专题04 阅读理解之人物介绍-五年（2018—2022）高考英语真题精选分类训练.docx

1、 04 人物介绍Passage1（2022年全国甲卷之C篇）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇人物介绍事例阐述322travelAs Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forge

2、t.Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.

3、After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, t

4、he southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what Id find there and I wasnt nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers shed

5、never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water li

6、ke some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.28. Which of the following best explains “

7、take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.C. Bring back lost memories.D. Stick to a promise.29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?A. Lovely penguins.B. Beautiful scenery.C. A discount fare.D. A friends invitation.30. What does Ginni think ab

8、out Antarctica after the journey?A. It could be a home for her.B. It should be easily accessible.C It should be well preserved.D. It needs to be fully introduced.31. What is the text mainly about?A. A childhood dream.B. An unforgettable experience.C. Sailing around the world.D. Meeting animals in An

9、tarctica.【答案解析】【答案】28. A 29. C 30. C 31. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国

10、巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest (当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deal

11、s on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego. (正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. (意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，

12、应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。【31题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Ginni Balinton去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一段“These gentle lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. (这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行)”和倒数第二段Ginni Balinton对南极之旅的评价可知，文章主要

13、介绍了Ginni Balinton去南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。由此可知，An unforgettable experience. (一次难忘的经历)能够概括文章主旨。故选B。【词汇积累】have a deep love for 深爱 career 职业 professional职业的 long to 渴望eventually 最终 witness目睹，见证 leave an impression on 给留下印象 creature 生物 operatic adj.歌剧的；歌剧风格的【长难句析】1. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventu

14、ally flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.【分析】本句含有一个 when引导的时间状语从句；it was time to take the plunge.为固定短语，意为：该做某事了。【翻译】当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终飞上了安乐窝，她决定是时候冒险了。 2. I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it

15、 was smiling at us. 【分析】本句 the first time为名词性连词引导时间状语从句，先行词为a place； it was smiling at us为省略了that的宾语从句。【翻译】我记得我第一次看到座头鲸的时候; 它刚刚浮出水面，就像史前生物一样，我以为它在对我们微笑。 Passage2（2022年1月浙江卷之A篇）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇工作学习事例阐述356specialistFor nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. He

16、r pet transport job was born of the financial crisis（危机）in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the

17、road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didnt take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job. Merebeths pet delivery service also satisfies

18、 her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding an

19、d storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas. This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left

20、home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking. It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30 000 per year before tax. She doesnt work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the anima

21、ls in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restlessthe same old wanderlust returning. Its a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, When I am on the road, Im just in my own world. Ive always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animal

22、s.1. Why did Merebeth changed her job?A. She wanted to work near her home.B. She was tired of working in the office.C. Her sister asked her to move to Denver.D. Her former employer was out of business.2. The word wanderlust in paragraph 2 means a desire to _?A. make money.B. try various jobs.C. be c

23、lose to nature.D. travel to different places.3. What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?A. She has chances to see rare animals.B. She works hard throughout the year.C. She relies on herself the whole time.D. She earns a basic and tax-free salary.【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Merebeth从事的

24、新工作。近十年来，她一直是一名自营宠物运输专家。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.（她曾在一家房地产公司做了10年的办公室经理，经济低迷打击了这家公司。 公司破产了，她只好另寻新工作）”，可知，Merebeth之所以换工作，是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选D。【2题详解】词义猜测题。根据

25、第二段中“It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers.（她自豪地说，除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄勒冈州，她走遍了美国所有的州。如果她想去一个新的地方，她只需要找到一个有交通需要的宠物。 她风雨无阻地旅行）”，可知

26、，划线词的意思是“渴望去不同的地方旅行”。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When I am on the road, Im just in my own world. Ive always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.（当我在路上的时候，我只是在自己的世界里。 我一直很独立，我强烈地觉得我必须帮助动物）”，可知，Merebeth在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。故选C。【词汇积累】financial crisis金融危机estate n.房地产wanderl

27、ust n.流浪癖；漫游癖；旅游热【长难句析】1. She moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. 【分析】本句含有一个when 引导的时间状语从句，because 为原因状语从句。【翻译】在她一岁的时候，她举家从加拿大搬到了加州，因为他想让他们一起探索一个新的地方。2. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home

28、 to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking. 【分析】本句含有一个As soon as 引导的时间状语从句，where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking.为定语从句，先行词为the Californian coast。【翻译】高中一毕业，她就离开了家，住在加利福尼亚海岸外的卡特琳娜岛，远离了她的父母，在那里她

29、享受着帆船和越野自行车的生活。 Passage3（2021年6月浙江卷）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇演艺生涯事例阐述305comedyLeslie Nielsens childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career (职业) in acting.

30、Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no-talent, he moved forward, gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television appearance a few years later in 1948. However, becoming a full-time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another

31、eight years until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him noticed. But even then, what he had wasnt quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It wasnt until 1980 32 years into his care

32、er that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly. Did Nielsen then feel content in his career? Yes and

33、 no. He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that he always felt he should do but even during his last few years, he always had a sense of curiosity, wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the comer. He never stopped working, never retired. Leslie Nielsens devotion to acting is won

34、derfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life.1. Why did Nielsen want to be an actor?A. He enjoyed watching movies.B. He was eager to earn

35、money.C. He wanted to be like his uncleD. He felt he was good at acting.2. What do we know about Nielsen in the second half of his career?A. He directed some high quality movies.B. He avoided taking on new challenges.C. He focused on playing dramatic roles.D. He became a successful comedy actor.3. W

36、hat does Nielsens career story tell us?A. Art is long, life is short.B. He who laughs last laughs longest.C. Its never too late to learn.D. Where theres a will theres a way.【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Leslie Nielsen的演艺生涯。【1题】细节理解题。通过文章第一段“his uncle, who was a well-known actor. The admirati

37、on and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career in acting. (他的叔叔，是一位著名的演员。Nielsen的叔叔所赢得的钦佩和尊重激励他走上了演艺事业)”可知，Nielsen想当演员的原因是想像他叔叔一样。故选C项。【2题】细节理解题。通过文章第二段“That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success ev

38、en when movie reviewers would not rate it highly. (这部电影使他进入了职业生涯的后半段，即使影评人对这部电影评价不高，但仅仅凭他的喜剧表演就可以使这部电影获得经济上的成功)”可知，在Nielsen职业生涯的后半段，他成了一个成功的喜剧演员。故选D项。【3题】推理判断题。通读全文，再结合文章最后一段“He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a sin

39、gle desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life. (他凭借平凡的努力和决心建立了一个非常成功的事业。他告诉我们，即使是只有一个愿望，永不放弃，也能成就非凡的人生)”可推知，Nielsen的职业经历告诉我们：有志者事竟成。故选D项。【词汇积累】 admiration n.钦佩，赞美 uphill adj.adv.上坡的，向上的 distinguished adj.卓越的，杰出的 comedic adj.喜剧的 financial adj.财政的，金融的【长难句析】1. Even though he often felt

40、he would be discovered to be a no-talent, he moved forward, gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television appearance a few years later in 1948. 【分析】本句Even though 引导的是让步状语从句，主句为he moved forward，gaining为现在分词做结果状语。【翻译】尽管他经常觉得自己会被发现是一个没有才华的人，但他继续前进，获得了邻里剧场的奖学金，并在几年后

41、的1948年首次在电视上露面。 2. That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly. 【分析】本句的where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success是定语从句，when movie reviewer

42、s would not rate it highly为时间状语从句。【翻译】这部电影让他进入了职业生涯的后半段，在这段时间里，即使影评人评价不高，他的喜剧表演也能让一部电影获得经济上的成功。 Passage4（2020全国新高考1阅读B）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇励志人物事例阐述318willpowerJenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore frui

43、t when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelors degree.Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After

44、 high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.Jennifer now is married and has three children of her o

45、wn. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Josephs Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. Sh

46、e could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.Through it all, she remained

47、in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers, she says. However, her child

48、ren have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and thats pretty powerful.4. What did Jennifer do after high school?A. She helped her dad with his work.B. She ran the family farm on her own.C. She

49、supported herself through college.D. She taught her sisters and brothers at home.5. Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Josephs Hospital in Marshfield?A. To take care of her kids easily.B. To learn from the best nurses.C. To save money for her parents.D. To find a well-paid job the

50、re.6. What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?A. Her health.B. Her time with family.C. Her reputation.D. Her chance of promotion.7. What can we learn from Jenifers story?A. Time is money.B. Love breaks down barriers.C. Hard work pays off.D. Education is the key to success.【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B

51、7. C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。4.细节理解题。根据第二段的After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.(高中毕业后，Jen

52、nifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育)可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。C. She supported herself through college.(她自食其力读完了大学)符合以上说法，故选C项。5.细节理解题。根据第三段的She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Misnistry Saint Josephs Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree

53、 close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子)可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。A. To take care of her kids easily.(为了方便照顾她的孩子)符合以上说法，故选A项。6.细节理解题。根据最后

54、一段的Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.(Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动)可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。B. Her time with family.(她与家人的时光)符合以上说法，故选B项。7.推理判断题。根据最后一段的Through it all, she remind in good

55、academic standing and graduated with honors.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and thats the pretty powerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中

56、得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励-这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到:努力总会有回报。C. Hard work pays off.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。【词汇积累】 willpower n.意志力，毅力 typical adj.典型的，有代表性的 pursue v.追求，致力于 pay her tuition付学费学费 sacrifice牺牲achieve her goal 实现目标i

57、nspiration 灵感【长难句析】1. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. 【分析】本句含有一个原因状语从句because there was no extra money set aside for a college education，working to pay her tuition为现在分词

58、短语做伴随状语。【翻译】高中毕业后，詹妮弗上了当地的一所技术学院，她靠打工来支付学费(学费)，因为没有多余的钱供她上大学。 2. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.【分析】本句 giving up 和 missing important events to study为现在分词短语做伴随状语.；to study为动词不定式做important events 的定语。【翻译】Jennifer为了实

59、现她的目标牺牲了(牺牲)，为了学习，她放弃了很多和孩子在一起的夜晚，错过了重要的活动。 Passage5（2020年北京卷之C篇）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇科学技能事例阐述409techniquesFor the past five years, Paula Smith, a historian of science, has devoted herself to re-creating long-forgotten techniques. While doing research for her new book, she came across a 16th-century Fren

60、ch manuscript（手稿）consisting of nearly 1,000 sets of instructions, covering subjects from tool making to finding the best sand. The authors intention remains as mysterious（神秘）as his name; he may have been simply taking notes for his own records. But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didnt

61、truly grasp any of the skills the author described. You simply cant get an understanding of that handwork by reading about it, she says. Though Smith did get her hands on the best sand, doing things the old-fashioned way isnt just about playing around with French mud. Reconstructing the work of the

62、craftsmen（工匠）who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, and what went on in the workshops that produced them. It can even help solve present-day problems: In 2015, scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eve problems could ki

63、ll a drug-resistant virus. The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was made in order to preserve it. Whats more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down. Scholars have seen this idea in practi

64、ce with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures were painted a rainbow of striking colours. We cant appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originally appeared-something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map. Smith has put the manuscripts ide

65、as into practice. Her final goal is to link the worlds of art and science back together: She believes that bringing the old recipes to life can help develop a kind of learning that highlights experimentation, teamwork, and problem solving. Back when sciencethen called “the new philosophy”took shape,

66、 academics looked to craftsmen for help in understanding the natural world. Microscopes and telescopes were invented by way of artistic tinkering（修补）, as craftsmen experimented with glass to better bend light. If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can m

67、arry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors.38. How did Smith, feel after reading the French manuscript?A. Confused about the technical terms.B. Impressed with its detailed instructions.C. Discouraged by its complex structure.D. Shocked for her own lack of hand skills.39

68、. According to Smith, the reconstruction work is done mainly to _.A. restore old workshopsB. understand the craftsmenC. improve visual effectsD. inspire the philosophers40. Why does the author mention museums?A. To reveal the beauty of ancient objects.B. To present the findings of old science.C To h

69、ighlight the importance of antiques.D. To emphasise the values of hand skills.41. Which would be the best title for this passage?A. Craftsmen Set the Trends for ArtistsB. Craftsmanship Leads to New TheoriesC. Craftsmanship Makes Better ScientistsD. Craftsmen Reshape the Future of Science【答案】38. D 39

70、. B 40. D 41. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述科学家Paula Smith致力于对古代手工技能的研究，认为科学家如果能够把古代的手工技能和现代的科学方法结合起来，就能够创造更大成就。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But Smith was struck mainly by the fact that she didnt truly grasp any of the skills the author described. You simply cant get an understanding of that handwork by reading abo

71、ut it, she says.” 让史密斯震惊的主要是，她并没有真正掌握作者所描述的任何技能。她说:“你根本无法通过阅读来了解这些手工作品。” 由此可知读完这份法国手稿，这种手工技能让史密斯感到震惊，故选D。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Reconstructing the work of the craftsmen（工匠）who lived centuries ago can reveal how they viewed the world, what objects filled their homes, ” 重建几个世纪前工匠的作品，可以揭示他们如何看待世界，他们的家里有什

72、么物件。由此可知，重建工作主要是为了了解工匠。故选B。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The work has also brought insights for museums, Smith says. One must know how on object was made in order to preserve it. Whats more, reconstructions might be the only way to know what treasures looked like before time wore them down.” 史密斯说，这项工作也给博物馆带来

73、了深刻的见解。为了保存它，一个人必须知道一件物品是如何制成的。更重要的是，重建可能是唯一的方法，以了解宝藏磨损之前的样子。因此可知，博物馆要想很好保存物品，必须要知道这件物品是如何制成的，也是在强调手工技能的价值，故选D。【41题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors. ”史密

74、斯说，如果我们能重新发现实践经验和工艺的价值，我们就能将现代的最好见解与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。由此可知本文的中心思想就在于如果科学家能把古代的手工技巧同现代的理论结合起来，就能够获得更多的成就。C选项Craftsmanship Makes Better Scientists工艺造就了更好的科学家，符合文章主题，适合做标题，故选C。【点睛】标题猜测题。属于主旨大意题的一种，标题应位于文章之首，概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，或句子。确定文章标题，第一，标题要与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容，不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；第三，标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题

75、应新颖，概括性强并且精炼。小题4中C选项概括文中主旨大意，与主题密切相关，故选C。【词汇积累】techniques n.技术；方法manuscript 手稿 consist of 含有，有.组成mysterious 神秘craftsmen 手工艺人 ancestors祖先drug-resistant adj.耐药的；抗药性的【长难句析】1. If we can rediscover the values of hands-on experience and craftwork, Smith says, we can marry the best of our modern insights w

76、ith the handiness of our ancestors. 【分析】本句含有一个If 引导的条件状语；says后含有一个宾语从句we can marry the best of our modern insights with the handiness of our ancestors。【翻译】史密斯说，如果我们能重新发现亲身体验和手工制作的价值，我们就能把我们现代最好的见解与我们祖先的灵巧结合起来。 2. We cant appreciate these kinds of details without seeing works of art as they originall

77、y appeared-something Smith believes you can do only when you have a road map. 【分析】本句含有一个省略了that的定语从句Smith believes，先行词为something；定语从句又含有一个宾语从句you can do；when you have a road map为时间状语从句。【翻译】如果没有看到艺术品最初的样子，我们就无法欣赏这些细节史密斯认为只有当你有一张路线图时，你才能做到这一点。 Passage6（2020年天津卷之B篇）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇人物故事事例阐述461statue“The

78、y tell me that youd like to make a statue(塑像) of me-is that correct, Miss Vinnie Ream?”The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl. Asking a favor of the President of the United States was no casual matter, especially for a seventeen-year-old girl.“Yes, sir,” she replied, her dark eyes meeti

79、ng his. “I wouldnt have duo ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan to make it in an admirable manner. “President Lincoln smiled. “Painters, sculptors-theyve all tried to make the best of this ordinary face, but Im afraid theres not much hope. What did you have in mind, Miss Ream

80、? A bust(半身像)?”Before Vinnie could say yes, the President hurried on, a shade of apology in his voice.“Of course-I shouldnt have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size. “Vinnies face turned red. She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure

81、. “Small does not mean weak, sir,” she defended herself. “I was born in the country of Wisconsin. Ive driven teams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay(粘土) figure would not exhaust my strength-and that is what I intend to do!”The Presidents eyes, brightened at her show of spirit. “

82、Sorry, madam, I have underestimated you as I didnt know your background.”But his smile faded as he rubbed his beard with bony fingers, in thought. “Miss Ream,” he sighed, “Id like to let you do it, but as you know, we are in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculp

83、ture now? I hardly have a minute to myself.”Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office. “I work quickly,” she said. Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete

84、most of the project while you are at your desk.”The President seemed to consider her idea seriously. He got up and shook Vinnies hand warmly, “Ive heard that you are a talented young woman, and I have found you charming and intelligent as well. I cannot make my decision immediately, but you will hea

85、r from me soon.”The very next day, Vinnie received an invitation from the President.41. What gave Vinnie confidence to make her request of President Lincoln?A. Her aggressive personality.B. Mr. Millss encouraging remark.C. President Lincolns gentle voice.D. Her interest in a challenging job.42. How

86、did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnies request?A. Pleased. B. Thrilled. C. Regretful. D. Doubtful.43. Vinnie confirmed her ability to make a full-length statue by highlighting _.A. her experience from other projectsB. her innocent childhood in the countryC. the heavy labor she had done befor

87、eD. the skill she picked up in Wisconsin44. Vinnie wanted to choose the corner near the windows to _.A. achieve effects of natural lightingB. keep all her tools within easy reachC. observe the President at a right angleD. avoid disturbing the presidents work45. What message does the story convey?A.

88、A strong-willed soul can reach his goal.B. Experience helps to promote excellence.C. Ups and downs make one strong.D. Devotion requires enthusiasm.【答案】41. B 42. D 43. C 44. D 45. A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了Vinnie Ream向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。41.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I

89、 wouldnt have dared to ask you, but my teacher, Mr. Mills, says I am ready. I plan to make it in an admirable manner. “可知，我本来不敢问你，但我的老师Mills先生说我准备好了。我打算用一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事。由此可知，Mills先生的话给了Vinnie向林肯总统提出要求的底气。故选B。42.推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Of course- I shouldnt have asked. A full-length pose would be much too big a

90、 project for a young woman your size.”可知，当然-我不应该问的。对于你这种身材的年轻女性来说，全身雕像太大了。由此可推知，林肯总统首先对Vinnie的请求表示怀疑。故选D。43.细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Ive driven teams of horses and carried water. Making a full-length clay figure would not exhaust my strength-and this is what I intend to do!”可知，我赶过马队，提过水。做一个全身雕像不会耗尽我的力量-我还正想这样呢

91、！此可知，Vinnie通过强调她以前所做的繁重劳动，证实了她有能力制作一个全身雕像。故选C。44.推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中的“Miss Ream,” he sighed, “Id like to let you do it, but as you know, we are in the middle of a war. How could I possibly take the time to pose for a sculpture now? I hardly have a minute to myself. “可知，总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像。根据倒数第三段中的“

92、Vinnie glanced around and noted the size of his office. “I work quickly,” she said. Her voice was soft but confident as she pointed to the corner near the windows. “If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your de

93、sk.”可知，Vinnie环顾四周，注意到了他办公室的大小。“我干得很快，”她说。她指着靠近窗户的那个角落，声音柔和而自信。“如果我把我的粘土带到这里来，每天下午工作三个小时，我就可以在你办公的时候完成大部分的项目。”由此可推知，上文中总统提到自己没有时间摆姿势来让Vinnie做雕像，于是Vinnie想选择靠近窗户的角落，是为了避免干扰总统的工作。故选D。45.推理判断题。根据文章主要记叙了Vinnie Ream向林肯总统提出给他做一个全身雕像的请求，一开始林肯总统对此表示怀疑，在Vinnie的不断努力争取后，最终第二天Vinnie收到了林肯总统的邀请。由此可推知，这个故事表达了意志坚强的人能

94、达到目标的思想。故选A。【词汇积累】statue n.塑像 admirable adj.令人羡慕的 exhaust v.使精疲力尽；耗尽casual adj.休闲的，便装的underestimate v.低估；轻视【长难句析】If I were to bring my clay here and work for three hours every afternoon, I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.【分析】本句含有一个条件状语从句If I were to bring my clay here a

95、nd work for three hours every afternoon,和时间状语从句 I could complete most of the project while you are at your desk.主句为I could complete most of the project。【翻译】如果我把我的粘土带到这里，每天下午工作3个小时，我就可以在你坐在办公桌前的时候完成大部分的项目。 Passage7（2019年北京卷之B篇）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇创业故事事例阐述354 entrepreneurAlice Moore is a teenager entrepre

96、neur(创业者), who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13，her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super-sweet treat that could save kids teeth，instead of destroying them.It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad. On the outing, she was offe

97、red a candy bar. However, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth. But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, Why cant I make a healthy candy thats good for my teeth so that my parents cant say no to it? With that in mind, Moore aske

98、d her dad if she could start her own candy company. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.With her dads permission, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-f

99、riendly. She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning. Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.Moore then used her savings to get her business of the ground. Afterwards, she and her father secured their fi

100、rst business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moores product-Cancandy.As CanCandys success grows, so does Moores credibility as a young entrepreneur. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and shes also positive about what the future might bring. She hopes tha

101、t every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile.Meanwhile, with her parents help, Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life. Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasnt driven primarily by profit. Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles

102、. She donates 10% of AilicCandys profits to Big Smiles. With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.34. How did Moore react to her dads warning?A. She argued with him.B. She tried to find a way out.C. She paid no attention.D. She chose to consult den

103、tists.35. What is special about CanCandy?A. It is beneficial to dental health.B. It is free of sweeteners.C. It is sweeter than other candies.D. It is produced to a dentists recipe.36. What does Moore expect from her business?A. To earn more money.B. To help others find smiles.C. To make herself sta

104、nd out.D. To beat other candy companies.37. What can we learn from Alice Moores story?A. Fame is a great thirst of the young.B. A youth is to be regarded with respect.C. Positive thinking and action result in success.D. Success means getting personal desires satisfied【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Alice Moore，一

105、个年轻有为的创业者的故事，故事告诉我们：积极的思考和行动会带来成功。34.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的But Moore was sick of missing out on candies. So she desired to get round the warning, Why cant I make a healthy candy thats good for my teeth so that my parents cant say no to it? 及下文她想方设法最终制作出了叫CanCandy的糖果可知，她对父亲的警告的反应是：她试图找到一条出路。故选B。35.A 【解析】

106、细节理解题。根据第三段的Consequently, she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria.可知，因此，这种糖只使用天然甜味剂，可以减少口腔细菌，因此它对牙齿有利。故选A。36.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles.可知，Moor想用她独特的才能帮助别人找到他们的笑容。故选B。37.C 【解析】

107、推理判断题。文章主要讲述了Moor的创业故事，她之所以能成功源于面对问题和困难时，她乐观的看待问题，积极的想方设法去解决问题。因此，通过她的故事让我们懂得积极的思考和行动会带来成功。故选C。【词汇积累】 entrepreneur n.创业者 primarily adv.主要地，首要地，根本地 permission n. 允许，许可 consequently adv.因此secure adj.稳固的；安全的【长难句析】1. He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier ca

108、ndy would contain.【分析】本句含有一个that引导的宾语从句，what a healthier candy would contain为about的宾语从句.【翻译】他建议她做一些调查，和牙医谈谈健康糖果的成分。 2. Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created, and shes also positive about what the future might bring. 【分析】本句是复合句，what the future might bring为宾语从句 ； the candy后又跟了一个省略了that 或wh

109、ich的定语从句she created；be enthusiastic about为固定短语，意为：对.很热情。【翻译】 摩尔对自己创造的糖果充满热情，她对未来可能带来的东西也很乐观。Passage8（2019年浙江卷A篇）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇业余爱好事例阐述351hobbyZachariah Fike has an unusual hobby. He finds old military(军队的)medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet.But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks

110、down the medals rightful owners, and returns them.His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple Heart with the name Corrado A. G. Piccoli, found in an antique shop. Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart-he earned one himself in a war as a sol

111、dier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had to do.Through the Internet, Zac tracked down Corrados sister Adeline Rockko. But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions: Who are you？What antique shop？ However, when she hung up, she regretted the

112、way she had handled the call. So she called Zac back and apologized. Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown, N.Y. At that point, I knew she meant business, Zac says. To drive eight hours to come to see me.The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown. Corrado, a translator fo

113、r the Army during WWII, was killed in action in Europe.Before hearing from Zac, Adeline hadnt realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the one Zacs mother had found was a family treasure. This medal was very precious to my parents. Only on special occasions(场合)would they take it ou

114、t and let us hold it in our hands, Adeline says.As a child, Adeline couldnt understand why the medal was so significant. “But as I grew older,” Adeline says, and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left. Corrado Piccolis Purple Heart medal now hangs at the Ital

115、ian American Civic Association in Watertown.Zac recently returned another lost medal to a family in Alabama. Since he first reunited Corrados medal, Zac says his record is now 5 for 5.21. Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself？A. In the army.B. In an antique shop.C. From his mother.D. Fr

116、om Adeline Rockko.22. What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to meet him？A. She was very impolite.B. She was serious about the medal.C. She suspected his honesty.D. She came from a wealthy family.23. What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?A. Her parents advice.B. Her knowledge of antiques.C. H

117、er childhood dream.D. Her memory of her brother.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。Zachariah Fike有一个不同寻常的业余爱好：他在网上和古董店里寻找旧的军队勋章，然后将这些勋章归还它们的合法主人。文章主要叙述了他这一爱好的起源。21.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Hearthe earned one himself in a war as a soldier”可知，当Zac还是一名士兵的时候，在一次战争中他获得了一枚Purple Heart。故A选项正确。22.B

118、【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“To drive eight hours to come to see me”可以推知，Adeline为了那枚Purple Heart开车八个小时来见Zac，由此可知，她对于这件事是认真地。因此，At that point, I knew she meant business应该指的是Zac意识到Adeline对这枚勋章是认真的。故B选项正确。23.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Corrado, a translatorwas killed in action in Europe”和倒数第三段中的“as I grew olderand missed

119、 my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left ”这枚勋章寄托了Adeline对于去世的哥哥Corrado的回忆和思念，这是他们家留下的唯一关于哥哥的东西了。因此她很珍惜这枚勋章。故D选项正确。【词汇积累】military n.军队的 antique adj.古老的n.古物，古董immigrant n.迁徙on special occasions在特殊场合【长难句析】1. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what

120、 he had to do.【分析】本句含有一个when引导的时间状语从句和宾语从句what he had to do。【翻译】所以当他的母亲把奖章给他时，他立刻知道自己该怎么做。 2. However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. 【分析】本句含有一个when she hung up 引导的时间状语从句 she had handled the call为定语从句，先行词为the way。【翻译】 然而，当她挂断电话时，她后悔自己处理电话的方式。Passage9（2018年全国卷III之C篇

121、）主题语境语篇类型文章词数核心词汇人物介绍事例阐述376 architectWhile famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.Their e

122、fforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at

123、the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by

124、the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks

125、into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).Wangs works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chine

126、se architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. That is only evidence that traditions once existed, he said.Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old thing

127、s from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created, he said.Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing

128、what they really are, said Wang.The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.28. Wangs winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are _.A. following the latest world trendB. getting international reco

129、gnitionC. working harder than ever beforeD. relying on foreign architects29. What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?A. Its hilly environment. B. Its large size.C. Its unique style.D. Its diverse functions.30. What made Wangs architectural design a success?A. The mixture of differen

130、t shapes.B. The balance of East and West.C. The use of popular techniques.D. The harmony of old and new.31. What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?A. Spread them to the world.B. Preserve them at museums.C. Teach them in universities.D. Recreate them in practice.【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文。文

131、章主要讲述了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中融合中国传统建筑文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖普利策奖，这让中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。28.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，王澍获得2012年普利策奖，而普利策奖相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，他是第一个获此奖的中国人，故推知中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。故B项正确。29.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段对CAA校园的描述可知，它的设计风格独特，与大多数中国大学的校园很不同，许多游客感对复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑类型感到吃惊，故C正确。30.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第六段1995年普利策奖的获得者Tadao Ando的评语可知，王澍

132、设计的成功之处是把中国传统元素融入现代设计，并保持两者的和谐，故D正确。31.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段和倒数第三段中In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created可知，传统的研究要与实践相结合，在实践中进行再创造，否则就会是人工的和空的，故D正确。【词汇积累】abandon v.放弃elements 元素a good knowledge of 掌握的知识 architecture n.建筑设计，建筑风格；建筑学 recr

133、eation n.娱乐（活动），消遣（活动） artificial dj.人造的，人工的【长难句析】1. While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the cente

134、r stage.【分析】本句含有一个While引导的时间状语从句；make great efforts to to do sth为固定短语，意为：努力做某事。【翻译】当外国著名建筑师被邀请来领导中国地标性建筑的设计，如新的中央电视台大楼和国家大剧院，许多优秀的中国建筑师正在努力占据舞台的中心。 2. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture on February 28. 【分析】本句含有一个which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture on February 28.的定语从句，修饰the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize； a 49-year-old Chinese architect为同位语，修饰Wang Shu.【翻译】 2月28日，49岁的中国建筑师王澍获得2012年普利兹克建筑奖，该奖项通常被称为建筑界的诺贝尔奖。