专题02 阅读理解七选五-十年（2013-2022）高考真题英语试题研究.docx

1、专题02 阅读理解七选五命题分析高考全国卷阅读七选五题型十年前甚至更早就开始考，一只经久不衰，新高考也一直沿用这种题型，可见此题型足以考查学生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。可以说，此题型式高考一直非常受欢迎的一种题型。以下是近十年（2013-2022）全国卷高考七选五实况分析：年份卷别体裁词数题材话题2022年全国甲卷说明文315人与社会一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情全国乙卷说明文316人与社会五种维系异地友谊的方法新高考全国I卷说明文332人与社会如何

2、找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴新高考全国II卷说明文312人与社会介绍写文章的技巧浙江卷1月说明文309人与社会既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐放松的有效建议2021全国甲卷记叙文257人与社会通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法全国乙卷说明文252人与社会晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法新高考全国I卷说明文261人与自我夫妇两人在巴黎的居住的感受浙江卷6月记叙文258人与自我葡萄牙电脑工程师借助网络发展自己的爱好、创办 网站并成功浙江卷1月说明文251人与社会为什么排队时你总是站在最慢的一队这个有趣的现象2020全国卷I说明文252个人生活介绍了几个自我接纳的小技巧。全国卷II说明文220人与社会介绍了表情符

3、号以及在工作交流所带来的优势。全国卷III说明文245人与社会乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来。2019全国卷I说明文265人与自然新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们的身心健康均有好处。全国卷II说明文267工作方法对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。全国卷III说明文214个人学习在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康的交流模式是非常重要的，作者在文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌。2018全国卷I说明文 259家庭生活室内设计中颜色的选择问题全国卷II说明文223个人生活列举了早晨锻炼对人身体的四条好处全国卷III说明文195社会生活介绍了跳舞的好处2017全国卷I记叙文225人与自然作者对野营活

4、动由抵触到喜欢的转变过程全国卷II说明文196工作如何避免工作时被打断全国卷III说明文244个人生活如何做计划建立好生物钟，保持早睡早起的好习惯2016全国卷I说明文195文化科技密码的设置方法和破解的方法全国卷II说明文262家庭生活自己建设花园的具体建议全国卷III说明文201家庭生活买鱼和烧鱼的常识2015年全国卷I议论文314人际交往在关系中重建信任全国卷II说明文242人与社会马拉松锻炼技巧2014年全国卷I说明文310人与社会帮助孩子未来找好工作的建议全国卷II说明文316人与社会在紧张的时间里烹饪的小贴士2013年全国卷I说明文245人与社会描述商业及商业管理的相关知识全国卷I

5、I说明文278人与社会公共演讲训练 题型解读 分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读七选五题解题的关键，英语的语篇（discourse）通常是由句子和语段（sentence group）构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的积句成章，积章成篇就是这个道理。 分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落（

6、paragraph）是在某些语体（如记叙文、议论文）中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。应试技巧技巧一：从细节逻辑上判断-因果关系在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂

7、意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有as a result结果，thus/therefore因此，so (such).如此-以至于等。技巧二：从细节逻辑上判断-转折关系转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。表示转折关系的连接词有：However然而, nevertheless仍然，然而，不过, nonetheless尽管如此，依然，然而, still还;然而, though可是，

8、不过，然而, yet然而, in spite of不顾，不管, at any rate无论如何，至少, in any case无论如何，不管怎样, whoever无论是谁, whatever无论什么，on the contrary正相反, in contrast与此相反, 相比之下, by contrast相反, 相比之下, in comparison比较起来，比较地, by comparison相比之下, conversely相反(地), otherwise否则;除此以外，not-but不是-而是，as well也等。技巧三：从细节逻辑上判断-例证关系前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。

9、例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象(例子、类比等)和抽象(观点)的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。技巧四：从细节逻辑上判断-递进关系递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。表示递进关系的连词有：also也, 而且, further另外(的);, furthermore而且，此外, likewise同样地，照样地;也，又, similarly相似地，类似地, moreover而且再者，此外, in addition另外，加之, whats mor

10、e更重要的是, too也，还, either也, neither两者都不, not onlybut also不但而且等。技巧五：从细节逻辑上判断-平列关系表示列举关系的有：first首先, 第一, second第二, third第三; firstly第一, 首先, secondly第二(点);其次, thirdly第三; first第一, next其次, then那么, 然后; in the first place第一，首先, in the second place第二, 其次; for one thing首先，一则, for another thing其次; to begin with首先，

11、第一, to conclude首先，第一等技巧六：从词汇线索上判断-代词英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。技巧七：词汇线索判断-同义词/近义词英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。技巧八：词汇线索判断：上下义词/同一范畴词上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻

12、松地解题。技巧九：从试题位置上判断-问题在段首假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。另外着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。技巧十：从试题位置上判断-问题在段尾所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找

13、表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。真题回顾【典例一（2022全国甲卷）】Important Thing

14、s to Know When Dining OutCultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. _16_. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family no matter where you are in the world. Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is importan

15、t to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. _17_ . Hands or Utensils (餐具)In India and the Middle East, its considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France e

16、xpect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. _18_, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons. Making Requests _19_ . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake,

17、because it shows the chef that you dont like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. _20_ , the more comfortable youll begin to

18、 feel with its foreign cultural practices.A. The more friends you make in your lifetimeB. The more time you spend in any given countryC. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensilsD. Dont get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurantE. Its a good sign for the chef if you make

19、 a mess around your plateF. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use themG. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal【答案】16. D 17. F 18. C 19. G 20. B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情。【16题详解】根据文章标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out (外出就餐时

20、要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知，D项“Dont get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant (不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误)”符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”对应标题中的“When Dining Out”，同时引起下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family no matter where you are in the wor

21、ld. (知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐无论你在世界的哪个地方)”。故选D。【17题详解】根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. (当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了)”可知，此处讲述了正确使

22、用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them (不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选F。【18题详解】根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In India and the Middle East, its considered very rude to eat with yo

23、ur left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. (在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭)”及下文“instead preferring to use their hands (相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知，C项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils (墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系

24、。故选C。【19题详解】根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you dont like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物

25、中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，G项“It may seem like simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”是关键词，说明，在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。故选G。【20题详解】根据下文“the more comfortable youll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. (你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处

26、指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，B项“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合文意，引出下文。故选B。【典例二（2021新高考全国卷I）】Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner. One reason was: Youll actually show up if you know someone is waitin

27、g for you at the gym, while another read: 36 With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle（微妙）competition. So, how do you find a workout partner? First of all, decide what you want from that person. 37 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with

28、strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner. You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably wont result in a useful response. 38 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gy

29、m. My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number

30、. 39 You and your partner will probably have different skills. 40 Over time, both of you will benefit your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core（核心）of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other. A. Your first meeting ma

31、y be a little awkward. B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C. Youll work harder if you train with someone else. D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E. How can you write a good seeking training partner notice? F. Just accept your differences and learn to wor

32、k with each other. G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 【答案与解析】36【答案】C根据前文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partne.” One reason was: “Youll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”(健身杂志最近刊

33、登了一篇题为感谢健身伙伴的五个理由的文章。一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。”)”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。第一个理由是“Youll if”的结构，根据句式一致的原则，可优先看选项C。在根据句意，C选项正是另一个理由，所以选择项C “Youll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。37【答案】D根据前文“First of all, decide what you want from that person. (首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么

34、。)”和后文“Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility?(或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性?)”，根据关键信息“Or”以及“or”后面的问句，可确定空格处应该也是一个类似结构的问句，可确定答案在DE中。根据内容，空格处应该填写反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以选择项D“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗?)”符合上下文语境。故选D。

35、38【答案】B根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but probably wont result in a useful response. (你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知，选择的伙伴应该是同一个地区的，或者离的

36、比较近。所以选择项B“A workout partner usually needs to live close by. (锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。39【答案】G根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each sess

37、ion, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Any notice for a training partner should include such informat

38、ion. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”中的“notice”以及“such information”符合上下文语境。故选G。40【答案】F根据前文“You and your partner will probably have different skills. (你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能。)”和后文“Over time, both of you will benefit - your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益你

39、的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。)”可知，“different skills”和“both of you will benefit”暗示要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以选择项F“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. (接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。【典例三（2021全国甲卷）】Swap, Dont shop!You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesnt end with bottles, cans

40、, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources（资源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing（or throwing out old clothing）is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-youre-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor? _16_. It

41、s the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. Its really easy to do! Here are a few pointers. Invite 510

42、 people so you have a nice selection. _17_ , and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable. _18_. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their new clothes home. Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room._19

43、_. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take themthings always look different when you put them on.Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn

44、 on a certain song, or whatever. _20_. And dont forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, its a party!A. Less people than thatB. Hold a clothing swapC. If two people are competingD. Just keep music playing throughoutE. Donate whatever clothes are left overF Have everyone put their clothes

45、 in the right spotsG. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition【答案】16. B 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法衣物交换派对，以及一些具体的流程。【16题详解】根据上文“So what to do with all those perfectly- good-but-you re- maybe-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor?（那么，该如何

46、处理那些堆在卧室地板上的（看起来）完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服呢？）”提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。下文“Its the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.（这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的最好方法。）”提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法。所以空白处应起承上启下的作用，承接上文讲到的问题，启下提出的方法。因而空白处是提出了一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项“Hold a clothing swap.（进行衣

47、物交换。）”给出了一种处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合语境。故选B项。【17题详解】根据上文“Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.”（邀请5到10个人，这样你就有一个很好的选择。）说明了应该邀请的人数。下文“and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.”（可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制。）说明多于或少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空白处应是针对下文中的

48、“more than that”提出的相反的假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Less people than that”（少于这些人）提出一种假设，和下文中“more than that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合语境。故选A项。【18题详解】根据下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.”（他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的“新”衣服带回家。）说明去的时候应该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备袋子。G项“Tell everyone to brin

49、g clean clothes in good condition.”（告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服。）说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，都是为交换衣物所做的准备。下文中的also也是提示词，并且其中They指代G项的everyone。所以G项符合语境。故选G项。【19题详解】根据上文“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.”（把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方。）指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Place a few mirrors around your

50、 room so people can see how things look when they try them on.”（在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。）提到了放置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里要做什么。F项“Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots.（让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上。）”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。故选F项。【20题详解】上文“Set a starting time. Maybe you sa

51、y “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever.”（设置开始时间。也许你说“开始”，或者打开一首歌，或者无论什么。）打开音乐或者无论什么，意味聚会开始。下文“And dont forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, its a party!”（别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住，这是个派对！）讲到了聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。因而，空白处应是承接上文，讲述聚会期间要保持应有的内容。D项“Just keep music playing throughout.”（要始终播放音乐。）承上

52、启下，说明在派对上要有音乐，与前文形成意义上的一致，符合题意，故选D项。【典例四（2020全国卷III）】A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the

53、 person on the new home. 36 And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents. 37 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives an

54、d things like curtains. Even if there isnt a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant. 38 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isnt a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a h

55、ousewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39 Housewarming parties get their name

56、 from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 40 Now most homes have central heating and dont use fires to keep warm.A. This isnt usual though.B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.C. You can also bring food or drinks to shar

57、e with the other guests.D. If youre lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the w

58、inter.【答案】36. E 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. G【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取，活动安排和名称的由来。【36题详解】上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully pres

59、ents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。【37题详解】下文Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.和like a piece of art or a plant. 列举了参加聚会所带礼物的清单，可以是厨房工具、窗帘、艺术品或绿植。这些都和参加聚会带礼物有关，B项：

60、带礼物去参加乔迁派对是一种传统，概括了本段内容，引出下文，故选B。【38题详解】本段介绍了聚会的活动安排，根据后文This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn t a lot of food served.(这一点通常是值得赞赏的，因为在乔迁派对上不会提供很多食物)。指出因为新搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。那么本句是在建议你可以带上自己的食物或饮料与其他客人分享搬家，所以主人不会准备太丰盛的食物或太多的活动。C项：你也可以带上食物或饮料与其他客人分享。故选C。【39题详解】本段提到在乔迁聚会上人们会聚餐

61、，主人带领客人参观新家。上句提到，由于乔迁聚会是在搬进新家后不久举行的，人们可能会被要求帮助打开箱子。根据常识可知在乔迁聚会上让客人们帮忙干活是不常见的，A项：但这并不常见。表达了此意，与上文衔接，故选A。【40题详解】上句介绍了乔迁聚会名称的由来，根据bring firewood to a new home as a gift.可知人们会带柴火作为礼物，那么本空承接上文说明了带柴火的目的和作用。G项：这样人们就可以在冬天的时候保持家里温暖。符合语境。故选G。【典例五（2019全国卷III）】In an online class, developing healthy patterns of

62、communication with professors is very important. 36 While I have only listed two of each, these are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic（逻辑）of each to their particular circumstance.Dos 37 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. B

63、efore asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus（教学大纲）and learning management system information to be sure the answer isnt hiding in plain sight. Participate in discussion forums（论坛）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. 38 Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irreleva

64、nt information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.Donts Dont share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. 39 Dont

65、 openly express annoyance at a professor or class. 40 When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professors professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer yo

66、ur comments.A. Thats what they are for.B. Turn to an online instructor for help.C. If more information is needed, they will ask.D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.E. Below are some common dos and don ts for online learners.F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or

67、 another.G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.36. E 第一段第一句话，In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. 提到在在线课堂中，与教授形成良好的交流是至关重要的。第二至五段，则详细介绍了dos 和 donts的内容。由此可见，选项E符合语境。 37. G 根据空格后的Questions about subject conten

68、t are generally welcomed. 本段应与questions这一关键词有关以及根据asking questions等信息可知，选项中，只有G项符合。 38. A 根据本段第一句话，Participate in discussion forums, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue 可知，要参加研讨论坛，加入博客讨论以及其他开放式的对话论坛，因为这些讨论形式就是让学生参与的。选项A符合语境。39. C 根据上一句if you are in need of the professor 可知，如果你想延长截止日期，简明地向

69、教授说明情况即可。通过以上推断，如果想了解更多信息，他们会问你，即选项C符合语境。40. F 该空前一句提到，不要公开表达对教授或者班级的不满。后文说如果教授的专业水平或能力确实令人担忧，一定要使用在线课程评估来冷静地发表你的意见。由此推断，选项F符合文意。【典例六（2017全国卷III）】Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting you

70、r body clock. 36 Heres how to make one. 37 In order to make a change, you need to decide why its important. Do you want to get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or room

71、mates about the change you want to make. Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arranging your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 38 Thats a quarter-hour m

72、ore you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer. Keep your sleep / wake schedule on weekends. If youre tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful. But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study

73、 found. 39 Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After youve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 40 If not, take another look at other methods you could try.A. Get a sleep specialist.B. Find the right motivation.C. A bett

74、er plan for sleep can help.D. And consider setting a second alarm.E. If the steps you take are working, keep it up.F. Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.G. Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.36. C 文章首先提出“很多人早上起床困难”这个问题，并表明作者的观点“早起的关键是调整生物

75、钟”。36题应该是一个可以统领下文的句子，下文的内容主要涉及更好地规划睡眠。因此，选项C符合逻辑。37. B 本题位于所在段落的段首，在分段说明一个话题的行文中，通常使用一个主旨大意句点出本段内容。此处，考生可以根据后面句子的内容做出判断，后句说为了达到相应的变化，要想清楚为什么这个变化很重要，也就是找到合适的动机。选项B符合文意。38. G 本题的下句说“如果我们买一个带有计时器的咖啡壶，早上就可以多睡一刻钟”，关键信息有“咖啡”，“一刻钟”等。选项G句中有“15 minutes”，“coffee”与之呼应，形成完整的语义关系。选项G符合逻辑。39. F 本段主要说明保持周末睡眠时间表的重要

76、性。如果周五没有休息好，希望在周六补偿。但研究发现，这样做会影响下一周的睡眠状况。39题作为本段的尾句，提醒人们无论周几，都要坚持既定的作息时间。选项F符合逻辑。40. E 40题的上句说“尝试新的作息方法一周后，要记得查看记录”，选项E句说“如果你采取的步骤奏效，要保持”和后一句说“如果这样做不适合，就要采取另一种方式”，说明了查看记录后针对不同情况应该怎么做。选项E符合逻辑。【典例八（2018全国卷II）】If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it c

77、an be hard to try and find the time to work out. 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit. Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37 Your metabolism (新陈代谢) gets a head star

78、t. 38 If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep. 39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult t

79、o relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited. 40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive

80、choices.There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.A. You will stick to your diet.B. Your quality of sleep improves.C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.D. There is

81、no reason you should exercise in the morning.E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!36. G 36题所选的句子是一个承上启下的过渡句。根据上文“如果你

82、准备抽出时间锻炼，那很好。”“但是由于忙碌的生活，很难抽出时间锻炼。”引出本文要说的事“晨练不仅对身体健康有益，还能给我们提供额外的好处。”所以G选项符合语境，意为“如果你计划定期锻炼或者现在已经定期锻炼了，那么听好了！”37. E 选项37题的意思是“锻炼后，你的头脑可以保持清醒4-10个小时”，呼应上一句“锻炼会让你更加神清气爽，更好地应对一天当中发生的任何事情。”38. F 38题的上一句说的是，晨练有利于新陈代谢，下一句说的是晨练能帮助消耗卡路里，因此F句“锻炼后，这一天里你将继续消耗卡路里”符合逻辑，因此选F。39. B 39题的下一句讲的是晨练对睡眠的好处，因此B句“睡眠质量得以提

83、高”符合逻辑，因此选B。40. A 40题的下一句讲的是如果晨练，你就更会坚持吃健康的食物，因此A句“你会坚持你的饮食习惯”符合逻辑。【典例九（2016全国卷III）】Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 36 But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants

84、as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult. 37 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. 38 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that youre standing at the oceans edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isnt fresh. 39 When you have bought a fish a

85、nd arrive home, youd better store the fish in the refrigerator if you dont cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isnt as tasty as the fresh one.There are many common methods used to cook fish. 40 First, clean it and season it with your

86、 choice of spices (调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, its ready to serve.A. Do not buy it.B. The easiest is to steam it.C. This is how you can do it.D. It just requires a little kn

87、owledge.E. The fish will go bad within hours.F. When buying fish, you should first smell it.G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.16. G 17. D 18. F 19. A 20. B【解析】试题分析:文章主要介绍了一些买鱼和烧鱼的常识。带有强烈气味的鱼不新鲜，最简单的方法是蒸鱼。16.G 第一句Everyone knows that fish is good for health.”是总写，But 表示转折，说明

88、 But 前面一句是对第一句的解释，G项鱼中的脂肪有助于预防心脏病符合语境，故选 G。17. D由前一句Buying, storing, and cooking fish isnt difficult.可知，购买，存放和烧鱼并非难事，再根据后面一句可知，文章主要介绍了买鱼和烧鱼的简单知识，D 项这仅仅需要一点知识符合语境，此题容易与C项混淆，C项后面应该直接跟烧鱼的方法，即 C项与后一句重复，故选 D。18.F 根据Fresh fish should smell sweet”可知，本段讲的是买鱼的时候要闻一下鱼的气味，故选F。19.A 根据前一句Any fishy or strong smel

89、l means the fish isnt fresh.”可知，带有强烈的味道的鱼都不是新鲜的，不应该买这样的鱼，A项与后句联系紧密，故选 A。20.B 根据Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes”可知，本段介绍的是蒸鱼的方法，故选 B。【典例十（2019全国卷I）】Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?We all grew up hearing people tell us to go out and get some fresh air . 36

90、 According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good. 37 If the air youre breathing is clean which it would be if youre away from the smog of cities then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body w

91、ill learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles（肌肉）and your brain.Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）. 38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looki

92、ng at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood（情绪）. Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 39 It gives us a great

93、feeling of peace. 40 While the suns rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D but still protect your skin put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and thats plenty of tim

94、e for your skin to absorb a days worth of Vitamin D.A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.B. So what are you waiting for?C. Being in nature refreshes us.D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?F. Just as importantly, we t

95、end to associate fresh air with health care.G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.36. E 根据本段第一句话“人们总是让我们出去呼吸新鲜空气”和空格后一句 “回答是肯定的”可知此处应填入一个一般疑问句，即“新鲜空气果真如妈妈总说的那样好吗？” 37. A 文章开头讲述了新鲜空气对人有好处，那接下来应该介绍具体的好处。空白处应是本段的总起句。通过阅读本段后面部分可知，本段主要讲述了远离城市雾霾，到大自然中呼吸新鲜空气对人体带来的好

96、处。而对人体呼吸和氧气供应产生影响的器官，就是肺。只有肺里清洁，呼吸才能畅通无阻，才能让人充满活力。由此推断，选项A更符合常识以及本段大意。38. G 本段空格后提到in these places“在这些地方” 可知，空格处应该是某个地点。此外，本段第一句提到研究人员在研究自然环境和疾病痊愈之间的关系，那么紧接着应该要建立这种接近自然的康复中心，因此选G。39. C 从本段的in these places一直到此空前，作者描述了接近大自然的患者康复更快，再结合此空后“这给了我们平和宁静”可知，此处应为总结句，描述大自然的作用，因此选C。 40. D 该空后一句提到，尽管太阳光线会使人的皮肤老化

97、、受损，但也能提供有益人体的维生素D。由此可知，空格处应该与太阳光线有关。【典例十一（2016全国卷II）】A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum (总和) of its parts? 36 . But it doesnt happen by accident. It starts with lookin

98、g inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. 37 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less wat

99、er and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 38 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. Recall (回忆) your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads v

100、egetable garden might be good or bad, but thats not whats important. 39 how being in those gardens made us feel. If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 40 . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood

101、 memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.A. Know why you gardenB. Find a good place for your own gardenC. Its our experience of the garden that mattersD. Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsF. You can produce that kin

102、d of magical quality in your own garden, tooG. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have【答案】16. F 17. A 18. E 19. C 20. G【解析】试题分析：本文属于说明文，美丽的花园能给我们带来美好的视觉享受，文章中给出了两个自己建设花园的具体建议。16.F 根据前两句提出:你是否参观过那些让你感觉非常好的花园?你也可以自己打造一个属于你自己的花园。故F项“你也可以把你自己的花园搞得那么美好”符合上下文语境。17.A 根据本段前两句可知不同

103、人对花园有不同的看法，再由倒数第二句“然而，有很多原因能够解释你为什么想做园艺”可知我们首先要搞清禁为什么要做园艺。故 A项正确。18.E 本段前两句提出有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，有些人关心少用水少用肥料。本句仍然在说明人们对园艺的不同看法。故E项“还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物”与上下文一致，也是人们对于园艺的观点。19.C 根据前句“那些都不重要”可知画线句强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故C项“重要的是我们做园艺的经历”符合上下文语境。20.G 本部分建议回忆一下小时候所看到的那些花园，并把这些花园的优点写下来，然后制订计划并付诸行动。故G项符合上下文语境。【典例十二

104、（2018全国卷I）】Color is fundamental in home designsomething youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in. Do you want a room thats full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax

105、after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of dec

106、isions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones. 38 . Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than b

107、uying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect

108、 on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .A. While all of them are usefulB. Whatever youre looking for C. If youre exp

109、erimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE. Its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major way

110、s36. B 上文提到，Do you want a room thats full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 你想要一间充满活力的房间吗？职业化的？还是在寻找一处忙碌了一整天后放松的地方？可知，接下来将是对上文的总结，无论你找什么样的房间，颜色是关键。且选项B中的looking for和上文的want和looking for相呼应。37. A 空格上一句提到，多年来，有许多不同的工艺帮助设计师达到这一目标。由此可推断，这些工艺都很有用。选项A中的th

111、em指代的是different techniques。 38. D 上一段结尾提到三种选择: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones。接下来分别一一介绍。且该段中作者提到小物品如小靠垫、镜子、篮子等的颜色可以给房间带来视觉上的乐趣，以及其他好处。由此可知，本段介绍的是small color choices。39. G 该空下一句提到中等物品颜色的选择和小物品作比较的两个方面：一是花费，二是对空间感觉的影响。与选项G中的two major ways相呼应。 40. F 该空上一句提到，大的方面的颜色选择所投入的时间、精力和相关费用都是相当多的。与选项F中的pay相呼应。因而，墙壁、天花板、地板等颜色的选择是你首先要搞定的。