专题03 语言学习-2024年高考英语一轮复习主题词汇.docx

1、话题三 语言学习第一部分 话题词汇积累单词&短语1._v.积累，积聚；(数量)逐渐增加2._n.方法；途径；方式；态度；接近，靠近3._n.基础v.以为基础4._v.使迷惑；使混淆5._v.辨别；区分；使表现突出6._vt.解释，说明；交代；讲解7._n.解释，说明；辩解8._n.词语，表达；表情9._adj.流利的，流畅的10._n.语法；文法；语法书11._v.提高；改善，增进；增加12._vt.精通，掌握；控制；征服13._v.克服，解决；战胜，打败14._v.发音；宣判；断言15._n.&adj.标准(的)16._adj.明确的，具体的，独特的17._n.词汇，词汇表18.coinci

2、dence n._19.collapse vi._20.collision n._21.collective adj._22.civilian n._23.classics n._24.capable adj._25.capacity n._prehension n._27.confident adj._28.content n._29._vt.挑战；对怀疑(质疑)30._vt.&vi.庆祝；举行；祝贺31._n.零钱；变化；改变；换乘；替代物32._adj.小心的，谨慎的33._n.慈善事业；慈善34._vt.&vi.追逐；追赶；追捕35._n.化学；化学过程36._n.香烟；纸烟37._n

3、.市民，公民；老百姓38._n.文明；社会文明；文明世界39._adj.经典的；古典的；传统的；最优秀的40._adj.古典的；传统的；经典的41._vt.把分类；将归类42._气候；风气；思潮43._n.教练；长途公车；旅客车厢44._n.同事；同僚45.carry.through_46.catch on_47.举行开幕式_48.take a chance_49.指控，控告某人某事_50.(使)振作起来，(使)高兴起来_51.下国际象棋_52.做选择_53.clear up_54.得出结论_e about_56.在某方面；说到(做)某事_57.与有共同点_58.陪伴某人_59.由组成/构成_

4、60.专心致志于_61.enlarge ones vocabulary._62.express oneself in English fluently_63.养成习惯_64.给某人就如何学英语提出一些建议_65.have a good command of sth._66.have a good knowledge of English_67.坚持_68.提高写作能力_69.用心记_70.参加英语角_词汇拓展1.charge n.(商品和服务所需的)要价，收费；指控；控告；指责；谴责v.收(费);(向)要价；把记在账上；控告；起诉；充电【搭配】 have charge of sth./sb.负

5、责照顾或管理某物或某人in charge of负责管理，主管in the charge of在的管理(负责)之下take charge of管理，负责charge some money for sth.因为某事物而索取钱charge sb.with sth.指控某人做某事，因为某事而控告某人Doctors have_of sick people.医生负责照顾病人。Mr Smith is in_of our class.=Our class is in the_of Mr Smith.我们班由史密斯先生负责。Soon he will take_of the department.他很快会来负责管

6、理这个部门。e about产生；发生How did the differences between British English and American English英国英语和美国英语之间的不同是怎样形成的?When Mother woke up, she didnt know what had _母亲醒来的时候，她不知道发生了什么。【联想】come back回来come by顺便来访come over to过来；顺便拜访come into use开始使用come to an end结束；终止come to oneself苏醒过来；恢复知觉come up to sb.朝某人走去come

7、out出现；出版；发芽come up with提出(想法)come up靠近；某事被提出come across偶然相遇come from来自，出生于come down下来；下落come into being形成；产生come off脱落come to/into power当权；上台come true变成现实；成为事实come on过来；加油；来吧when it comes to sth.当谈及说到活学活用一、阅读下列句子，在空白处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.All good things must come to_end,however beautiful an expe

8、rience is.2.Thank you for writing and allowing me_(clarify)the present position.3. Every time we sit down to eat, we make a_(choose).4.Most of us know we should cut down on fat, But knowing such things isnt much help when it comes to_(shop)and eating.5.A healthy diet should consist _wholefood.二、翻译句子

9、1. The committee has been charged with the development of sport in the region._2.As you get more comfortable and confident with the English you are using,expand your content and style._3.没有足够的证据很难做出决定。(draw a conclusion)_4.我们应当抛开分歧，讨论一下我们的共同点。(have.in common)_答案：单词&短语1.accumulate 2.approach 3.base 4

10、.confuse 5.distinguish 6.explain 7.explanation 8.expression 9.fluent10.grammar 11.improve 12. master 13.overcome14.pronounce 15.standard 16.specific 17.vocabulary18.巧合；同时存在 19.倒塌；崩溃20.碰撞；冲突21.集体的，共同的 22.平民 23.名著 24.有能力的；熟练的；能干的 25.容积，容量；生产能力 26.理解力，领悟力 27.自信的 28.目录 29.challenge 30.celebrate 31.chang

11、e 32.cautious 33.charity 34.chase35.chemistry 36.cigarette 37.citizen 38.civilization39.classic 40.classical 41.classify 42.climate43.coach 44.colleague45.帮助渡过难关 46.流行，理解 47.perform/hold the opening ceremony 48.冒险一试，碰运气 49.charge sb. with sth. 50.cheer(sb.)up 51.play chess52.make a choice 53.天气转晴 54

12、 come to/arrive at/draw/reach a conclusion 55.发生；产生 56. when it comes to(doing)sth. 57.have.in common(with) 58.keep sb. company 59.be composed of/be made up of/consist of 60.concentrate on(doing)sth. 61.扩大词汇量62.用英语流利地表达自己的想法 63.form a habit64. give sb. some advice on how to learn English 65.精通 66.精通

13、英语 67.insist on 68.improve writing skills 69. learn. by heart 70. take part in the English corner词汇拓展1.charge;charge;charge;chargee about;come about活学活用一、1.an 2.to clarify 3.choice 4.shopping 5.of二、1.委员会已被赋予在该地区发展体育运动的职责。2.当你的英文使用得越来越熟练和自信时，增加你的内容和风格。3.It is difficult to draw a conclusion without en

14、ough evidence.4.We should put aside our differences and discuss the things we have in common.第二部分 话题阅读训练（A）七选五Four Tips to Improve Your English VocabularyLearning vocabulary is a big part of learning a language. The more English words you learn, the better you can communicate your needs, ideas, thou

15、ghts and feelings to others in English. _1_ Here are four tips for better vocabulary learning.Write down new words.Its a really good idea to write down useful new vocabulary. _2_ Plus, lots of people learn better when they see things written on paper, rather than just hearing them.Revise new vocabul

16、ary regularly.So, youve got an English notebook full of useful vocabulary to remember. But did you know that if you dont look again at the new words and phrases, you only remember on average 20-25 percent of them? _3_ So make five minutes each day to revise your English vocabulary. The more you look

17、 backwards, the faster you go forwards!Learn from context.“Context” means the text that comes before and after a particular word. _4_ It helps you guess the meaning of words you dont know, it shows you how a word is used in a sentence, and it helps you remember the word for longer.This means learnin

18、g vocabulary by reading and listening is more effective than trying to study word lists. It also means that its better to make a note of how a word is used in a sentence rather than just the word on its own._5_Researchers have found that you need to see or hear a word on average ten times to remembe

19、r it. But you learn it much faster when youre actively using a word.So, besides getting as much exposure to English as you can,take every opportunity to communicate in English with other people.AUse it or lose it!BSee or hear a word more times.CNew words are usually hard to remember.DThats a shockin

20、g waste of time and effort!EIt also refers to the situation in which a word is used. FThe act of writing the words helps you remember them better.GSo what can you do to build your English vocabulary quickly and effectively?答案：1G2F3D4E5A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了提升英语词汇量的几个建议。1前文“The more English words you le

21、arn, the better you can communicate your needs, ideas, thoughts and feelings to others in English.(你学习的英语单词越多，你就越能用英语与他人交流您的需求、想法、想法和感受)”讲了英语词汇量大的好处，下文“Here are four tips for better vocabulary learning. (这里有四个技巧可以更好地学习词汇)”就更好学习词汇提出了四个建议。由此可知，空处应为一个问句承上启下，与G项“So what can you do to build your English

22、vocabulary quickly and effectively? (那么，你可以做些什么来快速有效地建立英语词汇量呢？)”上下文一致，故选G项。2根据小标题“Write down new words.(写下新单词)”可知，本段主要讲述写下新单词的好处。由此可知，F项“The act of writing the words helps you remember them better. (写单词的行为可以帮助你更好地记住它们)”符合本段语境。故选F项。3根据上句“But did you know that if you dont look again at the new words a

23、nd phrases, you only remember on average 20-25 percent of them? (但是你知道吗，如果你不再看新的单词和短语，你平均只记得其中的20-25%？)”可知，只记住了20%-30%的内容，有点浪费时间。由此可知，D项“Thats a shocking waste of time and effort! (这是令人震惊的时间和精力浪费！)”能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D项。4根据前文“Context” means the text that comes before and after a particular word.(“语境”是指特定

24、单词之前和之后的文本)”可知，空处应会继续解释“context”，然后再谈语境的好处。由此可知，E项“It also refers to the situation in which a word is used. (它也指使用单词的形势)”能够承接上文，符合语境。故选E项。5根据下文“Researchers have found that you need to see or hear a word on average ten times to remember it. But you learn it much faster when youre actively using a wor

25、d.(研究人员发现，你需要平均看到或听到一个单词十次才能记住它。但是当你积极使用一个单词时，你会学得更快)” 及“So, besides getting as much exposure to English as you can, take every opportunity to communicate in English with other people.(因此，除了尽可能多地接触英语外，还要抓住一切机会与其他人用英语交流)”可知，主要讲述了使用单词的重要性。由此可知，A项“Use it or lose it! (要么使用它，要么失去它！)”适合作本段小标题。故选A项。（B）阅读理解

26、For centuries, Central Americas Garifuna people have kept the cultures spoken history alive through their ancestors native language. But decades of modernization, random native-language training in Garifuna schools, intermarriage between cultures, and the ridicule (嘲笑) of young people who speak the

27、language, together led to Garifuna being listed on the UNESCO Atlas (地图集) of Endangered Languages in 2001.The threat of language extinction isnt new. Some linguists estimate that a language dies every two weeks, as some languages become important tools for social and economic exchange, while others

28、are pushed to the margins (边缘). But there are ways to save at-risk languages as well. The key is that the language needs to be thought of less as preserved, “but indeed part of their present and future life,” says Liliana Sanchez, a linguist and professor at the University of Illinois.Thats exactly

29、what the Garinagu (Garifuna people) are doing. For the past two decades, Garifuna artists have used a cultural cornerstonespirited dance musicto inspire young Garinagu to learn and share their native language. Now, with a new Garifuna Tourism Trail project in Belize, travelers can experience and sup

30、port the cultural revival, too.Palacio, a leader in the cultural revival, gathered Garifuna musicians across Central America to form a band named the Garifuna Collective in 2007. Their Garifuna lyrics sent a powerful message: Its time to defend our culture. With multiple world tours and internationa

31、l music awards later, the Garifuna Collective put Garifuna on the international map and took Belize along with it. Although Palacio passed away in 2008, his lyrics and the work of Garifuna musicians lit a cultural flame for Garinagu worldwide.Will music save the Garifuna language? Time will tell. Ga

32、rifuna remains on UNESCOs endangered-language list, last updated in 2010. And, as the Hawaiians just learned from revitalizing (使恢复生机) their own language, this kind of revival is a long, multi-generational road.1What is the first paragraph mainly about?AThe origin of the Garifuna language.BReasons f

33、or Garifunas being endangered.CThe endangered languages of 2001.DWays to save the Garifuna language.2What is Liliana Sanchezs opinion on saving at-risk languages?AThey should be protected by singing songs.BThey should be preserved as much as possible.CThey should be made use of in everyday life.DThe

34、y should be advertised by tourists.3How does the author like Palacios work?AOverwhelming.BChallenging.CInteresting.DRewarding.4What can we learn from the last paragraph?AGarifuna has been removed from the list.BMusic is sure to save the Garifuna language.CItll take great efforts to preserve Garifuna

35、.DHawaiians are better at protecting their culture.答案：1B2C3D4C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了被列入濒危语言的Garifuna语濒危的原因以及拯救Garifuna语所做出的努力。1主旨大意题。根据第一段“For centuries, together led to Garifuna being listed on the UNESCO Atlas (地图集) of Endangered Languages in 2001. (几个世纪以来，中美洲的Garifuna人通过他们祖先的母语保留了这种文化的口语历史。但是几十年的现代化进

36、程、Garifuna学校里随意的母语培训、不同文化间的通婚以及说这种语言的年轻人的嘲笑，这些都导致Garifuna在2001年被联合国教科文组织列入濒危语言地图册。) ”可知本段主要介绍Garifuna濒临灭绝的原因。故选B。2推理判断题。根据第二段“But there are ways to save at-risk languages as well. The key is that the language needs to be thought of less as preserved, “but indeed part of their present and future life

37、,” says Liliana Sanchez, a linguist and professor at the University of Illinois. (但是也有一些方法可以拯救濒临灭绝的语言。关键在于，这种语言不应该被认为是被保存下来的，“而是他们现在和未来生活的一部分，”伊利诺伊大学(University of Illinois)语言学家、教授莉莉安娜桑切斯(Liliana Sanchez)说。)”可知Liliana Sanchez认为拯救濒危语言应该在生活中利用语言，让语言成为生活的一部分，故选C。3推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Although Palacio passed a

38、way in 2008, his lyrics and the work of Garifuna musicians lit a cultural flame for Garinagu worldwide. (尽管Palacio于2008年去世，但他的歌词和Garifuna音乐家的作品为Garinagu在全球范围内点燃了文化之火。)”可知作者觉得Palacio的作品是有意义的，故选D。4推理判断题。根据最后一段“Will music save the Garifuna language? Time will tell. Garifuna remains on UNESCOs endangere

39、d-language list, last updated in 2010. And, as the Hawaiians just learned from revitalizing (使恢复生机) their own language, this kind of revival is a long, multi-generational road. (音乐能拯救Garifuna语吗?时间会证明一切。Garifuna语仍在联合国教科文组织濒危语言名录上，上一次更新是在2010年。而且，正如夏威夷人刚刚从复兴他们自己的语言中学到的，这种复兴是一条漫长的、多代人的道路。)”可知拯救Garifuna

40、语还有很长的路要走，也就是保护Garifuna需要很大的努力。故选C。（C）完形填空While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this _21_ process and found something that has changed my experience at college for the better:I discov

41、ered ASL American Sign Language (美式手语). I never felt an urge to _22_ any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The _23_ languages were enough in all my interactions (交往). Little did I know that I would discover my love for ASL. The _24_ began during my first w

42、eek at college. I watched as the ASL Club _25_ their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very _26_ of communicating without speaking _27_ me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the _28_. This newness just left me wanting more. After that, feeling the ne

43、ed to _29_ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings. I only learned how to _30_ the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by my slow progress, I was excited. I then made it a point to _31_ those meetings and learn all I could. The following term, I _32_ an ASL class.

44、The professor was deaf and any talking was _33_. I soon realised that the silence was not unpleasant. _34_, if there had been any talking, it would have caused us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the _35_ way of communication it opens.21AsearchingBplanningCnaturalDformal22AchooseBrea

45、dClearnDcreate23AofficialBforeignCbodyDspoken24AmeetingBtripCstoryDtask25ArecordedBperformedCrecitedDdiscussed26AideaBamountCdreamDreason27AdisturbedBsupportedCembarrassedDattracted28AendBpastCcourseDdistance29AexerciseBexploreCexpressDexplain30AprintBwriteCsignDcount31AchairBsponsorCattendDorganise

46、32AmissedBpassedCgave upDregistered for33AprohibitedBwelcomedCignoredDrepeated34ALastlyBThusCInsteadDHowever35AeasyBpopularCquickDnew答案：1A2C3D4C5B6A7D8B9B10C11C12D13A14C15D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者大学经历的事情：作者发现了美国手语。1考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我自己也经历了这个搜索的过程，并发现了一些改变我大学经历的事情：我发现了美国手语。A. searching搜索的；B. planning计划的；C.

47、natural自然的；D. formal正式的。根据前文“college sets the stage for that exploration.”以及后文“and found something”可知，此处为我自己也经历了这个搜索的过程，并发现了一些改变我大学经历的事情。故选A项。2考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以前从未有过学习手语的冲动。A. choose选择；B. read读；C. learn学习；D. create创造。根据下文“I only learned how to_10_the alphabet”可知，此处为我以前从未有过学习手语的冲动。故选C项。3考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我所

48、有的互动中，口头语言就足够了。A. official官方的；B. foreign外国的；C. body身体的；D. spoken口头的。根据“were enough in all my interactions.”可知，此处为在我所有的互动中，口头语言就足够了。故选D项。4考查名词词义辨析。句意：故事发生在我上大学的第一周。A. meeting会议；B. trip旅行；C. story故事；D. task任务。根据下文作者详细叙述发生的事情可知，此处为故事发生在我上大学的第一周。故选C项。5考查动词词义辨析。句意：我观看了美国手语俱乐部表演他们翻译的一首歌。A. recorded记录；B. p

49、erformed表演；C. recited背诵；D. discussed讨论。根据“their translation of a song”可知，此处为我观看了美国手语俱乐部表演他们翻译的一首歌。故选B项。6考查名词词义辨析。句意：手势和不用说话就能交流的想法都吸引了我。A. idea想法；B. amount数量；C. dream梦想；D. reason原因。根据“communicating without speaking”可知，此处为手势和不用说话就能交流的想法都吸引了我。故选A项。7考查动词词义辨析。句意：手势和不用说话就能交流的想法都吸引了我。A. disturbed分布；B. sup

50、ported支持；C. embarrassed(使)尴尬；D. attracted吸引。根据上文手势和不用说话就能交流的想法可知，此处为手势和不用说话就能交流的想法都吸引了我。故选D项。8考查名词词义辨析。句意：我所看到的与我过去所经历的完全不同。A. end结局；B. past过去；C. course课程；D. distance距离。根据语境可知，此处为我所看到的与我过去所经历的完全不同。故选B项。9考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，我觉得有必要进一步探索，于是决定去参加一个美国手语俱乐部的会议。A. exercise锻炼；B. explore探索；C. express表达；D. expla

51、in解释。 根据“I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings.”决定去参加一个美国手语俱乐部的会议，故可推知，此处为我觉得有必要进一步探索，于是决定去参加一个美国手语俱乐部的会议。故选B项。10考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天我只学会了怎么用字母签名。A. print打印；B. write写；C. sign签名；D. count计数。根据“the alphabet that day.”可知，此处为那天我只学会了怎么用字母签名。故选C项。11考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，我决定参加这些会议，并尽可能地学习。A. chair主持；B. spons

52、or赞助；C. attend出席；D. organize组织。根据“those meetings and learn all I could.”可知，此处为我决定参加这些会议，并尽可能地学习。故选C项。12考查动词和动词短语词义辨析。句意：接下来的学期，我注册了一个美国手语班。A. missed错失，想念；B. passed传递；C. gave up放弃；D. registered for注册。根据“for an ASL class”可知，此处为接下来的学期，我注册了一个美国手语班。故选D项。13考查形容词词义辨析。句意：教授是个聋子，禁止讲话。A. prohibited被禁止的；B. wel

53、comed受欢迎的；C. ignored忽视的；D. repeated重复的。根据“The professor was deaf”可知，此处为教授是个聋子，禁止讲话。故选A项。14考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，如果有谈话的话，我们就会学到更少的东西。A. Lastly最后；B. Thus因此；C. Instead相反；D. However然而。根据上下文句意可知，此处为上下文逻辑的相反，即相反，如果有谈话的话，我们就会学到更少的东西。故选C项。15考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，我欣赏这种沉默以及它所开启的新的交流方式。A. easy简单的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. quick迅速的；D. new新的。根据“I appreciate the silence”以及“communication it opens.”可知，此处为我欣赏这种沉默以及它所开启的新的交流方式。故选D项。