专题02必修三Unit2知识梳理-2022-2023学年高一英语第二学期期末复习【牛津译林（2020）版】.docx

1、专题02 必修三Unit2知识梳理-2022-2023学年高一英语第二学期期末复习【牛津译林（2020）版】期末复习方向：1.重点词汇词性拓展2.重点单词讲解3.语法讲解重点词汇词性拓展injure vt.伤害,使受伤;损害injured adj.受伤的一 injury n.伤害,损害 react v.起反应; (对)作出反应;回应reaction n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 signal vi. &vt.发信号,示意;标志 n.信号,暗号;标志;信号灯-signalled（过去式、过去分词）-signalling（现在分词）occur vi. 发生，出现；存在于过去分词:occurred

2、现在分词: occurringsth occurs to sb.想法等浮现在某人脑海中不用于被动语态及进行时relief n.宽慰,轻松;减轻,消除;救济relieve vt.使减轻 destructive_ adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的， 破坏(或毁灭性)的destruct v破坏destruction n破坏inform vt.通知；了解,熟悉informed adj.见多识广的, 消息灵通的 shock vt.使震惊;使气愤 n.震惊,惊愕;剧烈震动 shocked adj.感到震惊的; shocking adj.令人震惊的 scare vt.&vi.惊吓,害怕n.恐慌;惊吓scared

3、 adj.害怕的scary adj.恐怖的,吓人的 power n.电,电力；权力；政权;控制力;能力;能量;力量powerful adj. 强大的，强有力的,效力大 的powerless adj.无力的;无权的 supply n. 补给, 补给品; 供应; 供应量supply and demand供应与需求supply.with.向.提供某物erupt vi.&vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生eruption n爆发donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)donation n.捐赠一donor n.捐赠者,赠送者 curious adj.好奇的;奇特的curiosity n.好奇心curious

4、ly adv.好奇地 对好奇 preserve vt. 保存；保护；维护;贮存,保鲜;保留n.保护区preservation n.维护；保护；保持；保养 import n.进口产品,输入的产品;输入vt.进口,引进export n.出口产品,输出的产品;出口,输出vt.出口, 输出 unbearable adj.难耐的，无法忍受的bearable adj.可以忍受的bear vt.忍受distance n遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远distant adj.遥远的sharp adj.灵敏的;锋利的;急剧的;明显的;尖锐的;强烈的sharply adv.急剧地;明显地;尖锐地;强烈地 -sharp

5、en v. (使)变锋利 locate vt. 找出的准确位置；把安置在(或建造于)location n.地方；地点located adj.位于be located in位于；坐落在rescue n.vt. 救援，营救，抢救rescuer n. 救助者come to ones rescue来营救某人rescue.from.把.从.中营救出来retire vi.vt. 退休，退职retirement n.退休词组集锦escape from逃脱at large整个;全部 hold on to 紧握in case 以防remain still保持不动safe and sound安然无恙to ones

6、 relief使人安心的是blow away吹走;驱散tie down 约束;栓系flood in 大量的涌入Keep ones head(在困境中)保持冷静重点单词讲解injure vt.伤害,使受伤;损害injured adj.受伤的一 injury n.伤害,损害 严重受伤_be/get badly/seriously injured_伤害某人的自尊/情感_injure ones pride/feelings_Luckily, the_injured _(injure) were soon taken to the hospital.react v.起反应; (对)作出反应;回应reac

7、tion n.反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应 作为对的反应 _in reaction to_连锁反应_a chain reaction_对起反应;对作出回应 _react to_反抗，反对_ react against_crash n.碰撞声,破裂声;碰撞;崩溃vi. &vt.碰撞,撞击; 崩溃 撞上某物_crash into sth. _碰撞到上 _ crash sth. into. sth._车祸_a car crash_signal vi. &vt.发信号,示意;标志n.信号,暗号;标志;信号灯示意某人做某事 _signal (to) sb. to do sth._发出信号 _send ou

8、t a signal_接收信号 _receive/pick up a signal _我妈妈在示意我将桌子移开My mother_ is signalling (to) me to remove the table_hug vt.拥抱，搂抱；抱紧n.拥抱；搂抱 给某人一个拥抱_hug sb. =give sb. a hug_热烈地拥抱某人_give sb. a big hug _熊抱某人 _give sb. a bear hug/give a bear hug to sb._occur vi.发生,出现;存在于occurrence n.发生;发生的事情 It seldom occurred_t

9、o_ him to stop and enjoy the scenery. He was so occupied. 当一些学生身上发生不愉快的事情的时候,我们的老师鼓励他们要保持良好的心态。(occur, keep up) When something unhappy occurs to some students, our teachers encourage them to keep up a good state of mind._relief n.宽慰,轻松;减轻,消除;救济relieve vt.使减轻 如释重负；松了口气 _in relief _做某事令人欣慰。 _It is a r

10、elief to do sth. _终于放心了！ _What a relief !_使某人欣慰的是_ to ones relief_inform vt.通知；了解,熟悉informed adj.见多识广的, 消息灵通的information n.信息;消息;情报;资料 通知某人某事 _ inform sb. of sth._随时告知某人某事_keep sb. informed of/about sth._与inform sb. of sth.结构相同的短语还有:治好某人的病 _cure sb. of sth._使某人相信某事 _convince sb. of sth._提醒某人某事 _remi

11、nd sb. of sth_抢某人的某物 _rob sb of sth_使某人摆脱某事 _rid sb of sth_指控某人犯有罪 _accuse sb of sth_怀疑某人某事_suspect sb of sth_shock vt.使震惊;使气愤n.震惊,惊愕;剧烈震动shocked adj.感到震惊的; shocking adj.令人震惊的 处在震惊中 _ in shock_陷入休克状态 _ suffer from shock_极大的震惊_a big/great shock _震惊某人_give sb. a shock_令某人震惊的是_ to ones shock_scare vt.&

12、vi.惊吓,害怕n.恐慌;惊吓scared adj.害怕的scary adj.恐怖的,吓人的 恐吓某人做某事 _scare sb. into doing sth._把吓跑 _scare. off/away _把吓死 _scare/frighten. to death _害怕(做)某事 _be scared/frightened/ afraid of (doing) sth. _害怕做某事_be scared to do sth._恐怖的一刻 _a scary moment_恐怖片_ a scary movie _power n.电,电力；权力；政权;控制力;能力;能量;力量powerful a

13、dj. 强大的，强有力的,效力大 的powerless adj.无力的;无权的 断电_power failure _核能/风能/太阳能_nuclear/wind/solar power _为某人能力所不及 _ beyond ones power _在某人的能力(权力)之内 _within ones power _执政(强调状态)_be in power _supply n.补给,补给品;供应;供应量,储备v.供应,供 给，提供 食物/水/煤气/电供给 _ food/water/gas/electricity supply_供求关系 _supply and demand_供给不足 _ in sh

14、ort supply _一批；许多_ a supply of _为某人提供某物_supply sb. with sth./supply sth. to sb./provide sb. with sth./ provide sth. for sb. _donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)donation n.捐赠一donor n.捐赠者,赠送者 向某人/某机构捐赠某物_donate sth. to sb. /sth._地震发生后,全世界的人向地震灾区捐款捐物。After the earthquake happened, people all over the world donated mo

15、ney and materials to the quake-stricken areas. flood n.洪水,水灾;大量vt. &vi. (被)淹没,泛滥;大量涌入； (感觉或回忆)涌上心头,充满 (河水)泛滥 _ be in flood_大量_a flood of. _从蜂拥而出_flood out of sth._(感觉或回忆)突然涌现 _ flood back _大量收到某物_ be flooded with sth._curious adj.好奇的;奇特的curiosity n.好奇心curiously adv.好奇地 对好奇 好奇做某事 _be curious about._真

16、是奇怪。_It is curious that._唤起某人对的好奇 _arouse ones curiosity about. _出于好奇心_out of curiosity _带着好奇心；好奇地_ with curiosity=curiously _preserve vt. 保存；保护；维护;贮存,保鲜;保留n.保护区preservation n.维护；保护；保持；保养 保护免受 _preserve. from/against (doing) sth. _为而保存某事物_preserve sth. for. _被保存得很好_ be preserved well _成立这个组织是为了保护濒危物

17、种不致灭绝。The organization was set up to_preserve endangered species from extinction. _import n.进口产品,输入的产品;输入vt.进口,引进export n.出口产品,输出的产品;出口,输出vt.出口, 输出 进口税_ import duty_出口许可证_an export permit _从向出口某物_export sth.from. to._beyond adv.在(或向)较远处；在另一边prep.在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出之外 为某人能力所不及 _ beyond ones power _某

18、人无权/没有能力做某事 _ beyond ones power to do sth. _某人做梦也想不到 _beyond ones wildest dreams_难以置信的_beyond belief _超过限度_beyond the limit_超出某人的理解范围_beyond ones comprehension_distant adj.遥远的；冷漠的distance n.遥远，久远;距离；差异；疏远distantly adv.遥远地；冷漠地 从远处，离一段距离 _ at/from a distance _在远的地方 _at a distance of _在步行距离之内 _within w

19、alking distance_(与)保持距离 _ keep ones distance (from.)_与某人保持一定距离 _ keep sb. at a distance _rescue n. &vt.救援，营救,抢救 救援队 _a rescue team _来搭救某人_ come to the/ones rescue _从中/处救_rescue.from._幸运的是，多亏了来救援他们的士兵，他俩都幸免于难。Fortunately, both of them survived_thanks to the soldiers who came to their rescue._sharp ad

20、j.灵敏的;锋利的;急剧的;明显的;尖锐的;强烈的sharply adv.急剧地;明显地;尖锐地;强烈地 sharpen v. (使)变锋利 言语犀利_a sharp tongue _公路上的急转弯 _a sharp bend in the road _他膝盖上的剧痛_ sharp pain in his knee_ What do you mean by that? Paul asked_sharply _(sharp).Anne _sharpened _(sharp) her pencil and started to do her homework.locate vt.找出的准确位置;把

21、 安置在(建造于)location n.地点,位置_Located_(locate) in Shandong Province, Mount Tai is famous for its beautiful scenery.中国位于亚洲的东部，陆地面积约为960万平方千米。China is located in the east of Asia with the area of about 9, 600,000 square kilometres.语法讲解动词不定式可以作句子的主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语 等成分。1）作主语To hear from you is nice.To be

22、 a good teacher is not easy.不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。 Its nice to hear from you.Its not easy to be a good teacher.2）作宾语通常用于afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, choose, continue, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, lo

23、ng, love, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, prove, refuse, seek, threaten, trouble, wait, want, wish等动词后面。I forgot to lock the door.Please remember to write to me.记忆口诀：三个希望两答应（hope，wish，want，agree，promise） 一个要求莫拒绝（demand，refuse） 设法学会做决定（manage，decide） 不要假装在选择（preten

24、d，choose）3）作表语My job is to pick up letters.He seemed to have heard nothing.4）作定语在the first, the second, the third, the last等之后通常接不定式作定语。作定语时须放在被修饰的名词之后：He is always the first one to get up.I have a few words to say on this question.主动形式表被动含义：I have a book to read.It is easy to read.Have you anything

25、 to send?比较：Have you anything to be sent?She is the last to come.He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.5）作宾补通常用于advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, convince, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, instruct, invite, order, permit, persuade, recommend, remind, r

26、equest, require, teach, tell, train, urge, want, warn等词后。 He ordered her to leave at once.He was forced to obey his mothers order.6）作状语不定式作状语时通常表示目的，不定式用作目的状语有两个可能的位置，一是在句首，二是在句末。一般说来，用于句首属于强调性用法，即强调动词的目的。也可用于“be adj. to do”结构中作原因状语。He got up early to catch the first bus.To finish the task on time,

27、we have to work hard.Im happy to hear the news. Im surprised to see him here. only to.往往表示“意想不到”的结果；never to.可以接后续的结果。so.as to., such. as to., enough to., only to.以及too.to.等结构中的不定式也表结果： Her father disappeared, never to be heard again.I went to the bank only to find it was closed.不定式和现在分词作状语的区别1.作目的状

28、语。不定式作目的状语，带有很强的目的性，有时可以把(in order) to do置于句首。而现在分词作目的状语时，目的和伴随兼而有之。多放于句末，与主句用逗号隔开。(In order) to ensure success, we must make a complete and through plan.You should keep it a secret, trying to protect the plan.2.作结果状语。不定式作结果状语表示意外的结果。现在分词作状语表示自然的结果。He returned home many years later, only to find tha

29、t everything had changed.(意外的结果)It rained heavily last night, causing the river to rise.(自然的结果)7）作独立成分to be honest, to begin with, to start with, to tell you the truth, to make a long story shortTo tell you the truth, I told a lie. To begin/start with, lets sing a song.To make a long story short, he

30、 succeeded in passing the exam.8）不定式特殊用法用it作形式主语或者形式宾语动词不定式作主语时，如果主语太长，通常用it作形式主语，将真正的主语动词不定式后置。 For us to learn English well is necessary. It is necessary for us to learn English well.动词不定式作主语时，如果将句子变为疑问句，应使用it作形式主语。To walk to the station takes twenty minutes.Does it take twenty minutes to walk to

31、the station?9）动词不定式作定语时是否要介词动词不定式与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时，如果动词不定式的动词及不及物动词，或者该动词不定式本身有宾语，其后面应加上与之用法相应的介词。 We are looking for a room to live in.但被修饰的名词为place, time, way等时，则往往省略介词。 Thats a nice place to work（in）.10）不定式主动式和被动式作定语区别动词不定式作定语时，如果其表示的动作为句子的主语发出时，该动词不定式一般用主动式；如果动词不定式表示的动作不是句子的主语发出的，该动词不定式应用被动式。例如：

32、I am going to the shop because I have something to buy.（“buy”这个动作是句子的主语“I”发出的，故用主动式to buy）I am going to the shop. Do you have anything to be bought? （“buy”这个动作不是句子的主语“you”发出的，故用被动式to be bought）11）不定式复合结构不定式可以与其逻辑主语一起构成不定式复合结构，其形式：“for+名词/人称代词宾格+带to的不定式”。其中的名词或人称代词宾格与不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系。It is important for

33、 us to learn English well.但当表语表示不定式的逻辑主语的特征属性时要用of，如：good, kind, nice, wise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, rude, impolite, carelessIt is very kind of you to help me. = you are kind to help me.12）当介词but, except, besides之前有一个实义动词do (助动词do及其变化形式除外)时，后面的动词不定式不带to。此外，在can not but/except, can not choose but/except, can not help but/except这三个固定用法中，but/except之后的不定式也不带to。 The enemy could not choose but surrender. I could do nothing except agree to his terms. Can you do nothing but sell the wedding ring?