专题04 阅读理解（知识梳理 专题过关）-2021-2022年七年级下学期英语期末考点大串讲（广州深圳牛津版）（解析版）.docx

1、你阅读理解技巧点拨阅读理解题型通常可以分为四种：细节理解、词义（组）猪测、推理判断、主旨（段落）大意及标题归纳，下面让我们一起来看看这几类题型。一、细节理解题1.细节理解题占阅读理解的比例很大，阅读时要特别注意以下几点：（1）阅读时，必须以原文提供的事实、细节和逻辑关系为依据，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点、看法混为一谈。（2）文章中的数字、日期、时间都是设题的重点，此类题目很少是文章中表层出现的数字或日期，通常需要做简单的计算。2.解题方法：（1）跳读查找法：这个方法的要点在于先看题干，带着问题读文章。以what,who,where,when,why,how提问的问题，可以从文章中

2、直接找到答案。做这类题时可以边读边做记号，能加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率，节省宝贵的时间。（2）排除法：排序题也属于细节理解题的一种题型，它通常出现在说明文中。这类文章有明显的信息词，如first,to begin with,after that,afterwards,later,next,second,third,then,finally等。按照信息词的提示阅读，可以加快理解的进程。在做细节排序题时，首先要确定首或尾的答案，通常四个选项中会有两个选项的顺序类似，正确答案往往在这两个选项中选择。我们只需找到两者的不同之处，回到原文，进行核对，一旦确定，后面的排序就不用再比较了。（3）简单

3、计算法：数字计算题也是细节理解题的一种，要求对文章中提到的数据进行简单的加减乘除运算，以便得出符合题目要求的数据。解答这类题目时，首先要弄清题干的要求是什么，然后找到与它相关的数字，再对它们进行分析、整合，最后计算出正确答案。二、推理判断题1.题型特点：这种题型要求考生尽量考虑文章中全部信息和事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上，严格按照作者提供的信息推断出作者的言外之意。2.解题思路：推理和判断两者密不可分。推理是为了判断，判断依赖于推理。推理判断题要求根据原文，经过推理，进行判断，从而得出结论，所以推理判断题的答案不能在文中直接找出。但是，推理中考总复习x时务必要忠实于原文，在文章中寻找可推论的依

4、据，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。3.正确选项的特点：（1）正确答案一般含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性；（2）正确答案的表述一般不会太绝对，而会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably等；（3） 正确答案有的时候反而是与通过常识判断得出的结论相反，要特别注意。4.干扰选项的特点：（1）只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出的结论；【事实重现（不是推理出来的）】（2）看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符；【偷梁换柱】（3）虽然以文章提供的事实或内在

5、逻辑为推理依据，但推理过头、概括过度；【以偏概全】（4）有部分选项的内容纯属编造。【无中生有】三、词义（组）猜测1.考生应该紧扣原文，根据上下文的语境进行合理判断，既不要望文生义，也不要断章取义，更不能只选择自己认识或熟悉的意思。干扰项出现的错误选项一般多是学生比较熟悉、想当然的词典意义，或者适应学生习惯的汉语思维方式；而正确的含义往往不只是词典上的，而是要通过上下文内容的提示才能确定的。2.解这类题时应注意以下几点：（1）注意一些过渡词语，如that is,this is,in other words等，它们直接引出了同义解释；（2）注意连接词及被猜测的词前后的因果、让步、递进、转折、列举及

6、承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。（3）注意同义词、近义词、反义词、定语从句，以及相似或相反的结构等。（4）对于句中首字母或全部是大写的单词，应该猜出可能是专有名词（人名、地名、组织等），因此拼读有时是最合适的方法。四、主旨（段落）大意题及标题归纳题1.题型特点：解答这类题时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义。在涉及文章的主题（mainidea)、结论（conclusion)、结局（ending)等有关问题时，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。2.解题技巧：（1）看文章首尾和各段开头找出主题句，或通过浏览全文，抓住关

7、键字眼，把握主旨。（2）通过分析篇章结构找出每一小段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同点，找出整个文章的主题句。（3）标题归纳题型也属于主旨大意题，文章的标题具有概括性的特点，故所选的标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题，切忌所选标题以偏概全。（4）这类题目需要对文章有整体性的把握，建议最后做。期末真题练练手2020-2021学年广东省广州市越秀区七年级（下）期末英语试卷三、阅读（共两节20小题, 满分30分）第一节 阅读理解（共4小题；每小题8分, 满分30分）阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中。AThere once was a little boy who

8、had a bad temper ( 脾气). His father gave him a bag of nails (钉子) and told him that every time he lost his temper, he must hammer a nail into the wall.The first day the boy knocked 17 nails into the wall. Then he knocked two fewer new ones the next day. Over the next few weeks, when he learned to cont

9、rol his anger, the number of nails he knocked into the wall reduced. He found it was easier to hold his temper than to knock those nails into the wall.In the end, the day came when the boy didnt lose his temper at all. He told his father about it and the father asked the boy to pull out one nail for

10、 each day that he was able to hold his temper. The days passed and the young boy was at last able to tell his father that he pulled all the nails out. The father took his son by the hand and led him to the wall. He said, “Well done, but look at the holes in the wall. The wall will never be the same.

11、 When you say things in anger, you hurt a person with your words. No matter how many times you say sorry, the hurt is still there in his heart.”The little boy then understood how powerful his words were. He looked up at his father and said, “I am really sorry for the holes I put in you and others.”4

12、1. The underlined word “reduced” in Paragraph 2 means getting _.A. betterB. worseC. largerD. smaller42. What did the father ask the boy to do when he lost his temper?A. To stop being angry at once.B. To knock a nail into the wall.C. To look at the holes in the wall.D. To pull a nail out from the wal

13、l.43. How many times did the boy lose his temper on the second day?A. 2.B. 15.C. 17.D. 19.44. According to the story, we can tell that the father is _.A. smartB. strictC. proudD. polite45. What does the story want to tell us?A. Nails are very useful for controlling ones temper.B. Knocking nails and

14、pulling nails out take a long time.C. Saying things in anger is like knocking nails into others heart.D. Knocking nails are more difficult than controlling ones temper.【答案】41. A 42. B 43. B 44. A 45. CBIt is often said that dogs are “mans best friends”. But for some children in China, this idea has

15、deeper meanings.Wu Qi, a dog trainer in Shanghai, started the Paw for Heal (PFH) program in China about eight years ago. The program trains dogs to help people in need. These animals help elderly people feel relaxed. They also help people with mental (精神的) illnesses.In Shanghai, the dogs have been t

16、rained to help kids with autism (自闭症). They are easily scared by their environments. But when the PFH dogs are around, they feel much safer. Pet owners can train their pets to be part of the program. Although this training is difficult (only 20% of dogs end up passing the program), it also helps a l

17、ot of people.“She (my dog) makes me happy every day, and I think she can bring happiness to other people in need as well,” pet owner Wang Rui said in a report.The program is new to China, but Wu has high hopes for the future, as he is now working together with a Scottish university to improve his pr

18、ogram. “Through learning from the European team, China may shorten the time to catch up with other countries in this field.”46. What does the PFH program do?A. It helps sick dogs.B. It trains pet owners.C. It trains dogs to help people in need.D. It takes care of old people and children.47. Accordin

19、g to the passage, who can get help from the PFH program?A. A dog trainer. B. A dog lover. C. A girl with autism. D. A lady who lost her wallet.48. From the passage, what can we know about the PFH program?A. Pet owners have to give up their dogs.B. Dogs can pass its training program easily.C. Dogs ca

20、n be cleverer after getting training.D. It is a new and growing program in our country.49. What does Wu Qi think of the future of the PFH program?A. It has no way to go.B. It has a bright future.C. It faces a lot of difficulties.D. It needs more people joining in.50. Whats the best title of the arti

21、cle?A. Friendly Dogs.B. Dogs Saving People.C. Dogs Cheering You up.D. Dogs Training.【答案】46. C 47. C 48. D 49. B 50. CCLife is like a competition. All people are different and how well you can do something is different to others. Some kids can do something faster or better than other kids. This means

22、 there are “winners” and “losers”, and lots of people are not winners or losers but in-between. You can choose to be a good winner or an even better loser.Being a “good” winnerNo one likes a person who always tells others what he is good at.No one likes someone who takes all the praise (赞扬) for the

23、efforts of a team.No one likes the man who always puts others down to make himself look good.To be a good winner you need to: Thank those who helped you for their efforts. Keep trying to improve your skills. Think about what you should do next.Being an even better loserOf course, its sad to lose, es

24、pecially if you are close to winning. Being angry or impolite to others wont change the final result and will only make you look worse. And no one likes itTo be an even better loser you need to: Be polite, nice and kind. Congratulate the other team. Keep any negative (消极的) thought to yourself-at lea

25、st until you are away from the game.Its OK to let out your negative thoughts to your best friend or parents later. And if you dont do very well in a game, try harder to learn for the next one. Improving yourself makes you a winner too.51. What does the writer want to tell us in paragraph 1?A. It is

26、important to win.B. You are a winner or loser.C. Being slow means you are a loser.D. Winning or losing is not the end of a game.52. According to the passage, what should we do after wining and losing?A. Say thank you to others.B. Try to improve ourselves.C. Be polite to the other team.D. Keep negati

27、ve thoughts to ourselves.53. Which of the following will the writer most probably agree with?A. A good loser makes a good winner.B. Winning wont come to us if we dont go to it.C. Nothing is difficult to the man who wants to win.D. Winning starts with practice and losing ends with it.54. What is the

28、purpose of the passage?A. To help people win their competition.B. To tell people the importance of winning and losing.C. To ask people to face winning or losing in a right way.D. To let people understand the meaning of winning and losing.55. Where can we find this article?A. In a novel.B. In a story

29、 book.C. In a magazine.D. In a safety book.【答案】51. D 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. C2020-2021学年广东省广州市海珠区七年级（下）期末英语试卷三、阅读（共两节，满分27分）第一节 阅读理解（共11小题；每小题2分，满分22分）阅读下列短文，从2636各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。(A)Think of China and youll probably think of huge cities. But the country is also home to several charmi

30、ng small places. Lets explore some of them.TongliTongli is one of Jiangsus charming water towns. Surrounded by five lakes, Tongli is made up of seven islands with 49 bridges together. Sit on a gondola and see the pretty town from the water, but make sure to stop off at the Tuisi Yuan to enjoy the Cl

31、assical Gardens of Suzhou. These were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2000.YangshuoYangshuo is a tourist-friendly town on the banks of the Li River in Guangxi. Its modern restaurants and stores are mostly in West Street, and its oldest building is more than 1,400 years old. Among them, vi

32、sitors will find plenty of traditional buildings and places. Enjoy some slow travel and catch a boat down the Li River from Guilin. Its surely the most enjoyable way to arrive in Yangshuo.Gulangyu IslandAs a small island near Xiamen, Gulangyu is famous for its beautiful Victorian-style buildings. Ho

33、me to Chinas only Piano Museum, the towns other must-see local sights include the beautiful Shuzhuang Garden. At the same time, you can climb up Sunlight Rock and enjoy the views over the whole island.HongcunHongcun, an ancient Anhui village, lies in the foothills of Huangshan Mountain. It is home t

34、o some of Chinas finest buildings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the Oscar-winning film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon was once filmed in the village. The village with neighboring Xidi, was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000. The local sights include Chengzi Hall, a large home built

35、 in 1855, and now acts as a museum, which is open to visitors.26. How many charming places are mentioned in this passage?A. Three.B. Four.C. Two.D. One.27. People can enjoy the scenes of _ in the Oscar-winning film.A. Gulangyu IslandB. TongliC. YangshuoD. Hongcun28. Which of the following places are

36、 added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2000?A. Hongcun and Tongli.B. Yangshuo and Tongli.C. Gulangyu Island and Yangshuo.D. Gulangyu Island and Tongli.29. What can you do if you visit Gulangyu Island? Visit Piano Museum. Visit Chengzi Hall. Have a meal in West Street. Enjoy the Classical Garden

37、s of Suzhou. Enjoy the beautiful Victorian-style buildings. Enjoy the views over the whole island on Sunlight Rock.A. B. C. D. 【答案】26. B 27. D 28. A 29. D(B)Trees produce oxygen for all living things. Trees help to clean the air, soil and water, making the Earth a beautiful livable place. Its time t

38、o save trees and protect forests.Saving trees around youEvery town and city has laws about protecting trees, and tell people which tree species need protecting and when and how its OK to cut down trees. In some areas, rare or very beneficial trees are protected by law. Knowing the laws in your area

39、will help you better protect the trees there.Take part in tree plantationAs important as it is to protect grown-up trees, its also necessary to think ahead and plant new trees. They will finally get tall enough to clean the air and help keep temperatures cool. Many towns and cities have organization

40、s working to plant trees.If your town or city doesnt have an organization like that, why not start one yourself? Tree by tree, you can make a difference.Reduce paper useIts important to start seeing the connection between the trees you love and the products you use. If youre crazy about saving trees

41、, look for ways to use fewer paper products in your daily life: Use cloth towels instead of paper towels. Its a simple change that can reduce a lot of unnecessary waste. Use reusable containers instead of paper lunch bags. If you must use a paper product, always buy the recycled one. Choose the pape

42、rless ways for bills. This simple change will make your life better and reduce the number of dead trees.30 What does the underline word “They” in paragraph 3 refer to in the passage?A. Grown-up trees.B. Rare trees.C. Very beneficial trees.D. New trees.31. What is the correct way to save trees?A. Cho

43、osing paper bills.B. Using recycled paper products.C. Never cutting down trees.D. Using paper lunch bags.32. In which section of newspaper will you probably read this article?A. EnvironmentB. EducationC. FashionD. Travel33. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To ask people to save trees.B. To

44、 ask people to plant more trees.C. To ask people not to cut down trees.D. To ask people to use fewer paper products.【答案】30. D 31. B 32. A 33. A(C)Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, widely known for developing the first hybrid rice strain(杂交水稻品种), died of illness on Saturday, May 22, 2021.The top rice

45、scientist in China passed away in a hospital in Changsha, capital of Hunan Province, at about 1 p.m., according to the news report.Having spent over fifty years in hybrid rice research, Yuan Longping has helped China work a great wonderfeeding nearly one-fifth of the worlds population with less than

46、 9 percent of the worlds total land.Born in Beijing in 1930, Yuan succeeded in growing the worlds first hybrid rice strain in 1973. It was later grown on a large scale in China and other countries to greatly increase production, and it pulled countless people out of hunger.For the next forty years,

47、he continued to research and upgrade hybrid rice, which has reached its third generation. Until early this year, he had been doing research in Hainan.Yuan once said he had two dreamsto “enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men” and that hybrid rice could be grown all over the world to hel

48、p solve the global food shortage.On Chinas Twitter-like Sina Weibo, the news has been viewed 950 million times so far, with netizens(网友) expressing sadness at the death of a great man.“Three times a day, when we enjoy the fragrance of rice, you will be dearly remembered,” said a comment that has bee

49、n liked more than 600,000 times.34. What does the underlined word “upgrade” in paragraph 5 mean?A. developB. feedC. helpD. enjoy35. What can we learn about Yuan Longping from the passage?A. He stopped his research when he got old.B. He spent 40 years researching hybrid rice.C. His hybrid rice helps

50、both China and other countries.D. He grew the worlds first hybrid rice strain at the age of 42.36. What is the correct order of the following events?a. Yuan Longping passed away because of an illness.b. A comment said people will often miss Yuan Longping.c. The hybrid rice strain appeared for the fi

51、rst time.d.The hybrid rice reached its third generation.e. The hybrid rice saved millions of people from hunger.A. c-e-d-b-aB. d-c-e-b-aC. c-d-e-a-bD. c-e-d-a-b37. What is the passage mainly about?A. The hybrid rice.B. Yuan Longpings dreams.C. Yuan Longpings life.D. The way to solve the global food

52、shortage.38. Why is Yu Longping remembered by so many people?A. Because he helped many poor kids go to school.B. Because he helped lots of people stay out of hunger.C. Because he helped countless people fight against illnesses.D. Because he helped make our environment more beautiful.【答案】34. A 35. C 36. D 37. C 38. B