024河南省平顶山许昌济源洛阳四市第一次质量检测）More than 1,000 videos about Baduanjin can be found on Bilibili , video platform in China

24、. 3.（2024重庆育才中学、西南大学附属中学拔尖强基联盟联考）There was 39 old practice: Before bringing animal meat into the home, a small fire must first be lit outside the door and the meat should be smoked on the fire to drive away filth. 4.（2024福建省八县（市、区）一中联考）The newly discovered planet, Kepler-90i, is probably rocky and s

25、imilar to our earth, but because of its closeness to its home star, it has average surface temperature of about 400C It moves around the star once every 14.4 days.预测考向3 考查短语中的冠词1.（2024安徽皖江名校联盟阶段考试）Compared to the other three embroidery styles, Su embroidery is characterized by distinct stitching tec

26、hniques, use of split silk threads and variety of art themes. 2.（2024黑龙江省齐齐哈尔地区普高联谊校月考）He said other villages asked him to give them hand. The court rejected his appeal, and the original ruling was valid. 3.（2024重庆市巴蜀中学校高考适应性月考（三）The owners poke a special reed (芦苇) in to brush their crickets, which

27、drives them to fight. A referee closely monitors the tiny fighters, noting number of attacks and retreats.Cricket enthusiasts w ax poetic about a certain province because of the fierceness of its six-legged fighters. 考点二 代词考情分析：分析新高考有关代词的考向分布。三年高考只有三次考查了代词：题型语法填空高考考点代词新高考I卷2023they-their新高考I卷2021I-m

28、ine浙江1月高考卷2021she-herself总结高考考点，探究代词的命题规律。考点要求考题统计考情分析代词的词形转换3年3考【命题规律】根据新高考三年的考情分析，代词的词形转换是可能的考查要点，因此，总结归类代词相关的转换规律及基本的用法功能是备考的重点方向。同时，要注意有关代词句型的考查。 虽然代词考得较少，但仍然需要充分复习，不要因为没考就掉以轻心。代词的用法功能3年0考代词的相关句型3年0考考向1 考查代词的词形转换1.(2023年新高考卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them

29、 to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of (they) contents. 2.（2022全国高考乙卷）The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening _ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of TruthA Special Exhibition of Puer Tea.3. (2021年新高考I卷) As the song goes,

30、 this long and winding road will never disappear, and it will always stick in the visitors memory. It sure does in （I）. 4. (2021年浙江卷)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of _ （she）, everything in good taste and in perfect order. 解决常用代词词形转换题，我们要记住代词的各种形式。人称代词人称代词主格Iweyou (你)you (你

31、们)hesheitthey人称代词宾格meusyouyouhimheritthem物主代词形容词性物主代词myouryour (你的)your (你们的)hisheritstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs反身代词单数myselfyourselfhimself, herself, itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves考向2 考查代词的句法功能1.（2018新课标III卷）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to

32、 find (they) alive. 2.（2022全国甲卷改编）Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, _ (her) toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.3.（2022全国乙卷改编）They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like _ (they), had little privacy.4.（2022新高考卷改编）_ (she) notice included what kind

33、 of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age.考向3 考查代词it的用法1.（2022北京卷改编）_it is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.2.（2024河南省顶级名校阶段性检测）Geneticist (基因学家) Dr. Arney has explored the impact that human

34、s have had on the evolutionary process of the species in the past decade.From driving species to farm animals to new technologies like genetic engineering and cloning, Arney found _ impossible to ignore the influence of humans on the planet. 【高频再现】(1)it作形式主语的句型Itbeadj. (for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词

35、有：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。Itbeadj.of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。Itben.(for sb./sth.)to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有：pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。Itbeadj./n

36、.doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有：no/little use, no/much good, useless, fun等。Itben./adj.主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strangethat从句”中，从句的谓语动词常用“should动词原形”，且should可以省略。 (2)it作形式宾语的情况主语believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/makeitadj./n.不定式/动名词/从句。某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it，然后接从句，有此用法的动词(短语)：l

37、ike, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。代词考点的必备知识：1. 代词的词形转换必备知识人称代词人称代词主格Iweyou (你)you (你们)hesheitthey人称代词宾格meusyouyouhimheritthem物主代词形容词性物主代词myouryour (你的)your (你们的)hisheritstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs反身代词单数myselfyourselfhimself, herself, itself复数ourselvesy

38、ourselvesthemselves2. 【高频考点】与反身代词相对的短语enjoy oneself 玩得愉快come to oneself 苏醒by oneself 独自地teach oneself 自学devote oneself to 致力于of oneself 自动地behave oneself 举止得体help oneself to 自己取用for oneself 为自己seat oneself 坐下make oneself at home 不拘束be oneself 身心自在3. 【高频考点】与it相关的句型it用于某些句型Its (about/high) timethat-从句

39、某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去时，有时也用“should动词原形”)Its the first/second. timethat sb. has/have done 这是某人第几次做某事Its时间段since-从句自从有多长时间了Its时间段before-从句过了多长时间才it作形式主语(宾语)的用法it常作形式主语(宾语)，替代动词不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。(1)it作形式主语的句型Itbeadj. (for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible等。Itbead

40、j.of sb. to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。Itben.(for sb./sth.)to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有：pity, shame, pleasure, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。Itbeadj./n.doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有：no/little use, no/much good, usel

41、ess, fun等。Itben./adj.主语从句。在“It is natural/necessary/important/strangethat从句”中，从句的谓语动词常用“should动词原形”，且should可以省略。 (2)it作形式宾语的情况主语believe/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/makeitadj./n.不定式/动名词/从句。某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用it，然后接从句，有此用法的动词(短语)：like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。4.

42、不定代词both, all, either, any, neither, none都任何一个都不(全部否定)部分否定两者botheitherneithernot eitherboth和not连用三者或三者以上allanynonenot anyall和not连用代词考点的关键能力：在具体语境中使用代词时，应注意以下几点：【高频再现】当句子缺少主语、定语、宾语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看一下所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。作主语：人称代词主格(I、we、you等)。作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me、us、you等)、名词性物主代词(mine、ours、yours等)。作定语

43、：形容词性物主代词(my、our、your等)。如果宾语与主语是指同一人或物，用反身代词(myself、yourself、itself等)。填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。that、those、one作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。【易错提醒】1通过句式结构和“指代”内容判断是否用it(1)如果指代上文提到的同一个事物，则用it；(2)如果指代天气、时间、距离或环境情况，则用it；(3)如果作形式主语或形式宾语，则用it；(4)某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句，此时需先用it作形式宾语，然后接从句，有此用法的动词(短语)有like、dislik

44、e、hate、appreciate、depend on、rely on、count on、see to等。2理清范围，看清句式，确定不定代词(1)两者：二者选其一用either; 二者都不选用neither; 二者都选用both；(2)三者或三者以上：三者或三者以上的任何一个用any; 三者或三者以上都不选用none; 三者或三者以上都选用all；(3)其他：若表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另外一个”用another；若表示“(两者中的)另一个”用the other；若表示“其余的，另外的”，在名词前用other; 若不跟名词且指代复数， 用others。3通过分析指代意义确定替代词(1)若指代

45、前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词则用that，若指代复数形式用those；(2)若指代前面出现过的某类事物中的“一个”则用one，若指代复数形式用ones。【2024年高考命题预测】根据高考考情分析2024年高考将：（1）有可能考查代词词形转换；（2）有可能考查反身代词；（3）有可能考查it预测考向1 考查代词词形转换1.（2024重庆市月考）It has distinguished _（it） by the virtuosity(高超艺)of its rhythmic patterns and had a powerful influence on all the more recent

46、 forms of opera in China, such as Peking Opera. It is hence known as the mother of all Chinese operas. 2.（2024重庆市七校月考）Huawei has always been renowned for _ (it) exceptional camera technology, and the Mate 60 Pro takes it to a new level.3.（2024河北省开学检测）On the first day of the Start of Autumn, usually

47、people will weigh (them) and compare their weight to what it was at the Start of Summer. 预测考向2 考查代词的句法功能1（2024浙江省义乌五校第一次联考）Clay impression was used before the Sui and Tang dynasties and inkpad or red ink paste has been used since the Tang and the Song dynasties. Classified into two categories offici

48、al seals and private seals, Xiyin is still widely used nowadays. Official seals refer to of emperors and officials. 2（2019年北京卷）Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to _ _(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.预测考向3 考查代词it的相关用法1（2018年浙江卷）Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out.2（2018年新课标I卷）But otherwise.its probably running. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give _a try.