专题05 不定式、动名词、分词高频考点（原题版）-备战2024年中考英语真题题源解密（上海专用）.docx

1、专题05 不定式、动名词、分词非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语。非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词一直是英语学习的难点，也是中考的常考点，主要为动词不定式和动名词，在单项填空、词形填空题型中均有涉及。本专题目的在于归纳一些高频考题及梳理一些解题技巧，以帮助同学们高效复习。考点考向考法/命题角度不定式非谓语动词基本用法，及非谓语一般形式；主要考点为动词不定式和动名词，分词少有涉及。需使用不定式做宾语的动词；省去to 的不定式作宾补的动词；不定式做表语。动名词一些常接动名词做宾语的动词及句型分词现在分词与过去分词做表语区别动词不定式1

2、.作表语；2.信号词：wish, hope, dream, work, task, duty, ambition,etc. etc.1. My wish is to become a teacher.2. The first thing I want to do is to visit my grandfather.作定语 (后置)Ihavenothing_(send)you.We must never miss the chance _( show) love for our parents.1. I have nothing to say about that thing.2. Sorry

3、, I cant go with you; I have a lot of clothes to wash.3. China is the third country to send its astronauts into the space. 作宾语及宾补1. want/promise/manage/plan/expect decide/choose/refuse/pretend to do sth.2. make/ let/ have sb. do sth. (注：被动带to)3. ask/ tell/ order /enable/allow/encourage sb. to do sth

4、.4. warn sb. not to do sth.5. would like to do5. had better (not)do1. Alice wanted to get another cup of coffee.2. He told me to be here on time.3. Our parents often tell us not to swim alone in the river in summer.4. Paul doesnt have to be made to learn_. He always works hard.5.Youdbetter_(try)this

5、medicine.作状语不定式常在句子里作目的、原因和结果状语如：in order to; so as toHe ran so fast as to catch the first bus. （目的状语）Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing. （结果状语）Im glad to see you. （原因状语）动词不定式与疑问词连用(1) He doesnt know how to use the machine. (不定式作宾语)(2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语)(3) The question i

6、s when to go there. (不定式作表语) (4). The menu has so many good things! I cant decide which to eat.不定式的特殊句型：1.句型：tooto：太而不能 2.句型：be + adj + enough + to do sth.足以做 3.句型：Its + adj. + for sb to do sth4.句型：Why not +动词原形表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：为什么不? 5. 句型：so as (not) to do: 表示目的6.不定式的否定形式，如:warn sb not to do/never to/

7、in order not to/so as not to等7.比较：used to do/be used to doing8.比较：It takesto do/sb spendsdoingHe is too excited to speak.The child is old enough to go to schooll.Why not take a holiday?Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 1. Theboxistooheavyforme _ it.A. carryingB. carries C. carry D. tocarry2.

8、Weareoftentold _atpeopleintrouble.A. nottosmile B. tosmileC. nottolaughD. tolaugh3.Yesterday morning I got up early_ be late for the exam. A. in order to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to 动名词动名词做宾语1.信号词：enjoy, keep, mind, finish, practice/ practise; deny; imagine; risk; consider; admit;

9、 forgive, avoid; escape;2. 词组：give up/ be good at/do well in/ cant help/ keep on/feel like/ be used to/refer to/pay attention to/ devote oneself to/get used to/look forward to/ succeed in/ be worth3.how about/what about +doing4.prefer doing.to doing/prefer to do.rather than do5.介词后面+doing6.固定搭配：go s

10、hopping/go dancing/go swimming1. Mary and I enjoy playing badminton.2.Its a bit cold. Would you mind my closing all the windows?3.Thenewtermiscoming.Theyarebusycleaningtheclassrooms4.Mum,Imhungry.Whatabout_(go)toMcDonalds eating friedchicken?5. Knivesareusedfor_(cut)things.动名词做主语及表语Walking is good e

11、xercise. 走路是很好的运动My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳现在分词感官动词+sb.+doingsee, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observeI heard someone knocking at the door. I saw him dancing in the hall yesterday.There we found him watching TV. 考向一 动词不定式高频易混易错梳理/归纳动词不定式的特殊句型:tooto “太而不能

12、”。如：The boy is too young to look after himself. 那个男孩太小而不能照顾自己。enough to“足够”。如：He is old enough to go to school. 他足够大能去上学了。Why dont you +省略to的不定式？=Why not +省略to的不定式？为什么不呢？如：Why dont you get her a photo album? =Why not get her a photo album? 为什么不给她买个相册呢？had better+（not）+省略to的不定式。最好（不要）做如：Youd better n

13、ot stay here today. 你今天最好别待在这儿。Will you please+省略to的不定式?你愿意吗？如：Will you please close the door? 能请你把门关上吗？prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. “宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”如：I prefer to do more work rather than do nothing at home.我宁愿做更多的工作也不愿在家无所事事。It is+adj.+for/of sb.+to do.“做某事是的”如：It is necessary for us to brush

14、 our teeth twice a day.一天刷两次牙对我们是有必要的。It+be+形容词+不定式Its hard to say which one is better.很难说哪一个更好。It+be+名词+不定式It was great fun to have a picnic there. 在那里野餐很有意思。It+动词+名词/副词+不定式It took me 2 hours to finish my homework. 完成作业花了我两个小时的时间。1（2022上海统考中考真题）The Internet enables farmers _ fruits and vegetables a

15、cross the country.AsellBsellingCto sellDsold2（2021上海统考中考真题）The manager asked his secretary _ the report before Friday.AfinishBfinishesCfinishingDto finish3（2020上海统考中考真题）Doctors tell us_our hands before and after every mealAwashBwashedCwashingDto wash4（2019上海中考真题）The host told a joke at the party and

16、 made the guests a lot.AlaughBlaughingCto laughDlaughed5（2018上海中考真题）Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided_his own restaurant.AopenBopenedCto openDopening6（2017上八年级课时练习）I cant tell you what she said. Ive promised _ it a secret.AkeepBto keepCkeepingDkept7（2017上海中考真题）Vivian refuses _ her child

17、ren to the weekend training centre for extra classes.Ato sendBsendingCsentDsends8（2014上海中考真题）Harry has decided_ an online shop after graduating from school.AopenBto openCopenedDopening9（2012上海中考真题）Dont jump to a conclusion! Lets _ the problem first.Ato discussBdiscussCdiscussedDdiscussing10（2015上海中考

18、真题） My friend invited me _ the art club , and I accepted it with pleasure.AjoinBto joinCjoinedDjoining11（2013上海中考真题）Even Tonys granddaughter，a five-year-old girl，asked him_ smokingAgive upBgave upCto give upDgiving up12（2022上海统考中考真题）The journalist hoped to the brave act of the fireman. （reporter）13（

19、2021上海统考中考真题）Some rainforests are likely to if we dont take action to protect them. (appear)考向二 动名词高频易混易错梳理/归纳常跟动名词作宾语的动词有：enjoy喜欢；mind 介意；finish 完成；keep持续；suggest 建议；practice 练习；consider考虑； miss错过；imagine想象；avoid避免；cant help忍不住；go on 继续；be worth值得；be busy忙于 give up放弃；succeed in成功，设法；look forward to

20、期待；be used to习惯于；end up以结束put off推迟；pay attention to注意；be interested in对感兴趣注意：含有介词to的固定短语：make (a) contribution (s) to 为做贡献devote oneself to 献身，致力于look forward to 期待，盼望preferto 比起更喜欢be used to 习惯，适应pay attention to注意某些动词后接不定式和动名词的区别1.forget doing sth.忘记做过某事forget to do sth.忘记要做某事（未做）I forget to brin

21、g my homework.我忘记带作业了。I forget bringing my homework.我忘记已把作业带来了。2.remember doing sth.记得做过某事remember to do sth.记得去做某事（未做）Please remember to post my letter.请记得把我的信寄走。I remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。3.try doing sth.尝试做某事try to do sth.尽力做某事Please try to do better next time.下次请设法做得更好些。He tried

22、speaking in English.他试着用英语讲。4.hear/see sb. doing sth.听见/看见某人正在做某事hear/see sb. do sth. 听见/看见某人做了某事I often see him play football 我经常看见他踢球I saw him playing football went I passed 当我经过的时候，我看见他正在踢球5.Stop to do sth 停下去做某事Stop doing sth 停止做某事Stop to think about it for a moment.停下来想一下这件事。Stop talking, pleas

23、e.请不要说话。6.Mean to do sth 打算做某事Mean doing sth 意味着I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去,但我父亲不肯让我去。Doing that means wasting time.做那件事意味着浪费时间。1（2017上海统考中考真题）After she finished _ the story, Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper.AreadBreadsCto readDreading2（2022上海统考中考真题）The young p

24、layer spends four hours _ volleyball every day.ApractiseBpractisingCto practiseDpractised3（2021上海统考中考真题）Michael and his friends practise _ table tennis after school every day.AplayBplayedCplayingDto play4（2020上海统考中考真题）The engineers will keep_the project with the manager of the companyAdiscussBdiscus

25、sedCdiscussingDto discuss5（2019上海中考真题）Would you mind care of my pet fish while Im away on holiday?AtakeBtakenCto takeDtaking6（2012上海中考真题）Stop _ about the traffic. Just think about what we can do to improve it.AcomplainingBto complainCcomplainDcomplained7（2018上海中考真题）Sue practices_the violin hard and

26、often gives wonderful performances.AplayBplayedCto playDplaying8（2017上海中考真题）（2017上海）The workers are busy windows to the new building these days.AfixBfixedCfixingDto fix9（2015上海中考真题）Martin was so busy _ the old that he gave up his part-time job.AhelpingBhelpedCto helpDhelp10（2013上海中考真题）The retired co

27、uple enjoy_photos.They always go out with their camerasAtakeBtookCto takeDtaking11（2014上海中考真题）I wouldnt mind_a roommate. We can help each other and save money as well.AhavingBto haveChaveDhad考向三 分词高频易混易错梳理/归纳现在分词与过去分词的区别1.在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义。the surprising news令人惊讶的消息a surprised man一个感到惊讶的人a

28、moving film一部感人的电影the moved people被感动的人们2.在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。the developing country发展中国家the developed country发达国家the rising sun正在升起的太阳the risen sun升起来的太阳易混句式have sb.do sth.,have sb.doing sth.和have sth. done的区别1.have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作,且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生

29、。The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。2.have sb. doing sth.表示“使某人作出某种反应”或“劝说/命令某人做某事”;用于否定句时表示“允许/容忍某人做某事”。Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping.短短几分钟内他就令全体观众欢笑、鼓掌。3.have sth.done意为“让某事被别人做”,即ask sb.else to do sth.,过去分词(done)所表示的动作由他人(非

30、主语本身)来完成。The driver had his car washed once a week.这个司机一周让人洗一次车。1（2011上海中考真题） As we all know, its not polite to keep others_for a long time.AwaitBwaitedCto waitDwaiting2（2023上海长宁统考二模）Im sorry I have kept you _ for such a long time. The traffic was terrible.AwaitingBwaitCwaitedDto wait3（2023上海奉贤统考一模）

31、When I was walking on the street, I saw a drone(无人机) _ over my head.AfliesBflyingCflewDfly4（2022上海徐汇统考二模）When I walked past the music room, I heard someone _ the piano in it.Ato playBplayedCplayingDplay5（2022上海浦东新统考一模）I saw Tom _ football with his classmates at three this afternoon.AplaysBplayedCpla

32、yingDto play6（2019上上海虹口九年级上外附中校考周测） We didnt find Tom _ the lecture. No one had told him about _ a lecture the following day.Ato attend; there to beBattending; there beingCattended; there beDattend; there was7（2019上上海虹口九年级上外附中校考周测）When the clerk saw a kind of face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, sh

33、e stood _ to the ground, _whether to stay or leave.Arooted; wonderingBto be rooted; wonderCrooting; to wonderDto root; wondered8（2019上上海虹口九年级上外附中校考周测）The traffic rule says that young children under the age of four and _less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.Abeing weighedBto weighCweighe

34、dDweighing9（2020上上海浦东新九年级校考阶段练习）On my way home, I always notice some children _ around in the garden.AranBto runCrunningDruns10（2019上上海九年级上海市民办新竹园中学校考阶段练习）At that time some boys _ basketball on the playground.Awere seen playingBwere seen to playCsaw to playDsaw and played11（2019上海虹口九年级校考期中）The book

35、he _ on the table is still _ there.Alay, lyingBlaid, layingClied, lyingDlaid, lying12（2022上上海宝山九年级统考开学考试）There are altogether some 200 people in our village, the old people and children _.AincludingBincludedCare includedDare including命题点一：非谓语动词基本用法1（2023上上海静安九年级校考期中）Parents often expect their childr

36、en _ all the things that they couldnt do in the past.Ato doBdoingCdidDdo2（2023上上海徐汇九年级位育中学校考期中）Keeping pets _ us know a lot about how to care for others.AhelpsBhelpChelpingDhelped3（2023上上海徐汇九年级位育中学校考期中）Im seeing a patient. Would you mind _ outside for a moment?AwaitBwaitingCto waitDhas waited4（2023上

37、上海杨浦九年级统考期中）Our skiing coach warned us _ straight down the hill.Anot goBnot goingCnot to goDdont go5（2023上上海浦东新九年级校联考期中）Yesterday I got up early _ be late for the lecture made by a well-known professor. Ain order toBso as not toCin order to notDso that6（2023上上海浦东新九年级校联考期中）Peter considers _ a pet dog

38、 so that he wont feel lonely at home.AkeepBkeepingCkeepsDto keep7（2023上上海黄浦九年级统考期中）Jenny denied _ anything about the missing purse yesterday afternoon.AknowBto knowCknowingDknew8（2023上上海浦东新九年级上海市实验学校校考期中）Susan finally became a popular singer after she practiced _ for years.AsingBto singCsingingDsang

39、9（2023上上海浦东新九年级上海市实验学校校考期中）I will spend as much time as I can _ the lesson.Ago overBto go overCgoing overDgone over10（2023上上海浦东新九年级统考期中）Many people _ in Shanghai after spending several years here.Aused to liveBused to livingCare used to liveDare used to living11（2023上上海浦东新九年级统考期中）Tom told a joke in

40、class and made all of us _ a lot.AlaughBto laughClaughingDlaughed12（2017下八年级课时练习）After she finished _ the story, Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper.AreadBreadsCto readDreading13（2021下上海浦东新八年级上海市进才中学北校校考期末）Online courses enable students _ at their pace.AlearnBlearningCto learnDto learning1

41、4（2022上广东湛江九年级统考阶段练习）_ my pronunciation, I read aloud every morning.APracticeBPracticingCTo practiceDPracticed15（2022下九年级单元测试）More and more parents expect their children _ on computers less.AdependBto dependCdependingDdepends16（2019上海徐汇统考三模）The monitor suggested _ an outing after the middle-term exa

42、m at the weekend.Ato organizeBorganizedCorganizingDorganize17（2023上上海嘉定九年级校考期末）In my opinion, one of the best ways to lose weight is _ regularly.AexerciseBto exerciseCexercisedDexercises18（2023上上海嘉定九年级校考期末）Alice is practicing _ in the music room because she will give a performance at the School Art

43、Festival.AsingingBsangCto singDsings19（2023上上海嘉定九年级校考期末）If I cant finish _ the report, I wont go to the cinema with you tomorrow.AtypeBtypedCto typeDtyping20（2023上上海徐汇九年级校联考期末）Pansy denied _ an article about detectives on the computer last week.AwriteBto writeCwritingDto writing命题点二：考查非谓语动词与词性转换21（2

44、023上上海浦东新九年级校考期中）The magician Simon can make the coin in his hand in a minute.(appear)22（2023上上海浦东新九年级校联考期中）“Our job is to customers well, please keep it in mind” The manager said. (service)23（2023上上海浦东新九年级统考期中）The government is planning to more jobs for the young. (creative)24（2023上上海浦东新九年级上海市实验学校校

45、考期中）Dont always try to others. Its bad manners. （foolish）25（2021上上海黄浦九年级统考期中）If your neighbors are too noisy then you have the reason for . (complaint)26（2023上上海徐汇九年级校联考期末）Our Chinese teacher often says its good for us to more Chinese poems. (memory)27（2023上海嘉定统考二模）Look at the information board, and

46、 find the right way to the meeting room. (entrance)28（2023上海宝山统考一模）Cao Chong was clever because he found a good way to an elephant. (weight)29（2023上海崇明统考一模）I wonder how to start and the new washing machine. （operation）30（2023上海长宁统考一模）The government plans to more jobs for young people this year. (cre

47、ative)31（2021上海模拟预测）They killed four policemen while they were trying to a bank. (robbery)32（2023上海杨浦校考）Remember to _ your notes very carefully before giving a speech. (organization)33（2022上海浦东新统考模拟预测）It took a few ambulances to _ the injured to the nearby hospital. (transportation)34（2023上海闵行统考一模）W

48、ithout hard work, no one can expect to _ in doing anything great. (success)35（2022上海宝山统考二模）Reading is one of the most powerful ways to _ our knowledge. (rich)36（2023上海闵行一模）He didnt know how he could get to his new school on time. (改为简单句) He didnt know _ _ get to his new school on time.37（2022上海普陀二模）

49、She has no idea where she can go for a trip this summer holiday. (改为简单句)She has no idea _ _ go for a trip this summer holiday.38（2022上海崇明模拟预测）Jane wonders how she can buy some vegetables online during the special days.（改为简单句）Jane wonders _ _ buy some vegetables online during the special days.39（2022上海黄浦二模）“You should have your temperature taken first,” said the doctor to me. (改为间接引语)The doctor advised me _ _my temperature taken first.40（2022上海崇明模拟）them, the unusual stone, took, a lot of time, it, to research（连词成句）_.