专题03必修三Unit3知识梳理-2022-2023学年高一英语第二学期期末复习【牛津译林（2020）版】.docx

1、专题03 必修三Unit3知识梳理-2022-2023学年高一英语第二学期期末复习【牛津译林（2020）版】期末复习方向：1.重点词汇词性拓展2.重点单词讲解3.语法讲解重点词汇词性拓展billion n. 十亿billionaire n. 亿万富翁obviously adv. 显然，明显地obvious adj access n. 机会，权利；路径，通道accessible adj 易接近的 可进入的 可理解的 assess vt. 评估assessment n. 评估， 评价extent n. 程度，限度；范围extensive adj 广泛的 大量的 广阔的majority n. 大部分

2、，大多数； 多数票major adj 主要的 重要的 n. 主修科目commerce n. 商务；商业；贸易commercial adj 商业的 商务的deliver vt.递送，传送；发表，宣布； 交出delivery n. 递送 交付 deliverable adj. 可传递的 可交付的arrangement n. 安排；布置； 约定；排列arrange v. 安排 整理establish / vt. 建立（关系或联系）； 设立；确立；使得到认可；查实，确定establishment n 确立 制定 实施instant /nstnt/ adj. 立即的，立刻的；方便的 n. 瞬间，片刻；某

3、一时刻instant noodle 方便面instantly adv. 立即地 马上地aware /we(r)/ adj. 知道，意识到；察觉到，发觉；有意识的awareness n. 意识 认识unaware v. 不知道的 无意识的 未察觉的entertainment /enttenmnt/ n.娱乐活动； 招待，娱乐entertain v. 娱乐 招待 款待entertaining adj.令人愉快的mobile /mbal/ adj. 可移动的，非固定的； 行动方便的；流动的 n. 手机mobilize v. 动员 调动mobilization n 动员 调动addict /dkt/

4、n. 对入迷的人；瘾君子addictive adj. 上瘾的 be addicted to 对.上瘾scary /skeri/ adj. 恐怖的，吓人的scare v. 使害怕 受惊吓appreciate /priiet/ vt. 欣赏，赏识；感谢appreciation n. 欣赏appreciative adj. 感激的 赏识的military adj. 军事的 militarily adv .军事地insurance n. 保险 保险费 保险业insure v. 投保 给.保险词组集锦hold a debate about开展场辩论take off(事业)飞腾达have the powe

5、r to有能做to a certain extent在某种程度上at our fingertips了如指掌have sth.delivered运输某物Gone are the days of的去不复返了重点单词讲解access n机会，权利；入径，通道 vt.到达，进入，使用The police gained access through a broken window.n.通道You need a password to get access to the computer system.n.机会，权利The software enables you to access the Intern

6、et in seconds.vt.使用deliver vt.递送，传送；发表，宣布；交出We promise to deliver within 48 hours.递送She is due to deliver a lecture on genetic engineering.发表They delivered their prisoner over to the army.交出appreciate vt.欣赏，赏识；感谢；理解；意识到His talents are not fully appreciated in that company.赏识I would appreciate it if

7、you paid in cash.感谢，感激I dont think you appreciate how expensive it will be.理解，意识到take off 起飞；突然大受欢迎，迅速流行；事业腾达Soon emojis took off throughout the world.很快表情符号就风靡全球了。We eventually took off at 11 oclock and arrived in Juneau at 1：30. 我们终于在11点起飞，1：30到达朱诺。In 1944，he met Edith Piaf，and his career took off

8、.1944年，他遇到伊迪丝琵雅芙，从此他的事业飞黄腾达。这份新杂志真是大受欢迎。The new magazine has really taken off.bring up 使显示在计算机屏幕上，调出；抚养；养育；提出；呕吐In the time it takes to find one book in the library，we can use a search engine to bring up millions of results.在图书馆找一本书所花的时间里，我们可以用搜索引擎找到数百万条的结果。Click with the right mouse button to bring

9、 up a new menu.单击鼠标的右键，调出另一个新菜单。He was brought up in Hannibal，Missouri，along the Mississippi River.他在密西西比河河畔密苏里州的汉尼拔长大。他是由姨妈带大的。He was brought up by his aunt.majority n大部分，大多数；多数票No wonder the Internet has now become the first place that the majority of people turn to for information.难怪互联网现在已经成为大多数人

10、查找信息的首选途径。In the nursing profession，women are in a/the majority.女性在护理行业中占大多数。The majority of people interviewed prefer TV to radio.大多数接受采访的人喜欢看电视，不愿意听收音机。在这个国家中能讲英语的人占多数。People who can speak English are in the/a majority in this country.instant adj.立即的，立刻的；方便的 n瞬间，片刻；某一时刻An instant message，a group c

11、hat，a video call，a comment on an update there are endless ways to share our views or let someone know we care about them. 一个即时消息、一个群聊、一个视频电话、一个更新的评论有无数的方式来分享我们的观点或让别人知道我们关心他们。The injured were in instant need of help.那些伤员急需救助。This account gives you instant access to your money.这个账户让你随时调动款项。演出一炮打响。The

12、 show was an instant success.aware adj.知道，意识到；察觉到，发觉；有意识的As with any great invention，we must be aware of these problems and be careful to use the Internet properly and responsibly.就像任何伟大的发明一样，我们必须意识到这些问题，并恰当地、负责任地谨慎使用互联网。Its of great importance for you to be aware of the contentTang poetry.对你来说，了解内容

13、唐诗，是很重要的。Are you aware that there is something wrong with the computer?你意识到这台电脑出故障了吗？人人都应该知道自己的权利和责任。Everyone should be aware of his rights and responsibilities.addict n对入迷的人；瘾君子I was a smartphone addict.我是一个智能手机上瘾者。Hes only 24 years old and a drug addict.他只有24岁，可已经是一个毒品瘾君子。She is a TV addict and al

14、ways watches as much as she can.她是一个电视迷，总是尽量看电视。一个网络成瘾者通常会做些什么？What an Internet addict usually does?quit vt.& vi.停止，戒掉；离开Sliding into the habit was easy，but it was difficult to quit the habit.不知不觉地形成这种习惯很容易，但想戒除这个习惯却没那么容易。He quit the show last year because of bad health.去年他因身体欠佳而退出了表演。He quit Paris

15、after a week.他一周后离开了巴黎。他已辞去了公司经理的职务。He has quit(ted)as manager of the company.scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的It was scary at first.一开始很吓人。I think prison is going to be a scary thing for Harry.我认为蹲监狱对哈利来说会是件很可怕的事。Theres something very scary about him.他身上有种非常吓人的东西。那一刻真是吓人。It was a really scary moment.appreciate vt.

16、欣赏，赏识；感谢Best of all，I began to appreciate the beauty in life with my own eyes，instead of through my smartphone camera.最重要的是，我开始用自己的眼睛去欣赏生活中的美，而不是通过智能手机的摄像头。We appreciate your efforts for the development of the company.我们感激你对公司发展所做的努力。I dont appreciate being treated like a secondclass citizen.我不愿被人当作

17、二等公民。如果你能帮助我做这件事，我将十分感激。I would appreciate it very much if you could help me with it.cut back on 减少，削减I cannot escape from the modern world，but I can cut back on the amount of time I spend on my smartphone every day，and so I do.我无法逃离现代世界，但我可以减少每天花在智能手机上的时间，而且我也就是这么做的。You should cut down on fats and

18、carbohydrates.你应该减少摄入脂肪和碳水化合物。Were trying to cut down on the amount of paperwork involved.我们正在努力降低有关此事的文书工作量。他少喝咖啡，少抽烟，饮食均衡。He cuts down on coffee and cigarettes，and eats a balanced diet.语法讲解动词ing作定语、状语和宾语补足语一）、动词ing形式作定语1表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于for引导的介词短语。No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading r

19、oom.阅览室里不准大声说话。2和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我弟弟。动词ing表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。You should adapt to the changing situatio

20、n.你应该适应不断变化的形势。The ground is covered with fallen leaves.地上满是落叶。Im looking for a room to live in.我正在找房子住。单句语法填空When we got a call saying(say)she was shortlisted，we thought it was a joke.The girl sitting(sit)next to me was my cousin.Look！There are some leaves floating(float)on the water.There is a pag

21、e missing(miss)from this book.The library being built(build)now will be the biggest one in our city.二）、动词ing形式作状语具体用法1作时间状语常放在句首，相当于一个时间状语从句。Hearing the noise，I turned round.When I heard the noise，I turned round.听到响声我转过身去。2作原因状语相当于一个原因状语从句，也可以放在句首。Being poor，he couldnt afford a TV set.Because he was

22、 poor，he couldnt afford a TV set.由于贫穷，他买不起电视机。3作条件状语相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。Working hard，youll certainly succeed.If you work hard，youll certainly succeed.只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。4作结果状语通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。The fire lasted a whole night，causing great damage.大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。动词ing形式作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，

23、其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，常用only to do结构，其被动形式为only to be done。He was caught in the rain，thus making himself catch a cold.被雨淋后他感冒了。I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday.我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。5作让步状语相当于although/though引导的让步状语从句。Having been told many times，he still repea

24、ted the same mistake.Although/Though he had been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake.虽然被告诉过多次了，但是他仍旧重犯同样的错误。6作方式和伴随状语动词ing表示的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成由连词连接的并列谓语。Mary sat by the window of the classroom，reading a book.Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读书

25、。注意事项1时态以do为例，其ing形式有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)。(1)当表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用动词ing的一般式。Walking in the street，I met an old friend of mine.我走在街上的时候，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)(2)当表示的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用动词ing的完成式。Having finished the letter，he went to post it.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)

26、2语态使用动词ing的主动式还是被动式，主要取决于它和句子主语之间的关系。表示主动关系就用主动式，表示被动关系就用被动式。Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy.被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。Having finished his homework，he went to bed.完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。3动词ing形式的否定式：notv.ing；not havingv.edNot knowing this，he didnt come.他不知道这件事，所以没来。Not having made full prepara

27、tions，we put off the sports meeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。4独立主格结构动词ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。The trees are extremely tall，some measuring over 90 metres.那些树非常高，其中一些高达90多米。The weather being fine，we went out for a walk.由于天气好，我们去散步了。有些动词ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性

28、状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally speaking “一般来说”，judging by/from.“从判断”，taking everything into consideration “从全盘考虑”。Judging from his behaviour，he must be mad.从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。Generally speaking，girls are more interested in literature than boys.一般来说，女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。用动词ing短语改写句子The storm left and had c

29、aused a lot of damage to this area.The storm left，having caused a lot of damage to this areaDo be more careful when you cross the street.Do be more careful when crossing the streetAs it was a wet day，we couldnt go for a walk.It being a wet day，we couldnt go for a walk.Because he did not know how to

30、do it，he went to her for help.Not knowing how to do it，he went to her for help.As soon as she had made the beds，she started making breakfast.Having made the beds，she started making breakfast.三）、动词ing形式作宾语补足语1动词ing形式及其短语可以用在表示感觉的动词(如see，observe，notice，watch，hear，smell，listen to，look at，feel等)以及其他动词(如

31、catch，have，make，get，start，leave，keep，find等)的宾语后面，作宾语补足语。I saw a small girl standing in front of a goldfish pond.我看到一个小女孩站在金鱼缸前。在一些感官、使役动词后既可以接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，也可以接动词ing形式作宾语补足语，其区别是：动词ing形式作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行，不是指全过程；不定式作宾语补足语表示动作的完成，指全过程。I saw the thief getting on the train.我看见那个贼正在上火车。I saw the thief get

32、on the train and disappear.我看见那个贼上了火车，消失了。2用于with复合结构中，作宾语补足语I couldnt do my homework with the noise going on.由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous.这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。用所给词的适当形式填空1. I know you dont like her but try not to make it so (obviously).2. Cultures give us a sense of

33、(belong) in society.3. They are an (establish) company with a good reputation.4. When can you take (deliver) of the car?5. Her voice is (instant) recognizable.6. Local authority child-care provision covers only a tiny (majority) of working mothers.7. Clearance of the site required the (remove) of a

34、number of trees.8. It is still (technical) possible for them to win.9. Many of the women are (addict) to heroin and cocaine.10. It is an investigation into childrens understanding and (appreciate) of art.11. The 1980s brought an (aware) of green issues.12. The movie was not a (commerce) success.13.

35、The aim of the series is both to (entertainment) and inform.14. Prior to the nineteenth century, there were almost no channels of social (mobile).【答案】1.obvious 2.belonging 3.established 4.delivery 5.instantly 6.minority 7.removal 8.technically 9.addicted 10.appreciation 11.awareness mercial 13.enter

36、tain 14.mobility单句语法填空1The waiting(wait)room is always full of all kinds of people.2I saw a stranger coming(come)into the managers office.3The boys gathering(gather)at the school gate are my classmates.4Those wishing(wish)to join this club should sign here.5Having missed (miss)the bus，we had to walk

37、 home.6Watching(watch)the play，she couldnt keep back her tears.7Not knowing(know)how to do it，he turned to the engineer for help.8The student talking(talk)with the foreigners over there is my brother.9When I saw the dog being beaten(beat)by several boys，I came up to stop them.10The man left us stand

38、ing(stand)alone，unable to find any help.语法填空Buying books on the Internet is a great way 1.to save(save)time and money.Online bookstores offer new books and used books 2.saving(save)you a lot of money.Whats more，they are far better pared(compare)to traditional bookstores as they offer much broader ki

39、nds of books.You can either click the kind of ebooks online or type the book title and get it in seconds.Another advantage of 4.shopping(shop)online is that you can also read the book reviews as well as readers reviews to get an idea whether the book is worth 5.buying(buy).Online bookstores offer gr

40、eat discounts，which is a big attraction for book lovers.For book lovers，it is most important 6.to get(get)books in time.Therefore，you need to find a reliable online bookstore that will be able to provide fast deliveries.Here are some tips to use when 7.selecting(select)an online bookstore.Some onlin

41、e bookstores are popular for fiction books；some are for nonfiction books or novels，etc.8.Understanding(understand)their specialization will help you to get the right kinds of books in time.Check whether you 9.will be buying(buy)the books from a thirdparty seller or directly from the websites.Never jump at stores that offer super cheap prices，as books 10.sold(sell)at such low price could be in very bad condition.